Solar System + The Universe

What is dark matter?

An unknown substance which holds galaxies together, but doesn't emit any electromagnetic radiation.

Compare and contrast asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.

Asteroids are small mostly rocky bodies. Meteoroids are chunks of rock or dust smaller than asteroids. Comets are loose balls of ice and rock.

Explain why our sun is classified as a sequence star?

Because our sun is one of the main stars and it goes in a sequence in our solar system.

This diagram illustrates how astronomers theorize that the universe began and will continue. How does the idea of an expanding universe support the big bang theory?

Because the big bang theory thinks the world is still expanding.

Why do you think spacecraft that carry instruments to collect data about objects in space are called probes.

Because they gather info just like probes.

The star Procyon B has a surface temperature of 7,500 k and a low absolute brightness. What type of star is it?

It is a Yellowish orange star.

Our sun is an average sized star yet it appears brighter than others we can see. Explain why?

It is brighter because it is closer and we revolve around the sun.

Which of the following will the sun eventually become: a white dwarf, neutron, star, or a black hole? Explain.

It will eventually become a white dwarf because all the outer layers will drift off but the inner layer will stay and turn into a white dwarf.

Will our Sun become a black hole?

No because the sun is not big enough to become a black hole instead it will cast off its outer layers and the inner core will become a dwarf planet.

Explain why you think the solar system could or could not have formed without gravity.

No i dont think it can form without gravity because they would just fall because they are floating with gravity.

What is responsible for the intense heat and pressure in the suns core.

Nuclear fusion.

Space probe mission stage 4

Robot examining mars

Space probe mission stage 2

Satellite taking pictures of mars

What is the reason astronomers choose to write the measurements of the universe in scientific notation?

Scientific notation is a system for writing and working with numbers that makes it much easier to deal with numbers that are very small or very large.

Describe the formation of the solar system.

Scientists think the solar system formed at minimum of 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice, and other materials.

A scientist is studying an unknown liquid in her lab. Describe a test that she could conduct to analyze the property of the liquid.

She could take a drop of the liquid and put it in other chemicals to see how it reacts.

Why are radio telescopes so large?

So they can pick up a lot of sound from the radio.

When prominences join they cause sunspots or solar flares?

Solar Flares

Space probe mission stage 3

Space shuttle dropping on mars

How are stars, star systems, star clusters, and galaxies related?

Star systems have groups of 2 star clusters have larger groups a galaxy is a group of single stars.

Stars x and y are both bluish main sequence stars. Star x has a higher absolute brightness than star y. How do their temperatures compare. Explain your answer.

Star x has a higher temperature because it is brighter.

What are some objects you see.

Stars and constellation.

Describe any patterns you observe in the development of space exploration.

Technology keeps advancing through out the years.

A stars surface temperature determines its color. Look at the two stars in figure 2. Use the info in the table to determine which of those two stars has the greater surface temperature. How much hotter is it than the other star.

The blue star is colder it is about 50000 k colder than the orange star.

Wavelength

The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave

Electromagnetic Radiation

The energy transferred through space by electromagnetic waves.

What is the relationship between a planets distance from the sun and the length of its year. Explain?

The four outer planets are farther from the sun, very large, and made mostly of gas and planets day is the time it takes to rotate on its axis. A planets year is the time it takes to orbit the sun.

What does it mean when images in a book complement the text?

The image in the book goes with the text.

Use the info in the text to write a caption for the top left image in figure 8.

The image show in the top left of figure 8 is how the universe spins and looks.

How do the inner and outer planets differ.

The inner planets are hotter because they are closer to the sun. The outer planets are colder because they are farther away from the sun.

What do the curved lines in the illustration represent? How can you tell.

The orbits of the planets the lines seem to curve around the sun

Spectrum

The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

How does the size of the sun compare to the sizes of the planets.

The sun is way bigger than all the other planets.

big bang

The universe then exploded in what has been called the big bang.

What are the four types of galaxies.

spiral galaxies, lenticular galaxies, elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies.

Telescope

An optical instrument that forms enlarged images of distant objects.

Based on what astronomers know how old is our universe?

13.8 billion years old.

The speed of light is 3.0 x 10exp8 m/s when expressed in scientific notation. How would you express this in real numbers?

300,000,000 m/s

Jupiter the largest planet in our solar system is about 630,000,000 km from Earth. About how many AU is Jupiter from earth.

4.20AU

protostar

A contracting cloud of gas and dust with enough mass to form a star

supernova

A gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space

Galaxy

A huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

planet

A large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce light of its own

Nebula

A large cloud of dust and gas in space

moon

A natural satellite that revolves around a planet.

white dwarf

A small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star

Describe how a stars lifespan is related to its size.

A stars lifespan depends on its mass so if the star is bigger it will have more mass so it will survive longer.

sun

A typical star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system.

astronomical unit

A unit of length used for distances within the solar system

Universe

All of space and everything in it

Examine the data about each planet. What patterns do you observe.

All the planets have a mass a equatorial diameter and Orbital Period.

As you read look for ways that a nebula and a protostar are similar and different.

Both a nebula and a protostar are clouds of dust and gas. A nebula contains a lot of volume protostar contains a lot of mass.

meteoroids

Chunks of rock or dust from space

What are 3 properties scientist use to describe stars.

Color, Temperature, and Size.

visible light

Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye

How does hubbles law support the big bang theory.

Hubble's law shows the mathematical relationship between the distance from the earth and rate of expansion observed.

The term feature can be used to mean a trait or characteristic. What are some features of the mode of transportation you use to get to school each day.

I got to school in a car it has 4 doors 5 seats 4 windows and 4 wheels.

What are some challenges that you think scientists face when trying to study other galaxies?

I think some challenges are it is hard to detect the galaxies on the radio because it is so far away.

Explain your prediction.

I think the blue star will survive longer because it is bigger and has more mass.

Which space technology used today contributes the most to our understanding of distant stars? Explain your answer.

I think the satellite helps the most because it shows space from in the galaxy and can zoom into the planets to see closer.

Based on what you see, how do you think scientist measure the distances between objects in space?

I think they measure them from the motion they have in the sky.

how can astronomers detect a binary star if only one of the two stars is visible from earth.

If two stars are orbiting each other they will both produce a spectrum.

Space probe mission stage 1

Probe taking off into space

Contrast the electromagnetic radiation used by radio telescopes and optical telescopes.

Radio telescopes detect radio waves from space. Optical telescopes collect and focus light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation

New stars are forming a part of space known as NGC 346. Explain what is occurring there and the role gravity plays in the formation of these stars.

They are forming from collapsed gas clouds gravity is pulling the gas into each other which is making them form.

Why do astronomers rely on different types of telescopes?

They rely on different telescopes because all telescopes are different and do different things.

How do you think astronomers took this image.

They used a satellite in space to take the image.

List all objects you can identify

Venus, mars, neptune, uranus, sun, earth, moon, saturn, jupiter, stars, and mercury.

Identify a spacecraft operated by human beings and describe how it helped add to our knowledge of space.

Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were probes operated by humans it helped because it made us be able to see more on space and learn more about space.

The friend uses an analogy of raisins in rising bread dough to describe galaxies in the expanding universe. Is your friend correct? Explain.

Yes. Because As the bread rises and expands the raisins move farther away from each other but they are still stuck in the dough.

asteroid

are small mostly rocky bodies many of which are found in an area between the orbits of mars and Jupiter.

Why do you think the Orion Nebula is called a stellar nursery.

because the clouds of gas and dust condense to form baby stars.

apparent brightness

its brightness as seen from Earth

absolute brightness

the brightness a star would have if it were at a standard distance from earth

Solar System

the collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. The planets of the solar system are (in order of distance from the sun) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

light year

the distance light travels in one year

What difficulties did scientists have when they tried to determine the size of the universe? Explain some ways you can determine the size of something.

there was great difficulty in determining the exact moment of contact of the disk of the Sun and the disk of Venus. You can measure distance with a yard stick or ruler or a measuring tape.