Soils Chapter 7

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An epipedon

Is a surface horizon

A soil pedon is ____.

a three-dimensional unit that embodies the primary characteristics of an individual soil

Means low base saturation (nutrient poor)

dystr

Refers to the particle size

fine-loamy

Investigating the soils of northern Canada in summer, you dig a soil pit easily though fairly uniform peat material until, at 75 cm deep, your shovel hits a layer that is frozen solid. Into which type of soil are you most likely digging?

Cryent

Aridic in a soil name means

Dry

In which soil orders would recent alluvium most likely be a common parent material?

Entisols

Soils classified as Inceptisols have the least well developed profiles of those in any order in the Soil Taxonomy system.

False

arg is a formative element in the U.S. Comprehensive Soil Classification System that means

Has a Bt horizon

Consider an entisol

Is a recently formed soil with little profile development

A polypedon or individual soil is a group of closely related pedons that conceptually approximates what in the United States is called a soil series.

True

An argillic horizon is a diagnostic horizon characterized by the subsurface accumulation of silicate clays.

True

You would be more apt to find a Gelisol in Alaska than in Iowa.

True

A thick surface soil horizon that is dark colored and has a low base saturation is most likely to be a(n)

Umbric epipedon

Refers to the soil temperature

mesic

A horizon that is a light colored E horizon is most likely to be a(n)

Albic horizon

An illuvial clay horizon is most likely to be a(n)

Argillic horizon

In soils of which great group would you most likely find wide surface cracks during periods of dry weather?

Calciusterts

Soils in which of the following suborders would be more likely to occur in Minnesota than in Texas?

Cryolls

A pedon is a 3 dimensional field unit occupying about 1000 square meters (1 hectare) of land area.

False

Epipedons are diagnostic subsurface horizons that are one of the primary means of classifying soils in the United States.

False

For agricultural use in a given region, a soil with an ochric epipedon could generally be expected to be more productive than one with a mollic epipedon.

False

Soil Taxonomy, the classification system used in the United States, was developed by C. E. Marbut and associates in the 1940s.

False

Spodosols are generally less acidic and less sandy than are Alfisols

False

The categories of Soil Taxonomy can be listed from the broadest (first) and most specific (last) as: order, suborder, great group, subgroup, series, family.

False

A brittle horizon is most likely to be a(n)

Fragipan

Consider a spodosol

Has a spodic horizon

alb is a formative element in the U.S. Comprehensive Soil Classification System that means

Has an albic horizon

A horizon that is organic with a very low density is most likely to be a(n)

Histic epipedon

Consider an inceptisol

Is embryonic with few diagnostic features

fluv is a formative element in the U.S. Comprehensive Soil Classification System that means

Is from flowing water

sapr is a formative element in the U.S. Comprehensive Soil Classification System that means

Is in most decomposed stage

xer is a formative element in the U.S. Comprehensive Soil Classification System that means

Is of a dry environment

ud is a formative element in the U.S. Comprehensive Soil Classification System that means

Is of a humid environment

Which of the following soil temperature regimes would provide the warmest and least variable soil temperatures?

Isohyperthermic

Consider an alfisol

Many have an argillic horizon

Aquic in a soil name means

Means wet

A surface horizon that is thick, dark colored, and has high base saturation is most likely to be a(n)

Mollic epipedon

A soil sample from an A horizon in W. MI. with a bulk density of 1.33 Mg/m3 is

Possibly from a cultivated soil

psamm is a formative element in the U.S. Comprehensive Soil Classification System that means

Sandy

Soils in this order are commonly sandy in texture, quite acidic and develop primarily under coniferous trees in cool to cold climates

Spodosols

The nomenclature of Soil Taxonomy is characterized by all but which one of the following statements?

The names give a clear indication of the modes of genesis of the soil.

An aquic soil moisture regime connotes a higher degree of soil moisture saturation than an ustic one.

True

Histosols generally have higher organic matter contents than Mollisols.

True

Mollisols are characterized by a thick epipedon that is high in organic matter.

True

Oxisols are more highly weathered than are the soils of any other order.

True

The broadest category of classification in Soil Taxonomy specifies 12 soil orders, 11 of which are for mineral soils.

True

The name of a great group also indicates the order and suborder of which it is a member.

True

The two most significant characteristics of the classification system used in the United States are a unique system of terminology and focus on measurable soil properties as a primary basis for the classification.

True

Vertisols are characterized by high contents of swelling-type silicate clays.

True

Argillic horizons are characterized by ___.

accumulation of silicate clays

This formative element refers to the ratio of CEC to %clay

active

Which of the following diagnostic horizons would likely not restrict root growth in soils?

albic

Which soil moisture regime has the highest soil moisture levels?

aquic

Means high base saturation (nutrient rich)

eutr

Means minimum horizon development

hapl

Refers to the mineralogy of the soil

mixed

Which of the following subsurface diagnostic horizons would you expect to find in a highly weathered soil of the humid tropics?

oxic

Which of the following categories of Soil Taxonomy provides the greatest specificity of soil properties?

series

A soil has a thick black A horizon, a distinct B horizon, has reasonably stable soil structure, and was formed under grassland natural vegetation. In which suborder is it most likely classed?

udolls


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