Sociology test 4 final, fall 2015

What term describes a system that emphasizes hard work, savings, and a concern for salvation?

Conspicuous consumption

Why do rational-legal and traditional authorities take careful precautions in opposing charismatic leaders?

D. Charismatic authority has no rules of succession, making it less stable. The death of a leader can lead to bitter succession struggles.

In the United States, which political party is most associated with the working class?

Democrats

Carl lives in a small New England town where he and other residents attend monthly town meetings. At these meetings, they publicly vote on issues concerning the town. These monthly town meetings are an example of ________ democracy.

Direct

What is the key to determining if someone will vote?

Education

What is the basis of universal citizenship?

Everyone has the same basic rights by virtue of being born in a country (or by taking residence/naturalization); it flowered slowly, and came into practice only through fierce struggle.

What is a system of government in which decision-making is vested in a small group of people?

Oligarchy

According to the functionalist perspective, what keeps the government of the United States from turning against its citizens?

Pluralism- a diffusion of power amongst many special interest groups

Organizations that solicit contributions from many donors and then use the large total to influence legislation are referred to as ________.

Political Action Committees

In the United States, we elect candidates whom we believe will best represent our interests in state capitals and in Washington, D.C. This is an example of a(n) ________.

Representative democracy

Max Weber used the term ________ to refer to the transition of authority from a charismatic leader to either a rational-legal authority or traditional authority.

Routinization of Charisma

What term does William Domhoff use to refer to the top one percent of Americans who belong to the super- rich and capitalist class?

Ruling Class

What is another name for "welfare capitalism"?

State capitalism

The plow was to the agricultural society as the ________ was to the industrial society.

Steam engine

Which nations serve as the best examples of democratic socialism?

Sweden Denmark

In socialism, who or what determines what will be produced and what it will cost?

The government

The "global village" refers to ________.

The worlds nations are linked by fast communications, transportation, and trade.

What condition had to exist before members of a society could create a permanent or semi-permanent place to live?

a subsistent economy

What is the key factor in a representative democracy?

b. the citizenship of the resident

What is a pattern of growth in which numbers double during approximately equal intervals, resulting in an acceleration of growth during the final stages?

c. exponential growth curve

Which of the following is not one of the essential conditions of war identified by Timasheff (1965)?

essential conditions of war: Power Unity Revenge Prestiege Leaders Ethnicity Beliefs

What is the three branch system which is designed to ensure that power remains distributed in U.S. government so that no one branch dominates?

the Checks and Balances system.