SOCY 101 Exam 2

How does an individual come to possess an achieved status?

An achieved status is earned.

How are informal norms different from formal norms?

Informal norms are implicit and unspoken.

Unlike a folkway, a more is closely related to:

The moral elements of a group.

Churches often teach their members rules, often codifying these rules into formal commandments to be followed. In that they are at all successful, churches would be called:

agents of socialization.

The develpment of human culture is likely impossible without?

language

What kind of norm is so deeply ingrained that the very thought of breaking it brings feelings of disgust or horror?

A Taboo

How is a role different from a status?

A role involves behaviors.

In the video we watched about the Biaka people, the man who climbed a 40 meter tree to get honey did it for what reason?

All of the above (·He wanted to feed his family ·He was exhibiting bravery ·He gained esteem among his people ·He was providing a rare nutritional treat to others)

When Patti Sue took her world tour, she had lunch at McDonald's in Tokyo, ate dinner at Hard Rock Cafe in Hong Kong, purchased clothes at Macy's in London, and was entertained at a Disney show featuring Mickey Mouse and Pluto in Paris. This mixing of cultures around the world is called:

Diffusion of culture.

Which of the following sources of socialization, according to professor Plume, is the most influential?

Family

What is the sociological term for signs that people make with their bodies?

Gestures

Which of the following best describes the process of primary socialization?

Learning the basic social skills needed to navigate one's culture/society.

Which of the following statements reflects the understanding of the nature vs. nurture debate?

Nature and nurture are not opposing forces, but constantly modify each other as part of a larger interactive process.

Which part of the mind would Freud have described as being like a "type of conscience that punishes misbehavior with feelings of guilt?"

The Superego

In 2000 the Campbell's Soup Company launched an ad campaign that showed prepubescent boys offering soup to prepubescent girls. The girls declined because they were concerned about their calorie intake, but the boys explained that "lots of Campbell's soups are low in calories," which made them okay for the girls to eat. The ads were pulled after parents expressed concern. Why were parents worried?

The ads taught girls to worry about their weights and negatively affected their body images.

Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal?

They use their own culture as a standard of judgment.

In 2005 the Northwestern University women's lacrosse team won an NCAA championship and was invited to the White House to receive congratulations from the president. Controversy erupted after their visit, when the official photograph revealed that several team members were wearing flip-flops. Despite the outcry, the athletes took the criticism in stride, talking about it on the Today Show and auctioning the offending footwear for charity. Given the reaction and the team's response, what sort of norm did the athletes break by wearing flip-flops to the White House?

a folkway

What do sociologists call rules and guidelines for behavior that is considered acceptable within a group?

all of the above ( laws, folkways, mores, taboos)

Which of the following is NOT considered a central value of American culture?

collectivism

English-speaking people in the United States commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of

cultural diffusion.

Harris has decided to live among the Bunlap people of Pentecost Island. He studies and lives among them for 2 years. He writes a book explaining the ways and lives of the Bunlap. He does this without interfering with their lifestyles and describes their culture as though he was a member of it. In doing this he has practiced:

cultural relativism

The ability to understand another culture in terms of its own norms and values, without reference to any other cultural standards is called:

cultural relativism.

In many cultures the "squat toilet," where one squats rather than sits, is still the most common type of bathroom facility. Americans are often shocked when they encounter these toilets, seeing them as hopelessly disgusting. This attitude is an example of:

ethnocentrism

What is the tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others called?

ethnocentrism

Ultimately, the process of socialization is the mechanism by which each of us ____ _____ to society.

fits in

Recently curators at museums have experienced problems with plastic objects, almost all of which disintegrate over time. The Smithsonian collection contains the first-ever plastic toothbrush, which soon will be nothing more than a pile of crumbs, leading many historians to worry that we will lose the history of our:

material culture.

In America, a married man who has several mistresses is violating a ____________, but if he is married to more than one woman at the same time he is violating a ____________.

more; law

Valerie has been caught cheating on her Sociology exam. The professor decides to have her write a 1,000 word essay on the ethics of not cheating on exams so that she does not receive a zero on the exam and may retake a different version later. Valerie is being taught that her culture does not approve of cheating by experiencing:

negative sanctions

A monetary fine, harsh words, and a raised fist are examples of:

negative sanctions.

Innovation interests sociologists because it

often has continuing effects beyond the initial change.

As children get older, which agent of socialization tends to replace parents as their most intense and immediate influence?

peers

Socialization refers to the:

process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture.

What sorts of things do students learn from the hidden curriculum?

punctuality, neatness, and discipline

Which of the following is NOT one of the four predominant agents of socialization in contemporary society?

religion

How are informal norms enforced in everyday settings?

sanctions

Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys get action figures that encourage active and aggressive play, while girls get dolls and toy ovens that encourage domesticity. This is part of what process?

socialization

A recognized social position that an individual can occupy is known as a:

status

Adult socialization represents our acquistion of and transition between social ________ across our life course

statuses

Babymetal is a Japanese band of three teenage girls who combine metal and Japanese idol music together for a very unique sound. The group and its fans could be considered a:

subculture

Which of the following groups is most likely to be classified as a counterculture?

survivalists living in Montana who believe that the U.S. government and the I.R.S. are illigitimate agencies

Which of the following lists norms in order from the most severely enforced to the least?

taboos, mores, folkways

Here is a quote from Freud, describing a part of the mind as he theorized it: It is the dark, inaccessible part of our personality, what little we know of it we have learnt from our study of the dream-work and of the construction of neurotic symptoms. . . . We all approach [it] with analogies: we call it a chaos, a cauldron full of seething excitations. Which part of the mind was he talking about?

the id

What are the parts of the mind according to Sigmund Freud's system?

the id, the ego, and the superego

In the psychoanalytic theory developed by Sigmund Freud, which component of our personalities is responsible for representing culture within us and serving as the moral component of our personalities?

the superego

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of socialization?

to help regulate injuries to the prefrontal cortex