SOCY-1003 Chapter 7

An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year? Select one: a. 100,000 b. 150,000 c. 195,000 d. 200,000

195,000

The term crime can be defined as: Select one: a. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions. b. A harmful action directed at the authorities. c. A sequence of events leading to incarceration. d. An unintended consequence of necessary action.

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.

What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime? Select one: a. A violent crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. b. A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not. c. A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not. d. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.

A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.

The term deviance can be defined as: Select one: a. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring. b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. c. Social reward for the violation of norms. d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where? a. A community where neighbors don't know each other very well b. A neighborhood with mostly elderly citizens c. A city with a large minority population d. A college campus with students who are very competitive

A. A community where neighbors don't know each other very well

Which of the following is an example of corporate crime? a. Embezzlement b. Larceny c. Assault d. Burglary

A. Embezzlement

A student has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students in the class by turning off her phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control. a. Informal negative sanctions b. Informal positive sanctions c. Formal negative sanctions d. Formal positive sanctions

A. Informal negative sanctions

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this? a. The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status. b. The offender has returned to his old neighborhood and so reestablished his former habits. c. The offender has lost the social bonds he made in prison and feels disconnected from society. d. The offender is poor and responding to the different cultural values that exist in his community.

A. The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status

A student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________. a. primary deviance b. positive deviance c. secondary deviance d. master deviance

A. primary deviance

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States? a. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. b. Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before. c. Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax corrections laws. d. Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down.

A. rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing

Strain theory: Select one: a. Argues that morality is based on wealth. b. Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle. c. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals. d. States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.

Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite? a. A war veteran b. A senator c. A professor d. A mechanic

B. A senator

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________. a. An act of social control b. An act of deviance c. A social norm d. Criminal mores

B. An act of deviance.

According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime? a. Because his parents committed similar crimes b. Because his fame protects him from retribution c. Because his fame disconnects him from society d. Because he is challenging socially accepted norms

B. Because his fame protects him from retribution

What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)? a. The NCVS doesn't include demographic data, such as age or gender. b. The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones. c. The NCVS doesn't address the relationship between the criminal and the victim. d. The NCVS only includes information collected by police officers.

B. The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones.

Societies practice social control to maintain ________. a. formal sanctions b. social order c. cultural deviance d. sanction labeling

B. social order

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction? Select one: a. Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS. b. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine. c. Eleanor being given a "Teacher of the Year" award for her work as a high school English teacher. d. Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? Select one: a. Karl Marx b. Carl Sagan c. Émile Durkheim d. C. Wright Mills

C. Wright Mills

One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______. a. deviance b. formal sanctions c. informal sanctions d. positive sanctions

C. informal sanctions

______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant. a. Secondary; does not b. Negative; does c. Primary; does not d. Primary; may or may not

C. primary; does not

Spousal abuse is an example of a ________. a. street crime b. corporate crime c. violent crime d. nonviolent crime

C. violent crime

Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a Ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime? Select one: a. Street crime b. Corporate crime c. Violent crime d. Institutional crime

Corporate crime

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined? a. Deviance is defined by federal, state, and local laws. b. Deviance's definition is determined by one's religion. c. Deviance occurs whenever someone else is harmed by an action. d. Deviance is socially defined.

D. Deviance is socially defined.

Shaw and McKay found that crime is linked primarily to ________. a. power b. master status c. family values d. wealth

D. wealth

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? Select one: a. Differential association theory b. Strain theory c. Labeling theory d. Opaque theory

Differential association theory

Deviance is always considered a crime. Select one: True False

False

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior. Select one: True False

False

Social control is a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law. Select one: True False

False

Sociologist Edwin Sutherland is best known for Strain theory. Select one: True False

False

Sociologist Robert Merton is best known for Differential association theory. Select one: True False

False

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? Select one: a. Strain theory b. Control theory c. Differential association d. Labeling theory

Labeling theory

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System? Select one: a. The police b. The jury c. The courts d. The corrections system

The jury

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a positive formal sanction. Select one: True False

True

Sociologist Travis Hirschi is best known for Control theory. Select one: True False

True

Sociologists Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay are best known for Cultural deviance theory. Select one: True False

True

The term secondary deviance can be defined as: Select one: a. When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations. b. When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. c. When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices. d. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.