Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

common symptoms of conversion disorder

paralysis, aphonia (loss of voice), blindness, tunnel vision, tics, anosmia (loss of smell)

What is factitious disorder imposed on another?

people create or fake illnesses in living thinhs in their lives to gain attention for themselves

Some researchers are concerned that the criteria for diagnosing somatic symptom d/o and illness anxiety d/o lump too many different syndromes together, and risk mislabelling ____ as mental illness

physical illness

symptoms of dissociative identity disorder

presence of alters, amnesia, discontinuity in sense of self and agency, alterations in affect, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and sensory-motor functioning

When a woman believes she is pregnant but physical examination and laboratory tests show negative results this syndrome is called _____.

pseudocyesis

How is somatic symptom disorder different from factious disorder imposed on otheres

the person fake or create illnesses on other living things for attention for themselves

Many courts deny the use of hypnosis in the case of dissociative amnesia because of the possibility that:

Hypnosis will "create memories through the power of suggestion

Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder, functional neurological symptom disorder ?

Impaired connectivity between sensory or motor areas of the brain is likely to cause conversion disorder

What are some of the issues in diagnosing DID?

It was often misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. People with DID are often diagnosed with at least three other disorders, and other disorders diagnosed may be the result of DID.

Jan has a history of drinking heavily before going to bed. His family accuses him of kicking the dog, breaking several dishes, and being verbally abusive on several occasions. Jan recalls none of these incidents and soon begins to forget personal information as well. Jan's memory loss is most likely related to

Korsakoff's syndrome

Studies of refugees who fled to the United States found that these groups often had:

PTSD and somatic symptom d/o

Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings are typical of individuals diagnosed with

depersonalization/derealization disorder

what technique is heavily used to contact alters in the case of DID?

hypnosis

What is factitious disorder imposed on self?

self-faking an illness to gain attention

Conversion disorder is usually characterized by

sensory and motor deficits

Which of the following is a reason an individual may develop DID?

As a strategy to cope with traumas

Which of the following is the most common contributor to dissociative identity disorder? A. Genetic predisposition to the disorder B. Chronic physical or sexual abuse during childhood C. Low socioeconomic family status D. Presence of several other mental disorders

B. Chronic physical or sexual abuse during childhood

______ treatments for conversion disorder focus on relieving the person's anxiety around the inital trauma that caused the conversion symptoms and on reducing any benefits that person is receiving from the conversion symptoms

Behavioral

Which of the following has been linked by research to somatic symptom disorder?

Childhood physical and sexual abuse

Which of the following statements is true of somatic symptom disorder in the U.S.? : A. children rarely complain of somatic symptoms B. Adolescents are the most common group to be diagnosed with the disorder C. Middle-aged adults are more likely to report somatic symptoms than older adults D. Older adults are more likely to report multiple somatic symptoms than middle-aged adults

D. Older adults are more likely to report multiple somatic symptoms than middle-aged adults

Which of the following statements is true of psychogenic amnesia? A. it often involves anterograde amnesia B. it typically involves the inability to remember new information C. it involves a generalized loss of memory for the past D. it involves memory loss that is limited to personal information

D. it involves memory loss that is limited to personal information

The main difference between dissociative amnesia with versus without without the specification of dissociative fugue is that?

People with dissociative fugue typically leave home and create a new life for themselves in another area, which people with dissociative amnesia do not take flight and create new identities

Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder?

The conversion symptom develops after a trauma or psychological stressor

why was DID not diagnosed before 1980?

There was no such category in the DSM-II

Which of the following is true about dissociative fugue diagnoses?

They are very rare

In which of the following countries is dissociative identity disorder diagnosed most frequently

United States

A person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder may have several alters. an alter is an

alternate personality

Dissociative symptoms may be part of the syndrome of _____, a culturally acceoted reaction to stress among latinos

ataque de nervios

What is organic amnesia is caused by brain injury?

brain injury

What is organic amnesia?

brain injury resulting from disease, drugs, or surgery; may involve anterograde amnesia

People with conversion disorder:

can be difficult to treat because they cannot believe the ailment is psychological

Freyd and colleagues (2007) suggest that individuals who dissociate from, and forget, their abusive experiences are most likely to perform differently from other individuals on _____ that require divided attention.

cognitive tasks

Lorna found her husband dead in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After this incident, Lorna has been unable to see. Most likely Lorna is exhibiting a symptom of _____ disorder.

conversion

Janet has been diagnosed with dissociative fugue. She is typically liekly to

experience autobiographical memory loss

depersonalization/derealization disorder is charaterized by

experiences in which the person feels detached from his/her mental processes, body, or surroundings

Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a

factitious disorder imposed on another

Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered their somatization symptoms?

psychodynamic

Ananya has dementia. It is becoming increasingly difficult for to remember her past. Sometimes she forgets her children's names. Ananya's amnesia would be categorized as

retrograde

When people with dissociate identity disorder report hearing voices talking inside their heads, they may be misdiagnosed as having

schizophrenia

Marcus spends a lot of time at his doctor's clinic to deal with the pain in his abdomen. He has had several gastrointestinal tests as well as other diagnostic tests taken, but the doctors can find nothing to explain his pain. He spends much time worrying his mystery pain is something serious. Marcus is most likely experiencing a(n) ______ disorder.

somatic symptom

The active mode in Hilgard's study referred to:

the conscious state of mind that includes a person's conscious plans and desires and voluntary actions.

What is dissociative amnesia?

the inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by forgetfulness

Which of the following are the diagnostic criteria for conversion disorder?

At least one symptom of altered motor or sensory function that is not due to recognized neurological disorder

Which of the following somatic symptom disorders is considered to be the most dramatic due to symptoms like blindness, seizures, loss of hearing, and mutism?

Conversion disorder

A dissociate fugue may last for ____ or ____

days; years

The inability to remember information from the past is known as ______ amnesia

retrograde

Amnesia is frequently seen in murder cases with _____ percent of people arrested for homicide claiming to have amnesia.

25-45

DSM-5 has added the words ____ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criteria more applicable to diverse cultural groups and to identify a common presentation of DID in non-Western cultures as well as subgroups in Western cultures.

"or an experience of possession"

What is dissociative identity disorder?

A disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently control the individuals behavior.

What is the sociocognitive model of DID?

Alternate identities are creased by patients who adopt the idea or narrative of DID as an explanation that fits their lives

According the Freud's explanation of the conversion disorder, which of the following best describes secondary gain: A. the reduction in anxiety as a result of repressed emotions being released physically B. The attention and sympathy recieved as a result of the symptom complaints C. The lack of concern or distress in the wake of a traumatic event D. The hysteria that comes with the repression of agonizing memories

B. The attention and sympathy recieved as a result of the symptom complaints

Which of the following individuals is most likely to recieve a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder? A. Shiloh makes repetitive strange utterances and movements as if in a trance B. Jack often wanders away from his home and returns home when he chooses to C. Ellen appears to have alternate personalities that are extremely different from each other D. Ronald often inflicts self-injuries consciously and turns up at hospitals

C. Ellen appears to have alternate personalities that are extremely different from each other

Which of the following statements is true of the somatic symptom disorder? A. Posttraumatic stress disorder is unlikely to lead to somatic symptom disorder B. Somatic symptom disorder is not accompanied by physical symptoms such as aches or pain C. Studies have shown that changes in the symptoms of people with somatic symptoms disorder mirror their emotional well-being D. A loss of functioning in a part of the body can be the person's only complaint in somatic symptom disorder

C. Studies have shown that changes in the symptoms of people with somatic symptoms disorder mirror their emotional well-being

Which of the following represents one of the difficulties in diagnosing somatic symptom disorder? A. The person is usually unaware of physical symptoms of an ailment B. The person has difficulty pinpointing the physical discomfort C. The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect D. The person does not consciously produce or control the symptoms

C. The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect

People with conversion disorder? A. Are typically physically challenged from birth B. Tend to assume that serious illness are uncommoon C. Have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function D. are not usually prone to chronic depression and anxiety

C. have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function

Which of the following disorder may appear similar in their presentation? A. Somatic symptom disorder and dissociative indentity disorder B. Somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder C. Somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder D. Somatic symptom disorder and body dysmorphic disorder

C. somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder

What are some of the reasons for cross-national differences in the diagnosis rates of DID?

Diagnosis is more common in the U.S., latinos are more likely to experience symptoms. Some researchers argue that doctors in the U.S. are too quick to diagnosis DID, with others argue that doctors in other countries misdiagnose it as another disorder

Which of the following is a treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder?

Helping the client work through the trauma to integrate all the alternative personalities into one coherent personality

Are researchers clear that somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder are distinct disorders?

No they are not. researchers worry that the criteria to define each are too broad, lumping together too many different syndromes, and risk mislabeling physical illness as mental illness.

People diagnosed with somatic disorder frequently have periods of all of the following EXCEPT

Psychotic disorder

What charaterizes a dissociative fugue?

Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one's customary place of work, accompanied by an inability to recall one's past and confusion about their identity or the assumption of a new identity. when memories return they may return to their previous identity and home, resuming their life as if nothing happened with no memory of what they did during fugue.

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for illness anxiety disorder?

The individual must perform excessive health related behaviors

Freud and his contemporaries viewed conversion symptoms as results of:

The transfer of psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories to physical symptoms

Which of the following statements is true regarding somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder?

They are new to the DSM-5

In Hilgard's study on the "hidden observer" phenomenon, he argued that there are two modes of consciousness: the ______ mode and the _____ mode

active; receptive

In the treatment of somatic symptom disorder, ______ therapies attempt to determine and eliminate the reinforcements individuals receive for their symptoms, while increasing positive rewards for healthy behavior.

behavioral

To test how easy it is to create a false memory, Loftus designed a series of studies around _____.

being lost at the mall

Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders are considered by some theorists to be the result of a psychological process known as _____, in which different parts of an individual's indentity, memories, or consciousness split from one another

dissociation

Repressed memories represent a form of

dissociative amnesia

what dissociative d/o is characterized by a person developing one or more distinct personalities?

dissociative identity disorder

Candice faked her symptoms to gain medical attention. She exaggerated her symptoms to the point that exploratory surgery was conducted. Candice most likely has a _____.

factitious disorder imposed on self

Korsakoff's syndrome is characterized by

global retrograde amnesia associated with severe alcohol consumption.

Jaclyn has been complaining for several weeks that she has lost all feeling in her right hand. Her physical exam revealed no nerve damage. However, Jaclyn insists that something is wrong because she feels as though she has on a tight glove. Jaclyn is mostly experiencing _____ associated with _____ disorder.

glove; conversion disorder

Vickianna's doctor is trying to distinguish between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. According to the DSM-5, to make the distinction he should be determine if Vickianna _____.

has physical symptoms

_____ was formerly known as hypochondriasis (without physical symptoms)

illness anxiety disorder

How is somatic symptom disorder different from conversion disorder

in conversion disorder people lose neurological functioning with no known medical cause

How is somatic symptom disorder different from factious disorder imposed on self

in factious disorder imposed on self the person is faking an illness to gain medical attention, there are no real physical symptoms

What is somatic symptom disorder

includes physical symptoms with no organic cause to fully account for the symptoms

What is the goal of the treatment of DID?

integration of the identities and helping the patient rebuild the capacity for coping with distress and trusting healthy relationships

In the case of DID, patients who are able to integrate their personalities are

more likely to remain relatively free from the symptoms and reduce medication

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as _____ disorder

multiple personality

psychogenic amnesia

psychological causes, rarely involves anterograde amnesia, may involve retrograde amnesia.

Sherry believes that she has a serious illness. She has had severe headaches and tremors for several days with no relief from traditional over-the-counter medicines. Her visit to the doctor revealed no organic reason for the headaches. Unsatisfied with the results, she goes to several other medical professionals for treatment. Sherry is most likely suffering from a(n) _____.

somatic symptom

The ______ disorders are a group of disorder in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause

somatic symptom

The ______ disorders are a group of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause

somatic symptom

How is somatic symptom disorder different from illness anxiety disorder

somatic symptom disorder has actual physical symptoms. illness anxiety disorder is the preoccupation with the POSSIBILITY of having or acquiring an illness, symptoms are not present and if they are they are minimal, the preoccupation is clearly excessive and disproportionate.

When retrograde amnesia is due to organic causes, people will typically remember

their personal identities

How did the psychoanalytic theory interpret conversion disorder?

tranference of psychic energy attached to represses emotions or memories into physical symptoms

What is conversion disorder?

unexplained symptoms or deficits that affect voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological condition or other medical condition.