Soco 101 Final Exam
From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? (ch8)
- Life changing function - Social norm function - Entertainment function
With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people? (ch9)
1/3
The term crime can be defined as: (ch7)
A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.
Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? (ch8)
A conflict theorist
In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______. (ch5)
A degradation ceremony
When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of: (ch12)
A double standard
What is the Head Start Program? (ch16)
A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.
Please define representative democracy: (ch17)
A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.
What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime? (ch7)
A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.
The term sexuality is defined by the text as: (ch12)
A person's capacity for sexual feelings.
According to the textbook, new social movement theory is best described as: (ch21)
A perspective that ties social movements to the political landscape, ideological shifts, and social changes in culture
The concept anomie can be defined as: (ch4)
A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.
The term interpretive framework can be defined as: (ch2)
A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.
The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as: (ch16)
A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.
The term deviance can be defined as: (ch7)
A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.
Strain theory: (ch7)
Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.
1967's Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia, a case which legally allowed interracial marriage, is an example of (ch11)
Amalgamation
In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. (ch3)
An innovation
Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as: (ch4)
An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy
Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: (ch5)
Anticipatory socialization.
Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? (ch1)
Auguste Comte
Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction? (ch7)
Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.
Which of the following is an example of role strain? (ch4)
Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.
Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? (ch7)
C. Wright Mills
How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years? (ch8)
Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly.
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? (ch5)
Carol Gilligan
Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. (ch2)
Case study
Hitler was an example of what kind of authority? (ch17)
Charismatic
The term sorting can be defined as (ch16)
Classifying students based on academic merit or potential.
When news of Proposition 8 broke in California in 2008, hundreds of thousands of protestors came together using Twitter, Facebook, and the media to get their message of protest out. Which stage of Blumer and Tilly's social movement outline represents this? (ch21)
Coalescence stage
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? (ch5)
Conflict
Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? (ch8)
Conflict
Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective. (ch4)
Conflict Theory
When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views? (ch12)
Conflict Theory
Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align? (ch11)
Conflict theory
Juan believes that battles such as the French Revolution are necessary for a country to preserve liberty, to maintain or gain land, and will ultimately lead to a more even distribution of wealth among a population. From which sociological perspective do Juan's thoughts come from? (ch17)
Conflict theory
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity? (ch16)
Conflict theory
Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called: (ch9)
Conspicuous consumption
Queen Noor of Jordan is a leader of which form of government? (ch17)
Constitutional monarchy
Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a Ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime? (ch7)
Corporate crime
Society and culture _____. (ch3)
Could not exist without each other
Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of: (ch16)
Cultural capital
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____. (ch3)
Culture shock
Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: (ch8)
Digital divide
Which of the following is not a widely contributing factor in social change? (ch.21)
Disease
In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________. (ch9)
Downward mobility
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______. (ch3)
Ethnocentrism
Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June wedding. They will have a(n)___________ marriage. (ch9)
Exogamous
True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime? (ch7)
False
Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? (ch14)
Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.
The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: (ch1)
Figuration
Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: (ch8)
Fragmentation
Which sociologist studied the power elite, and wrote the book entitled Who Rules America? (ch17)
G. William Domhoff
Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. (ch1)
Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as: (ch8)
Gatekeeping
Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research? (ch2)
Gathering data from government studies
Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country? (ch16)
Geographic distribution of male and female students
To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as: (ch16)
Grade inflation
What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: (ch3)
Hipsters
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. (ch1)
How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
Qualitative sociology can be defined as: (ch1)
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? (ch3)
Incest taboos
Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living? (ch9)
Income Employment Class
What is particularly unique about the United States middle class? (ch9)
It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.
What is the importance of interpretive framework? (ch2)
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.
What was the significance of the famous case Reynolds v. Sims? (ch17)
It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally.
Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged? (ch17)
Karl Marx
____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. (ch1)
Karl Marx; Communism
Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy? (ch4)
Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? (ch7)
Labeling theory
The U.S. Census Bureau keeps records of different statistics that pertain to families. For example, in 2010, there were three million children who did not live with their parents. 54% of these children were: (ch14)
Living with their grandparent(s)
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? (ch3)
Making eye contact while speaking
What is the difference between an oligarchy and a monarchy? (ch17)
Members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of a monarchy do.
What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage? (ch14)
Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, three fourths of children of divorced parents live with their mother. What impact might this have on the U.S. male population over time? (ch14)
Men may be more aggressive which may lead to an increase in crime, domestic violence, etc.
Arizona Senate Bill 1070, often referred to colloquially as the "papers, please" law, was aimed widely at those of: (ch11)
Mexican descent
Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities? (ch16)
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: (ch9)
Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.
The anti-drug campaign in the 1980's encouraged students to "just say no" to put an end to drug use and drug violence. Which type of framing did this campaign use? (ch21)
Motivational
It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? (ch5)
Nature vs. Nurture
According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is: (ch11)
Not biologically identifiable
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? (ch2)
Observing study participants without their consent
In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. (ch2)
Participant observation
When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a: (CH14)
Patrilocal residence
Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: (ch4)
People base their images on how they think other people see them.
Peter finds that he always reacts differently to correction from his father than from his mother. What might a symbolic interactionist studying families make of this situation? (ch14)
Peter plays different roles with his father and mother.
This type of social movement framing seeks to offer a solution to a social problem and describes how to implement this solution in society: (ch21)
Prognostic framing
Which of the following is an example of racial steering? (ch11)
Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others.
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. (ch2)
Reliability
The National Organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in? (ch21)
Resistance
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? (ch5)
Resocialization.
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group that has over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) in order to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA's success? (ch21)
Resource mobilization theory
On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of ______. (ch4)
Role performance
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. (ch2)
Secondary data
Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? (ch2)
Secondary data analysis
What is the difference between sex and gender? (ch12)
Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.
Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing: (ch12)
Sexism
Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. (ch3)
Social control
Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? (ch16)
Social networks
During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. (ch5)
Socialization
Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender: (Ch12)
Socialization
Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: (ch14)
Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.*
Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: (ch14)
Spanking
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? (ch5)
Structural Functionalism
Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? (ch12)
Structural Functionalism
In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______. (ch3)
Subculture
In which country is sex education required in public schools? (ch12)
Sweden
Which sociological perspective sees technology and media as a tool individuals use to express how much wealth they have? (ch8)
Symbolic Interactionist
A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management. (ch4)
Symbolic interactionist
After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. (ch1)
Symbolic interactionist
Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is: (ch11)
Symbolic interactionist
Sociology is defined as the: (ch1)
Systematic study of society and social interaction.
Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): (ch8)
Technophile
The Davis-Moore Thesis states: (ch9)
That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.
How did Max Weber define power? (ch17)
The ability to exercise one's will over others
Biological determinism is: (ch12)
The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology
In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? (ch14)
The birth of the first child.
Alienation is defined by the text as: (ch4)
The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.*
Speedy Gonzalez is a popular cartoon character, but is widely considered an inappropriate stereotype. Many children are raised watching Speedy Gonzalez cartoons, unaware that such stereotypes are negative. This is a product of: (ch11)
The culture of prejudice
According to chapter 21, modernization is best defined as: (ch21)
The increased specialization and differentiation in society, leading to technological advances
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis? (ch2)
The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
Xenocentrism is: (ch3)
The opposite of ethnocentrism
The term segregation is defined in the text as: (ch11)
The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions.
The term assimilation is defined by the text as: (ch11)
The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture.
According to the chapter, crowd-sourcing is best described as: (ch21)
The process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from large groups
Social control is: (ch7)
The regulation and enforcement of norms.
Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre-war problems on the Jewish population is an example of: (ch11)
The scapegoat theory
The term technological diffusion is defined as: (ch8)
The spread of technology across borders.
What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? (ch14)
The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.
Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between: (ch4)
The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.
Peer groups are important to adolescents because: (ch5)
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents.
Verstehen is defined by the text as: (ch1)
To understand in a deep way.
Communist regimes, which attempt to control all aspects of citizens' lives, are examples of which form of government: (ch17)
Totalitarian dictatorship
Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education? (ch16)
Transmission of culture
Parents often socialize their children to: (ch5)
Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class? (ch9)
Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one's own life.
A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by: (ch9)
Wealth, power, income, race, education
The term doing gender can be defined as: (ch12)
When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.
Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. (ch1)
manifest; latent
According to the textbook, which of the following is not considered to be a social movement level? (ch21)
municipal social movements