SOCW 2140 FINAL EXAM REVIEW PART TWO

What are the first 5 steps of AA?

#1 We admitted we were powerless over alcohol, that our lives had become unmanageable. #2 Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. #3 Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him. #4 Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves. #5 Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.

SFT TECHNIQUES DEFINED

1. Miracle question: This question leads the client directly into imagining, describing, creating, and embellishing on a day in the future without the burden of the particular problem that led or required the client to seek help. The question is asked deliberately and dramatically. 2. Asking for exceptions to the problem: Used to help the client remember a time when the problem could have happened but didn't. 3. Scaling questions: they are used in a variety of ways to help the client assess level of hope, determination, confidence, sadness, how much change has occurred and so on. 4. Coping questions: Can be used to bring out the survival strategies of people have been managing somehow in spite of their additions. This is helpful in building hope and self-efficacy, two ingredients for change.

What are the two primary goals of SMART Recovery?

1. To help individuals gain independence from addictive behavior (through abstinence) 2. To teach people how to enhance and maintain motivation to abstain, cope with urges, manage thoughts, feelings and behavior, and balsnanxe momentary and enduring satisfactions. To accomplish this, cognitive-behavioral techniques, communication skills, anger management skills, and stress management techniques are incorporated into the meetings.

Gambling disorder is associated with what in girls?

Anxiety and depressive feelings in girls

A promising trend for African Americans is the decrease in treatment admissions for what drug?

Cocaine

_____________ is based on the idea that maladpative thinking and bad habits are the mechanisms that cause problems and keep them going

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

What is the most common form of individual therapy for those suffering from substance abuse?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

Gambling problems are associated with what in boys?

Conduct disorder and impulsivity

Why is Group Therapy so popular?

Cost-effective, helps people learn from other people's experience, and can be particularly beneficial for those who have become isolated from family and significant others while in the throes of addiction.

What are barriers to treatment for African Americans?

Cultural mistrust, stigma, limited insurance, lack of success in prior treatment, and lack of transportation. The belief that they could handle it on their own. Long waiting lists is another barrier.

What are characteristics of effective family interventions?

Culturally sensitive to diverse family forms. They need to be geared toward the family's stage of awareness of a problem and the family's willingness to do something about about.

What are the prevalence patterns for Asian Americans?

Despite their growing numbers, Asian Americans remain the least at risk group for use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. The low rate of alcohol and drug misuse for the Asian group may be underreported and inaccurate because of several factors. - national database surveys, the lack of culturally relevant services, absence of enzyme which can cause flushing and discomfort when alcohol is ingested. The prevalence rates of current alcohol use were lowest among Asian adolescents and Pacific Islander adolescents.

What are some skills CBT Therapists are expected to have?

Expected to be good at activitely listening, reflecting, paraphrasing, summarizing, the ability to roll with resistance, and the ability to empathize with the client.

Adaptation is defined by ______________ in terms of her ecological framework as an active process of self-change, environmental change, or both, not a mere passive adjustment to circumstances.

Germaine

What is the most popular form of delivery substance abuse treatment today?

Group Therapy

Hispanic Prevalence Patterns

Hispanics with Mexican and Puerto Rican background were most likely to need treatment and those with Central or South American backgrounds were least likely.

SFT Techniques include four kinds of questions. What are they?

Miracle question Coping questions Expectation questions Scaling questions

Is Women for Sobriety a God-oriented program?

No

The Hero

Often the firstborn child in the family, this high achieving and competent individual is constantly seeking approval. The family labels this child as the star-the scholarship, athletic hero or performer.

Gambling as psychological what is a common theme in the stories of many women who are compulsive gamblers?

Pain medication

CBT began in the 1960s. What are its techniques?

Reinforcement: the process of shaping behavior by controlling the consequences of the behavior. Modeling: Learning by observing what others do and seeing the costs and benefits of each behavior. Conditioned responding: Identifying potential triggers and coming up with alternative strategies to diffuse them. Cognitive factors

What group's approach draws its principles from the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy and particularly from rational emotive behavior therapy?

SMART Recovery

What does SMART stand for?

Self-Management and Recovery Training

In this model, it is the clients who constantly assess themselves to identify the problems, possible steps to bring them closer to their desired future, what resources may be helpful in making a change and how motivated they are to make change a reality.

Solution Focused Therapy

The 12 Steps

Specific individual actions, spiritual in nature and "guides to progress, not spiritual perfection." They were designed by fellow alcoholics to help a person obtain sobriety and make the spiritual transformation necessary to create a sober life that is worth living.

At the heart of the the AA Program is a group of principles "suggested" for recovery called?

The 12 Steps

The original volume of Alcoholics Anonymous was called?

The Big Book

Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith, both late-stage alcoholics desperate for an alternative, joined together to create anonymous support meetings that borrowed principles from what?

The Oxford Group (a nondenominational Christian movement)

Family Illness

The addicted family is malfunctioning. It does not mean that the addiction stems from family dynamics but rather that this dysfunction in one or more members affects the family dynamics. The chaos that the afflicted person experiences in the abyss of his or her addiction is replicated in the chaos and unpredictability of family life surrounding the addiction.

Sharon Wegschieder's roles

The chemically dependent person The chief enabler The hero The scapegoat The lost child The mascot

Mutual help groups

The cost effectiveness of mutual help groups is an important factor because of the continual rise of health costs, and because many alcoholics and drug addicts find themselves in dire economic circumstances.

Culturagram of Congress and Gonzalez

The culturagram is a family assessment instrument that grew out of the recognition that families are becoming increasingly culturally diverse and that social workers must be able to understand cultural differences among families and their implications for their work. It examines 10 areas: 1. Reasons for relocation 2. Legal status 3. Time in the community 4. Language spoken at home and in the community 5. Health beliefs and access 6. Impact of trauma and crisis events 7. Contact with cultural and religious institutions, holidays and special events, food and clothing 8. Oppression and discrimination, bias and racism 9. Values about education and work 10. Values about family structure-power, hierarchy, rules, subsystems and boundaries.

The Family Manager

The individual who occupies this position is often the sober partner if an alcoholic or addict. The role that the family manager assumes is to overfunction to compensate for the partner's underfunctioning. They are often plagued with feelings of shame and guilt.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AA

The more AA attendance, the higher the abstinence rate. AA in the community can be a helpful approach for an alcoholic, especially when the person actively participates in the AA program and especially when accompanied by professional treatment. Participation in AA over time is associated with improved outcomes. Many alcoholics who become involved in AA will find something they can use to improve their lives on a long-term basis and consequently that helping professionals will benefit from more knowledge of this potentially valuable resource.

The Mascot Forever

The occupier of this role helps provide comic relief for the family unit. Encouraged to be cute and joke around, the mascot can attract much positive attention while distracting members from serious matters.

Managed Care

The purpose of managed care is not to manage care but to manage costs. Severe limits have been placed on mental health services and substance abuse treatment under these plans regarding the range of services offered.

The Lost Child

This child lives in a fantasy world and is said to be little or no trouble. Although he or she may be lonely, this younger child can entertain him or herself through endless playing with dolls, TV or computer games.

The Scapegoat

This is the child often the second born, whom everyone loves to blame.

The chemically dependent person

This member of the family is grabbed by contradictions. They are selfishly preoccupied with the sources of addiction. This person is often charming and talented and they see life in black and white.

1997 removal of coverage for all disabilities that were due exclusively to alcohol or drug addiction from eligibility for federal Supplemental Security Income and the work requirements associated with TANF. True or false?

True

A focus on gender-sensitive treatment programs generally means a focus on women. True or false?

True

AA groups in the community are self-suppriting by voluntary contributions from the membership and the meetings are led by fellow alcoholics. True or false?

True

AA in the community is not treatment. True or false?

True

AA is a self help group. True or false?

True

AA is a spiritually based fellowship that supports the development and maintenance of abstinence for those who want it and offers steps for sobriety and lifelong character development. True or false?

True

AA is an approach to recovery from alcoholism developed by and for alcoholics around 1935. True or false?

True

Action gamblers tend to begin early in life, have a long term problem, focus on skill games such as poker, horses and sports and seek action as well as escape. True or false?

True

Adaptation flows from and helps alleviate stress caused in the family system by the drinking, gambling, compulsive sexual behavior, and so on. True or false?

True

African American women have significantly lower rates of past month alcohol use and a slightly lower binge drinking rate. True or false?

True

African Americans account for more than one third of all people living with HIV. True or false?

True

African Americans were lower in the rate of substance dependence or abuse, compared to a rate of 8.2% for the general population. True or false?

True

All group therapies are not alike. True or false?

True

American Indians and Native Alaskans have the highest rate of current use of a tobacco product. True or false?

True

American Indians prefer culturally based services such as reliance on elders and traditional healers, participation in sweat lodges; and other traditional ceremonies were preferred over more formal interventions from a mental health provider. True or false?

True

Among persons aged 12 or older, the rate of substance dependence or abuse was highest among American Indians or Alaskan Natives. True or false?

True

Asian Americans in general are unlikely to enter treatment unless treatment is triggered by the referral of the criminal justice system, or the person falls into a subset groups of severe illicit drug users. True or false?

True

Asian Americans were less likely than persons of other racial/ethnic groups to be classified as needing treatment for substance use in the past year. True or false?

True

Asian Americans were less likely to receive treatment st a specialty facility. True or false?

True

Codependence is sometimes defined as a disease that predated the relationship with a partner who was addicted to alcohol or other drugs. True or false?

True

Codependence, a term originally used to describe the strain of being a partner to a chemically dependent person, has taken on a life far beyond the intent of the original use of the term. True or false?

True

Community-based AA is not treatment but is considered self-help. True or false?

True

Drug free zones were originally designed to protect children from drug trafficking by creating safe harbor in places they might gather. True or false?

True

Each family has its own peculiar style of adaptation-coping through hiding key resources, blaming, covering up for the addictive behavior, joining in the addiction, or becoming extremely touchy with outsiders who criticize. True or false?

True

Escape gamblers were thought to become compulsive in their gambling in a span of six months to three years and play luck games such as bingo, slots and video poker. They use it to escape from their problems. True or false?

True

Group therapy that teaches coping skills and relapse prevention using cognitive behavioral approaches ranked highest in effectiveness and continues to provide evidence that is at least as good if not better than individual behavior therapy. True or false?

True

In American Indian facilities, the most common approaches were substance abuse counseling, relapse prevention and the 12-Step Approach. True or false?

True

In Smart Recovery, Addiction is viewed more as a maladaptive behavior than a disease and could arise from both substance use and involvement in activities. True or false?

True

In actuality, the practice of AA in the community differs in fundamental ways from the Twelve Step Facilitation that is practiced in professional treatment centers. True or false?

True

Language, lack of trust in the Euro-American model, uninviting environments that do not link to community resources, and providers limited understanding of cultural strengths and traditions are all barriers to treatment for Hispanics. True or false?

True

Liver disease and Cirrhosis is the 15th leading cause of death for African Americans. True or false?

True

Many women with children continue to be turned away from the help they need due to drug-related felonies. True or false?

True

Most men and women are treated in mixed gender groups that do not provide special programs for sexual or gender issues. True or false?

True

Mutual help groups (an estimated half million) have filled in the gap to deal with almost every human problem, including self-care groups for major diseases, recovery groups for addiction and other problems, and advocacy groups for certain circumstances (elderly, mentally ill, etc.) True or false?

True

Mutual help is used interchangeably with the more common term self-help. Mutual help conveys more of the reciprocity that exists in these organizations. True or false?

True

Physical problems develop in women more rapidly and at lower rates than men. True or false?

True

Practitioners and researchers agree that a spiritual/religious framework can be both a protective factor against addiction and a helpful factor in recovery. True or false?

True

Roles that individual family members play reinforce or clash with roles of other members. True or false?

True

SF Therapists do not see the particular addiction as a "unitary disease" that affects everyone alike. Instead the SF therapist assists the person to define his or her own conception of the problem and goals for change. True or false?

True

SFT is based on the assumption that the future can be created and negotiated regardless of the problem. True or false?

True

SMART Recovery is now a worldwide nonprofit organization that provides mutual help meetings and Internet support for people with behavioral problems such as alcohol, drug, gambling and eating. True or false?

True

SMART Recovery started in 1992 as an offshoot of Rational Recovery. It was originally developed as a cognitive behavioral alternative to the spiritual focus of 12-step programs. True or false?

True

Since the mid 1990s, much of the substance abuse treatment provided by the Indian Health Service has shifted to local tribal control. True or false?

True

Studies on gender differences among problem gamblers have found that female gamblers start gambling later in life than men but once started progress to program gambling faster than males. True or false?

True

The DSM-5 does not include codependence in its manual of mental disorders, nor is there any indication this term will be included in future editions. True or false?

True

The consequences associated with heavy drinking may be accelerated in women. True or false?

True

The most frequently reported substance abuse problem at admission for all racial/ethnic groups was alcohol, except admissions at Puerto Rican origin. True or false?

True

The origins of Solution focused therapy are found in the work of Milton Erickson who strongly believed that solving the problem was more important than finding and elaborating on the root "cause" of the problem and that clients had the ability within themselves and/or their social system to bring about change. True or false?

True

The rate of current illicit drug use was lower than that of Native Americans and other Pacific Islanders but higher than Whites, Asians, and Hispanics. True or false?

True

The role of the SFT therapist is to be the expert on the "conversation of change" and keep the dialogue going in search of a new, more beneficial reality. True or false?

True

Twelve Step Facilitation is the dominant alcohol treatment model in the United States. The goal for the client is to achieve abstinence, to acknowledge that willpower alone cannot maintain sobriety, and that long term recovery requires spiritual renewal. True or false?

True

WFS meetings are led by a certified moderator, a person with at least one year of Sobriety and certified knowledge about WFS principles. Meetings are also open to all women alcoholics and to those with prescription drug problems. True or false?

True

WFS sees alcohol and drug addiction as a bad habit-one that is amenable to cognitive restructuring. True or false?

True

We can go forward with a compassionate "user friendly approach" to those who want to change their relationship to an addiction, or we can continue to punish and shame them in an effort to make them give it up. True or false?

True

Welfare reforms enacted in 1996 and related to the war on drugs denied access to cash assistance or food stamps to applicants with recent drug felony convictions. Ex-convicts who had committed more serious offenses such as murder or rape had free access to welfare programs. True or false?

True

When African Americans do receive treatment, they are more likely than other groups to enter public programs through legal and court channels and less likely to complete treatment. True or false?

True

Women average more medical consequences than men. True or false?

True

Women become intoxicated after drinking smaller quantities of alcohol because the alcohol concentration in the blood is higher for women than men after drinking the same amounts of alcohol. True or false?

True

Women gamblers are more likely to be middle aged, divorced or widowed, higher levels of stress and have a lower annual income than males. True or false?

True

Women have reported seeking a temporary escape from painful events and situations as the reason that they started gambling seriously. True or false?

True

Women tend to have a much shorter interval between regular use, onset of drinking-related problems and entry into treatment. True or false?

True

Women were characterized as escape gamblers while men were likely to designated as action gamblers during the early days of problem gambling treatment. True or false?

True

WFS' mission statement states that:

When "Addiction began to overcome stress, loneliness, frustration or emotional deprivation in daily life-dependence often resulted."

Women for Sobriety

Women for Sobriety was founded by the sociologist Jean Kirkpatrick. At the time she had a drinking problem of 29 years. She addresses what she saw as unique issues for women which may be barriers to recovery such as lack of self-esteem, depression, and overwhelming feelings of guilt.

The power of positive thinking is at the center of what program?

Women of Sobriety

Federal penalties of twice the maximum punishment for drug offenses committed within 1000 feet of a school, college, or a playground or within 100 feet of a youth center, swimming pool or video arcade. Is this a drug free zone law?

Yes.