sociology test 3

A major factor contributing to the spread of AIDS worldwide is the international sex trade, which includes the sale of sex to promote tourism.

true

Americans hold more conservative attitudes regarding sex before marriage than people in western Europe

true

Barbara Risman and Pepper Schwartz's review of studies exploring teen sexuality in the 1990s concluded that the sexual behavior of boys was becoming more like girls

true

One-quarter of all children in the United States live with only one parent.

true

Same-sex marriages have been constitutionally recognized in Massachusetts since 2003.

true

The United States leads the world not only in the number of people who marry, but also in the number of people who divorce

true

The children who are most likely to have ongoing emotional difficulties as the result of their parents' divorce are those whose parents maintain joint custody

false

The major Judeo-Christian religions place strong emphasis on gender equality, with explicit support for an equal division of labor and decision making between men and women in both the public and private spheres.

false

The term transgendered refers to an individual who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex

false

The term transgendered refers to an individual who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex.

false

By early adolescence,

girls report lower self-esteem than do boys.

Symbolic interactionists view families as

groups in which people interact and negotiate relationships with others.

Which perspective explains gender differences in wages as a result of differences in the individual characteristics (such as education level) that workers bring to their jobs?

human capital

The pattern in which female and male workers are systematically separated into different occupations that are usually linked to different wages is gender

segregation.

To radical feminists, the origins of women's oppression lie in

. men's control over women's bodies, which is maintained through sexual and physical assault.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases first defined the use of birth control as a right, rather than a crime, in the United States

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Which of the following statements about female-headed households is (are) true?

Social problems associated with female-headed households, like delinquency, school dropout rate, and poor self-image, are caused not by the absence of men in the family, but rather the economic strain.

Sociologists agree that men have a stronger sex drive than women.

false

Substantial research indicates that homosexuality is rooted in biology.

false

The most common marriage pattern in the United States and other industrialized nations is

monogamy.

Which of the following about the divorce rate in the United States is accurate?

none above

Religions based on the centrality of female goddesses are classified as which type of religion?

Matriarchal

Homophobia perpetuates which of the following myths

Children raised by gay and lesbian parents are negatively affected by their parents' sexual orientation.

Homophobia perpetuates which of the following myths?

Children raised by gay and lesbian parents are negatively affected by their parents' sexual orientation.

When measured in terms of followers, the largest religion in the world is

Christianity.

Which of the following statements about queer theory is accurate?

Queer theory interprets the various dimensions of sexuality as thoroughly social and constructed through institutional practices

Which of the following statements is (are) true?

There is very little difference in the levels of sex hormones in boys and girls.

Which of the following physical differences exists between females and males?

all above

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding child abuse?

all above

Which perspective generally attributes the complex social phenomena associated with gender to differences in physical characteristics between men and women

biological determinism

The majority of Latinos in the United States identify as

catholic

Cults tend to form around leaders with great _____, a quality attributed to individuals believed by their followers to have special powers.

charisma

The first federal law to require that men and women receive equal pay for equal work was the

equal pay act

According to Khanna and colleagues' research on interracial dating and marriage in the United States, the families of White students react with hostility to the news that their relative is involved in an interracial relationship, but the families of Black students who date interracially are generally supportive of their relative's involvement in the relationship.

false

According to dual labor market theory, women are more likely than men to work in the primary labor market.

false

Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment in 1973, which guaranteed equality under the law regardless of one's sex

false

Human capital variables include factors such as one's weight, height, and heart rate.

false

Judaism has such enormous social significance because it is the second largest religion in the world.

false

Large numbers of African Americans have recently become Catholics because they are drawn to the church's emphasis on self-reliance, celebration of African identity, and prohibitions against gambling and using drugs or alcohol.

false

On average, women in the United States today earn sixty percent of what men earn.

false

Research on sexual identity indicates that once people have engaged in lesbian or gay behavior they inevitably adopt a formal definition of themselves as lesbian or gay

false

Which feminist framework asserts that gender is learned through traditional patterns of socialization and change can best be accomplished through legal reform

liberal feminism

The persistent dominance of men over women is called

patriarchy.

Which group of women is most vulnerable to sexual exploitation

poor women and women of color

The term referring to the biological differences between females and males is

sex

Symbolic interaction theory uses which perspective to interpret sexual identity?

social construction

Gender ______ is the process through which women and men learn the expectations associated with members of their sex.

socialization

Which statement is true regarding gender and culture?

some cultures have more than two gender statuses

Research finds that women are more nearly equal to men in societies where

women's work is central to the economy