Soil Pollution ENVS 390

1. cheaper, less dust, less possibility of contaminant release, good for large volumes 2. Slower, doesn't work well in clays or highly layered subsurface

1. 4 advantages of In-Situ Bioremediation 2. 2 Disadvantages of In-Situ Bioremediation

1. growth of plants 2. micro-organisms 3. oxygen

1. Once in the water, agriculture chemicals continue to promote what? 2. The resulting plant detritus is food for? 3. As the population of organisms grows, the supply of ______ in the water is depleted

1. easier to control, treat wider range of contaminants, faster. 2. costly

1. What are 3 advantages of Ex-Situ Bioremediation? 2. What is the disadvantage of Ex-Situ Bioremediation?

1. accidents involving vehicles that are transporting the waste 2. accidents involving vehicles not transporting wastes, but carrying materials like fuel.

2 ways that soil contaminant spills occur: list them 1-2

organic, inorganic, biodegradeable, toxic to animals and humans

3 questions you can ask about the kind of material used to clean up materials. 1. ___________ or __________-? 2. Is the material ______? 3. Is the material _______________________--

waste disposal practices, agricultural practices, spills

3 sources of soil pollution are:

1. temperature 2. water 3. N, P, K 4. C:N 5. organic material 6. oxygen

6 conditions that favor Bioremediation: 1. ________ favorable for organisms 2. _______ availability 3. Nutrients such a (__,__,__) in adequate supply 4. _____ ratio 5. Material added is similar to naturally occurring ______ ________ 6. _____ in sufficient quantity

pollutant

A _______ is sometimes defined as a resource out of place, much like dirt is soil out of place, or a weed is a plant out of place

radioactive

All applications of nuclear technology produce materials that are no longer useful, but _______

bioventing, Biosparging

Biostimulation of In-situ bioremediation occurs in these 2 ways:

slurry

Ex-Situ Bioremediation ________ phase- soil combined with water/additives in tank. Microorganisms, nutrients, and oxygen added

1. Land Farming 2. Soil bio piles 3. Composting

Ex-Situ Bioremediation Solid Phase: 1. ____ _____- soil put on pad, leachate collected 2. ______ ______- soil heaped, air added 3. ________- biodegradable waste mixed with bulking agent

Volatilization

In this process affecting the dissipation of organic chemicals, ___________ is the process whereby a dissolved sample is vaporized

Biostimulation, bioaugmentation

In-Situ Bioremediation relies on these 2 methods:

nitrates, phosphates

Most agricultural chemicals are water-soluble _______ and _________- that are applied to fields, lawns, and gardens to stimulate growth of crops, grasses, and flowers.

1. Kind of Material 2. How much material 3. C:N Ratio 4. Kind of soil 5. growing conditions 6. How long has material been there 7. immediate danger to people and the environment

Soil Pollution Information needed to clean up materials added to soil include these 7 things: List them 1-7

regulations, sources

Soil pollution has solutions through ______ on _________

soil degradation, natural cleansing process

The 3 sources of soil pollution produce surface pollutants that pass through the unsaturated soil causing _____ ________ but act as a ______ ______ ______ for ground water.

unsaturated

The 3 sources of soil pollution produce surface pollutants which pass through the ________ soil.

Bioaugmentation

This process of In-Situ Bioremediation, ___________, inoculates the soil with microbes

soil pollution, decomposition

What 2 questions can you ask about "How long has the material been on the site"? 1. Is there evidence of _________ __________? 2. Is it undergoing _________?

sediment, acidification, toxic elements, toxic chemicals, litter

What are 5 soil pollutants?

N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg

What are 6 nutrients often found in animal waste besides water.

slurry phase, solid phase

What are the 2 phases of Ex-Situ Bioremediation?

1. cleaner processes 2. waste exchange programs 3. reduce demand for consumer goods

What are the 3 solutions to the problem of hazardous waste to reduce production? list them 1-3

solid wastes, liquid wastes, nuclear wastes, gaseous wastes

What are the 4 industrial wastes that contribute to soil pollution?

livestock wastes, plant residues, fertilizers, pesticides, aerosols

What are the 5 agricultural wastes sources of soil pollution?

cover crop, time tillage, manage habitats at the edge of fields, choose pesticides based on non-target organisms, choose compost or manure

What are the 5 biocontrol methods for avoiding the use of chemicals?

death, brain damage, hearing loss, behavior problems, cancer, genetic mutations, birth defects

What are the 7 effects of hazardous waste contamination on humans includes these symptoms

Will it overload the organisms in the soil?

What question can you ask about "How much material was added to the soil to clean up other materials?

1. pollutant might be washed away by precipitation, causing little to no harm 2. the pollutant, if volatile, could evaporate which causes little harm to the soil, but might become a source of air pollution. 3. pollutant could infiltrate through the unsaturated soil

When a liquid pollutant is on or just below the ground surface these 3 things can happen: list them 1-3

increases

When soil pH increases, absorption of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) _______

Bioventing

_ injects air/nutrients into the unsaturated zone- good for midweight petroleum, jet fuel

soil pollution

_____ _______ is defined as the introduction of substances, biological organisms, or energy into the soil, resulting in a change in soil quality, which is likely to affect the normal use of the soil or endangering public health and the environment.

Biosparging

______ injects air/nutrients into unsaturated and saturated zones

Bioremediation

______ is a treatment process that uses microorganisms (yeast, fungi, bacteria) to break down or degrade hazardous substances into less toxic substances such as CO2 and H2O

hazardous waste

_______ _______ includes any toxic material whose disposal can endanger people or the environment

pollution

__________ is a contamination that makes things unclean or impure

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

_____________ is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.

solid wastes, liquid wastes, rural home wastes, litter

what are the 4 people-related soil pollution sources?