Solutions- Unit 7 Chem Test
Solubility
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
unsaturated solution
A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute
Miscible liquids
Describes two liquids that are soluble in each other. Completely dissolve and in each other
What does an unsaturated solution look like
There are no solid particles and varying numbers of dissolved particles
Why does grinding speed up dissolving process
There is more surface area for the solvent to attack.
What could we do to increase the amount of sugar that dissolves in water? Why
We could stir it. This would ensure that the new solvent molecules are constantly in touch with the solute
Where is the unsaturated point on the graph
below the line
Where is saturated point on the graph
on the line
ocean water is a ______ in which the ______ is salt and the _______ solvent is water
solution, soul, solvent
specific heat capacity
the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
Because of solubility....
there is a limit of the amount of solute that can dissolve in a. given solvent
Why is water the universal solvent?
its polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules
Substacnes with low specific heat capacity need
low energy to change temperature
When an covalent solvent dissolves, it separates into individual
molecules
molarity
moles of solute/liters of solution
What if a solute dissolves in a solvent and they're already the same state of matter?
The substance present in greater quantity is considered to be the solvent
solvent
The substance that the solute dissolves in.
Why does heating speed up dissolving process
increases kinetic energy of solvent and the solute is attacked faster by the solvent molecules
What does an saturated solution look like
Because it has reached the saturation point, if more solute is added it won't be able to dissolve. There are solid (dissolved) particles or none (because the solution is perfectly at the saturation point). There are the same number of dissolved particles
Gasses in solutions
Free to move around- seperated particles. Temperature affects its solubility. The colder, the higher the solubility l
How to identity a clear solution as saturated or unsaturated
If more solute is added and it does not dissolve, then the original solution was saturated. If the added solute dissolves, then the original solution was unsaturated
Why does stirring speed up dissolving process?
increases the interaction between the solute and solvent molecules
Immiscible
Liquids that can't mix together. Don't make a solution
Iiquid in solutions
Not as free and not influenced that much by temperature and pressure. They don't compress. Can be miscible or immiscible
Why are some liquids miscible and some immiscible
Polarity. Water is universal solvent because it is polar and has an unequal distribution
What molecule is the most soluble in water
The most polar or highest difference in electronegativity.
What happens when a solute dissolves in a solvent (EX)
The solute changes to the same state as the solvent. When salt dissolves in liquid water, it becomes part of the liquid solution, saltwater.
When an ionic solvent dissolves, it separates into individual
ions
saturated solution
a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature
where is the super-saturated point on the graph
above the line
Polar
describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are separated
Non polar
equal sharing of electrons. Same element, molecules containing only C and H, same electronegarictiy
Three ways to speed up the dissolving process
heating stirring and grinding
concentration
how much solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution.
