Sociology of Sports

African Americans have more opportunities in professional sports than in traditional professions such as medicine and law.

F

People around the world define sport in the same way because it has a fundamental essence that transcends culture.

F

Prior to the 20th century, violence among spectators at sport events seldom occurred and was tame in comparison to crowd violence today

F

Research consistently shows that sports build positive character traits that shape people's lives through adulthood.

F

Research indicates that the athletes most likely to use performance-enhancing drugs are those who are least committed to sports and to their teammates.

F

Research shows that when participation in organized youth sports increases, the rate of obesity in the society declines dramatically

F

Sports have had a democratizing influence on American society by giving low-income people as much opportunity to participate as high-income people.

F

The growth of organized youth sports since the 1950s has been influenced more by television than by changes in family life.

F

The proportion of women coaches for the most popular college sports was significantly higher in 2019 than in 1977.

F

Ideology

F. Shared interpretative framework that people use to make sense of and evaluate themselves,others, and events in their social worlds

Gender Ideology

-Interrelated ideas & beliefs widely used to define masculinity and femininity, identify people in terms of sex and sexuality, evaluate forms of sexual expression, & organized social relationship. - Orthodox gender ideology = 2 sex categories

Racial Ideology

-Interrelated ideas that are widely used to classify human begins in categories assumed to be biological & related to attributes such as intelligence, temperament, & physical abilities

Social Class Ideology

-Interrelated ideas that people use to understand economic inequalities, identify class position, evaluate impact of economic inequality -Dominant class ideology belief in American Dream & Us is meritocracy

Deviance

-Occurs when a person's idea or actions are perceived by others to fall outside normal range of acceptance in society - Formal deviance = violation of official rules / laws, punished by official sanctions - Informal deviance = violations of unwritten customs

The Great Sport Myth

-Sport is essentially *pure & and good* and its *purity & and goodness* are transferred to anyone who plays, consumes, or sponsors sports -Therefore there is no need to study & evaluate sports for the purpose of transforming or making them better because they are already what they should be

Ableist Ideology/Ableism

A. Attitudes, actions, & policies based on the belief that people perceived as lacking certain abilities are inferior, and therefore, incapable of full participation in mainstream activities

Deviant Underconformity

-Based on disobeying, ignoring, rejecting norms - Involves subnormal actions falling outside the normal range of acceptance - Bar fighting, sexual assault, calling someone stupid, pushing the ref, etc

Violence least violent to most violent

-Brutal Body Contact -Borderline Violence -Quasi-criminal violence -Criminal Violence

Meritocracy

B. Where deserving people become successful and where failure is the result of inability, poor choices, or lack of motivation

Racial Ideology_

C. Interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to classify human beings into categories assumed to be biological and related to attributes such as intelligence, temperament, and physical abilities

Social Class Ideology_

D. Interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely shared and used by people to evaluate their material status; explain why economic success, failure, and inequalities exist, and what should be done about economic inequalities in a group or society

Gender ideology_

E. Interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to define masculinity and femininity, identify people as male or female, evaluate forms of sexual expression, and determine the appropriate roles of males and females in society

Social Capital

G. Social resources that link them to social worlds in positive ways

Sociology of Sports

H. Primarily a sub discipline of sociology and physical education that studies sports as social phenomenon

Contested Activities

J. Activities for which there are no time-less and universal agreements about what they mean, why they exist, or how they should be organized.

Social Constructions

I. Parts of the social world that are created by people as they interact with one another underparticular social, political, and economic conditions

Physical Culture

K. Includes all forms of movement and physical activities that people in particular social worldscreate, sustain, and regularly include in their collective lives

Social Structure

L. The established patterns of relationships and social arrangements that take shape as people live,work, and play with each other

Sociology

M. The study of social worlds that people create, maintain, and change through their relationships with each other

Social Worlds

N. Identifiable spheres of everyday actions and relationships

Social Interaction

O. People taking each other into account and, in the process, influencing each others feelings,thoughts, and actions

Society

P. A relatively self-sufficient collection of people who maintain a way of life in a particular territory

Culture

Q. Shared ways of life and shared understandings that people develop as they live together

Socialization

R. Process of learning and social development that occurs as we interact with one another andbecome familiar with the various social worlds in which we live

Social stratification

S. Structured forms of economic inequalities that are part of the organization of everyday social life

Boys are more likely than girls to think they are better at sports than they actually are when it comes to sport skills

T

Compared with informal games, organized youth sports emphasize rules and strategies more than action and involvement.

T

Despite Title IX, women still lag behind men in participation and funding in both high school and college sports in the United States.

T

Female intercollegiate athletes as a group have a higher graduation rate than male intercollegiate athletes.

T

In high school, students who currently play on school sports teams generally have higher grade point averages than those who do not.

T

Some of the most dangerous forms of deviance within sports occurs because athletes overconform to norms that are emphasized by coaches and other athletes.

T

The most powerful people in sports today are the men who control the corporations that sponsor media sports programming.

T

The sociology of sport tends to emphasize the importance of theories that are based on systematic research rather than the personal theories of scholars who have played sports.

T

Orthodox Gender Ideology

T. Represents the interrelated ideas and beliefs associated with two sex system

Deviance

U. Ideas, traits, or actions fall outside the boundaries that people create and use to decide what is acceptable and unacceptable in a social world

Race

V. A population of people who are believed to be naturally or biologically distinct from other populations

Deviant underconformity

W. When ideas, traits, or actions indicate a rejection of norms or ignorance about their existence

Social class

X. Categories of people who share an economic position in society based on their income, wealth,education, occupation, and social connections

Ethnicity

Y. A cultural heritage that people use to identify a particular population

Deviant overconformity

Z. Ideas, traits, or actions go beyond expectations in ways that are defined by most people asunacceptable