SOP 2770 Final

Which of the following statements is true?

"Sex" refers to biological characteristics, whereas "gender" is the social construction of femininity and masculinity.

As an elementary teacher, Ms. Smith's child abuse prevention program will most likely include ________.

"good touch" and "bad touch" awareness

In Erica's health class, she learned that the incubation period for hepatitis B is ________.

1 to 4 months

How many new cases of STIs are diagnosed in the United States each year?

20 million

Approximately ________ of men report being the victim of rape or attempted rape at some point in their lifetime compared to approximately ________ of women.

3%; 20%

According to a national survey conducted in the 1990s, what percentage of people reported at least one sexual problem lasting at least one month?

3-33 percent

Suzie feels pleasure when she stimulates her vulva area. Her parents are concerned that she might be masturbating and even capable of having an orgasm. Beginning at what age range would children understand this activity to be pleasurable?

3-4

If Tony is like most preschool children in the U.S., he watches TV an average of ________ per week.

30 hours

Mike is taking a health class his senior year. Mike found out that ________ of 14-17- year-olds reported not using a condom during their last 10 instances of intercourse.

42%

Most doctors and midwives recommend waiting at least ________ after birth to have intercourse.

6 weeks

Matt and Monica have been trying to get pregnant for two years. No wonder it is so difficult! They just found out that the average couple is fertile for only about ________ each month.

6-7 days

Sperm cells that are beginning to develop in a man's testicles today will not be ready to be ejaculated and able to fertilize an ovum for approximately ________ days.

68-72

At least how many strains of hepatitis are found in humans?

7

Looking around the annual Halloween party, the teacher notes that, just like last year, ________ of Halloween costumes are gender-appropriate.

90%

Although HIV is not a "gay disease," gay people are discriminated against based on irrational and misinformed beliefs about the illness; this form of discrimination has become known as ________.

AIDS stigma

____________ focus(es) on social relationships, while ______ focus(es) on the biological and physical changes that a young person goes through as part of development.

Adolescence; puberty

Sophia is surprised to learn that a high percentage of new HIV infections are among people of her race/ethnicity. In fact, approximately 50 percent of new cases of HIV are among ________.

African Americans

________ states now provide for criminal penalties for rape within marriage.

All 50

Juan and George are a gay couple and would like to adopt a child. All of the following statements would be true of their experiences in the United States expect for which one?

Because they are both men, they will only be allowed to adopt a male child.

________ are hospital-like facilities with basic medical care equipment that feature a home-like setting, and have as their primary focus a natural, family-centered approach to the birth process.

Birthing centers

________ involves the insertion of a small tube through the cervix and into the uterus to obtain a placental tissue sample.

Chorionic villus sampling

The ________ refers to Freud's theory, which states that between the ages of 3 and 4, all girls develop unconscious sexual urges toward their fathers; a notion explaining how young girls come to eventually identify with their mothers.

Electra complex

According to the text, where does the marital rape "double standard" come from?

English common law, in which the wife was seen as the property of her husband

Which of the following reflects myths and misconceptions about gay and lesbian relationships?

Gay and lesbian relationships are more likely to be unhappy and dysfunctional than heterosexual relationships.

________ refers to children's understanding that a person's gender stays the same even if the person violates expected and traditional sex role behaviors.

Gender constancy

_____ refers to stress or discomfort stemming from the self-knowledge that one's biological sex does not conform to his or her personal gender identity.

Gender dysphoria

_____ comprise(s) a set of behaviors, attitudes and emotions that are generally socially expected for men and women in a given culture.

Gender roles

Tommy's elementary school teacher was pleased to discover that he knew that the virus that causes AIDS is called ________.

HIV

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is a pandemic?

HIV

What does the current research say about the transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2?

Herpes is transmissible whether or not sores are present

In an attempt to get pregnant, Jasmine had a procedure that involved inserting a small tube through her cervix and injecting sperm directly into her uterus. This reproductive technology is known as ________.

IUI

Your human sexuality class has been discussing HIV. Another student raises his hand and says to the professor, "I'm confused. How can you say that HIV antibodies are found in oral fluids, yet saliva does not transmit HIV?" As a student, you have read extensively on the subject for your research paper. What can you add to the class discussion to provide clarification to this student?

In general, there is not an adequate amount of the virus in saliva to be transmissible.

Jane identifies as a lesbian. If Jane's college experience is like that of many other gay, lesbian, and bisexual students, which of the following statements would be least likely to be true?

It is an easy transition and a big relief.

Which of the following statements is true of the exotic becomes erotic (EBE) theory of sexual orientation developed by Daryl Bem?

It suggests that gay men and lesbians are more likely to have gender-nonconforming behaviors in childhood.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be labelled transgendered?

Jo, who is a biological male who perceives herself as female, and is uncomfortable with her male sexual body and society's expectations that she "behave like a man"

The text highlighted several explanations as to why there has been slow passage of anti-discrimination laws regarding sexual orientation in the United States. Which of the following is an explanation?

Legally naming nonheterosexuals as a "protected class" of people in the same vein as members of a particular race or sex is a political hot potato and emotionally charged debate.

Anthony learns that the suggestion that sexual orientation may have a biological basis can be seen in studies that show which of the following?

Lesbians and gays are more likely to be left-handed.

Sarah is being very conscientious about minimizing her risks for STIs. She is following many of the suggestions given to her by a sexuality educator. What other suggestion would you make to her?

Limit your number of sexual partners.

When it comes to talking to their children about sex, why is there a gap between what parents believe they ought to do and what they really do?

Many parents are unsure that they have sufficient and accurate information.

According to the text, the work of _______ in the early 1960s revolutionized our understanding of sexual anatomy and sexual responding.

Masters and Johnson

Which of the following researchers wrote Human Sexual Inadequacy?

Masters and Johnson

The ________ refers to Freud's theory, which states that between the ages of 3 and 4, all boys develop unconscious sexual urges toward their mothers.

Oedipus complex

Which of the following are findings based on the research on gender messages and TV shows?

On TV shows, men are usually more dominant than women in male-female relationships.

Jeff is conducting a literature review on the research on genetics and sexual orientation. He would find which of the following statements are supported by research?

Over the past 30 years, research methods have become more sophisticated, allowing researchers to tease apart the forces of environment and genes.

________ is a psychological disorder in which a person experiences uncontrollable sexual compulsions involving children.

Pedophilia

Which of the following statements reflects how gender understandings are embedded in our perceptions of the world?

People use their understanding of gender differences to predict a great deal about a person's behavior.

_________________ is an infection of the throat, which is more likely to be contracted when a person performs fellatio on a man.

Pharyngeal gonorrhea

Jim and Jenny are teenagers. They have been talking about having oral sex instead of sexual intercourse because they do not want to become parents. What information about oral sex should you share with these teens?

STIs can be spread through oral sex.

________ is commonly known as a "sex-change operation."

Sex reassignment surgery

Lena feels that she is the only person in the world who has a sexual problem. Given the information discussed in the textbook about sexual problems, what would you tell Lena?

Sexual difficulties are very common.

According to the text, a woman may use sperm from a donor for ART procedures for many reasons. These reasons include all of the following except for which one?

She cannot produce viable eggs.

________ tended to believe that all human development is sexually motivated.

Sigmund Freud

Among the list of countries below, which country in 2001 extended gay couples the right to marry with all the rights first bestowed on heterosexual married couples?

The Netherlands

Which of the following typically occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy?

The sex of the fetus can be determined by observing the growth of genitals with an ultrasound.

All of the following are true about what occurs during and immediately after stage three labor except for which?

The umbilical cord is cut from the newborn.

When gay people choose to live a life that is honest and open about their sexual orientation, which of the following has been found to be true?

They are better able to develop close and mutually satisfying friendships and romantic relationships.

As an infant, Suzie was diagnosed with ________, which is caused by damage to one of the pair of X chromosomes.

Turner syndrome

________ refers to an early 1900s method of childbirth pain control that used a combination of two injectable drugs: morphine and scopolamine.

Twilight sleep

Kyle is genetically a male; this means he received a(n) ________.

X chromosome from his mother, and a Y chromosome from his father

________ involves the fertilization of eggs by sperm, in vitro, with the fertilized eggs being transferred back to the female's fallopian tube using a laparoscope.

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Gino has syphilis. Which of the following might have been the first symptom he noticed?

a chancre sore on his penis

The primary symptom of the genital herpes infection is ________.

a group of tiny, painful blisters in the genital area

Some have argued that differences exist in humans as part of nature's grand design, which has enabled humans to survive and evolve as a species. From this perspective, the reason men are more aggressive and women are more intuitive is that these characteristics are considered ________.

adaptive mechanisms

Jocelyn is reading her human sexuality textbook. She learns that there is a link between ________ and ________.

alcohol; STIs

The definition of child sexual abuse considers sexual victimization by ______.

an adult or a significantly older child

Bem's Sex-Role Inventory allows a person to determine his or her degree of which of the following?

androgyny

Increasing age in women is _____________.

associated with decreased fertility.

Particularly with women, many STIs are ________.

asymptomatic

Sue is attending a sexual assault prevention class. She is likely to learn that prevention strategies for safety when dating include ________.

attending parties with friends and keep track of each other

Like the majority of older people his age, Brian has found that the most common reason he stopped having sex is ________.

because he buys into cultural expectations that it is inappropriate

It is very important that females understand the guidelines as they relate to cervical cancer and HPV screenings. According to the American Cancer Society and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, ________.

between 21 and 29, pap tests should be conducted every three years

Certain types of the human papilloma virus cause ________ cancer.

cervical

Sexual activity with a child by an adult or a much older child is called ________.

child molestation

Louis is seeking therapy for hypoactive sexual desire. His therapist is using an intervention technique that is designed to gradually eliminate his self-defeating beliefs and attitudes that underlie his sexual problems. What technique is Louis's therapist using?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Herpes simplex virus type 1 is most often the cause of ________.

cold sores

Which of the following life events reflects the fact that in a society that is largely rejecting at best and dangerously hostile at worst, nonheterosexuals typically spend a portion of their lives hiding their true sexual orientation from everyone?

coming out

According to research on adolescents, which of the following leads to better decision-making, a decrease in risky sexual behaviors, carefulness with regard to contraceptive methods, and even postponement of the first sexual activity?

comprehensive sex education

Which of the following is one of the six relationship factors that can affect sexual functioning?

conflicting sexual expectations

Sexual behaviors observed in children, such as masturbation or play that involves exploring one another's sexual bodies, is ________.

considered a normal sign of children's curiosity about the body

According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation is viewed as a(n) ________.

continuum

Jackie is seeking counseling for child sexual abuse issues. She is feeling powerless at times. Her counselor explains that when we feel powerless and unable to control our own destinies, we invariably suffer a wide range of psychological disorders, most notably ________.

depression

Which of the following sexual problems would be classified under the sexual desire, interest or arousal category for men?

difficulty maintaining an erection for sexual activity

Sybil is clearly in stage one labor. Her midwife knows this because it is characterized by ________.

dilation of the cervix

Marissa and Milo are seeing a counselor because they would like to improve their already satisfying sexual relationship. Which of the following would their counselor most likely recommend?

discuss openly their sexual likes, dislikes, and desires

Jen and Laurie are a lesbian couple. If they want to become pregnant, what is one method they may engage in in order to have a child?

do-it-yourself artificial techniques carried out at home

Mike is taking a health class his senior year. He is surprised to learn that, compared to teens, condom usage rates actually ________ in the older 18-24 age group.

drop significantly

Rebecca chose to have a medical abortion, which means a(n) ________.

drug or drugs administered to terminate a pregnancy

As a survivor of child sexual abuse, Tom is likely to experience a number of relationship issues, including ________.

emotional distancing and lack of trust

The gender effects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) on girls cause them to ________.

engage in many sex-atypical behaviors

During childbirth, Jennifer received pain medication that involved the insertion of a small tube near the base of her spine and into the fluid that surrounded her spinal cord. Doctors refer to this method as a(an) _____.

epidural

The impact of rape within an ongoing intimate relationship (such as a marriage) has been found to be ________.

equally or more traumatic

Garth is a heavy cigarette smoker. What types of sexual problems can he possibly experience due to smoking?

erectile problems

In comparison to adolescent sexuality, adult sexuality is more about ________.

establishing lasting relationships

A "0" on Kinsey's sexual orientation rating scale would mean ________.

exclusively heterosexual

Success rates in the treatment of child molesters have been ________.

extremely poor

When you consider the relationship between STI risk and STI testing among college students, the number of college students who seek STI testing is ________ the number who are at risk.

far lower than

Elsie has been married for seven years. During this time she has never reached orgasm. Elsie probably has which of the following disorders?

female orgasmic disorder

Which of the following are aspects of the context dimension that are used when evaluating a sexual problem?

generalized vs. situational

Which of the following sexual problems occurs in females?

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD)

Early and late puberty is associated with emotional and social difficulties. In fact, early puberty seems to be more challenging for ________.

girls than for boys

Frank and Felicity, a typical married couple, have found that their frequency of sexual activity has ________ with age.

gradually decreased

According to the research on homosexuality and suicide, gay and lesbian teens consider, attempt and complete suicide in ________ proportion(s) to straight teens.

greater

Immediately upon fertilization, a hormone called ________ begins to be released; pregnancy tests measure the level of this hormone in a woman's urine to determine pregnancy.

hCG

During the latent stage of syphilis, the infected person ________.

has no symptoms

Sensate focus is used as a treatment for hypoactive sexual desire by _______.

helping couples reduce their anxiety about intercourse and fears about performance

Erin is like most people in most cultures in the way she takes heterosexuality for granted and assumes all people are heterosexual. This is referred to as ________.

heterocentric

Worldwide, the vast majority of HIV infections are due to ________.

heterosexual contact

Compare Jon, who is gay, to his teenage classmate Sid, who is not gay. What we know from the research is that Jon has a ________ rate of psychological adjustment problems including depressions, drug abuse, eating disorders, and homelessness as compared to Sid.

higher rate

Which of the following is a physiological cause of female sexual arousal disorder?

hormonal imbalances

The condition of being born with ambiguous genitalia because the fetus did not develop male or female genitalia is most commonly caused by:

hormonal imbalances in the uterus during fetal development.

When examining gender differences, the author points out that it is important to not only consider averages, but also to consider ________.

how the two groups overlap

Which of the following can accurately predict first sexual intercourse?

if a person has been in a romantic relationship during the previous 18 months

Male erectile disorder was once referred to as _______.

impotence

Programs that teach teens only abstinence have been shown to ________.

increase the spread of STIs among teens

Erectile problems ______ a man's age.

increase with

Which of the following statements is true about our understanding of sexual orientation?

individualize of all sexual orientations experience similar attractions, emotions, and attitudes about love and relationships.

Something characteristic of a survivor in the reconstitution phase of traumatic stress might be to ________.

install alarms

The most noticeable symptom of hepatitis B is ________.

jaundice

Maggie is watching TV when someone knocks on her door claiming an emergency, and asks to use her phone because he doesn't have one available. Maggie's response should be to ________.

keep the door closed and offer to make the call herself

In terms of same-sex friendships, boys tend to have ________ groups of friends, while girls typically have ________ groups of friends.

larger; smaller

In terms of safety at home, mailboxes should list _________.

last name and initials only

The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade accomplished which of the following?

legalized abortion procedures in the United States

Complete the following sentence. Sexual pain in men is _____________.

less common and less well-researched than sexual pain in women

Children who grow up without television tend to be ________.

less stereotyped in their attitudes about gender

Megan's law requires ________.

local communities to be notified when sex offenders are residing there

In terms of safety while driving, the first thing a person should do after entering their car is to ________.

lock all doors

During the ________ phase, the growth of new follicles in the ovaries is suppressed and the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation to receive a fertilized egg.

luteal

Morris has difficulty reaching orgasm after long periods of stimulation. He most likely has _______.

male orgasmic disorder

What we know about communication style between the sexes is that ________.

males and females communicate differently

The vast majority of rapes are committed by ________.

men against women

Female-to-male sexual reassignment surgery may involve which of the following?

metadioplasty

Premature ejaculation is the ________ sexual complaint of men.

most common

This sexually transmitted bacterium is responsible, along with chlamydia, for many cases of nongonococcal urethritis.

mycoplasma genitalium

Which bacterial STI is a new, emerging infection that is now diagnosed more than gonorrhea?

mycoplasma genitalium

If Cindy is like most women, she will experience ________ after the termination of an unwanted pregnancy.

no mental health problems

For men to assist in preventing rape, it is recommended that if a man's date is drunk, he should _________.

not have sex with her because legally, she is unable to consent while intoxicated

The ________ argument downplays genetic influences and focuses on sociocultural factors as responsible for producing gender differences.

nurture

Tony does not know it, but he has HPV. If his case is like most cases, the infection will clear his body within:

one or two years without causing any severe health problems.

The CDC reports that ________ of both boys and girls aged 15-19 have engaged in oral sex at least once.

over 50%

Women, on average, release one egg each month, a process called ________.

ovulation

The primary source of sexual information for young people should be ___________.

parents

Tameeka was infected with chlamydia but did not seek treatment. As a result, she developed inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Tameeka probably has ________.

pelvic inflammatory disease

Luke has experienced erectile difficulty on several occasions. As a result, he developed a fear of not being able to achieve an erection. Luke has _______.

performance anxiety

The problem of infertility related to sperm cells may include all of the following except ________.

poor sleeping habits

When puberty begins much earlier than the normal age range, it is called ________.

precocious puberty

The "squeeze technique" or start-stop method is used to treat _______.

premature ejaculation

One of the most important things a rape survivor can do to assist in the prosecution of a rapist is to _________.

preserve evidence if physically able, which includes calling 911 and going to the hospital prior to bathing

Gary suffers from irrational anti-gay attitudes and behaviors. One motivation proposed to explain this is a psychological defense mechanism called a(n) ________.

reaction formation

Joanne was raped three days ago, and is experiencing severe insomnia and panic attacks. This stage of her traumatic event reflects the ________ of traumatic stress.

recoil phase

Sensate focus _______.

redirects emphasis away from intercourse and focuses on mutual sensuality

Valuing a partner's wishes, ideas, desires, unique characteristics, and abilities are the components of _______.

respect

During which stage of syphilis does the infected person experience symptoms that include skin rashes, hair loss, fatigue, sore throat, and headache?

secondary

The DSM-5 divides sexual disorders into several categories. Which of the following is one of those categories?

sexual desire disorder

The myth that women falsely accuse men of rape is often based on the notion that ________.

she regrets or feels guilty about having had intercourse with the accused

Comparing MRI and PET scans of brains of homosexual and heterosexual individuals, researchers have found the brains of gay men to be ________.

similar to straight women

One of the negative factors that can override the positive factors identified as influencing a college student's decision about STI testing is the ________.

social stigma of having an STI

As an older dater, the main problem Bruce (now 80) faces is ________.

society's discomfort with him as a sexual person

Sexual arousal begins ________.

soon after birth

Marsha attended Lamaze classes during her first pregnancy. The Lamaze method teaches women preparing for childbirth ________.

special breathing exercises and relaxation techniques

The loss of an embryo or fetus during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy is referred to as a miscarriage or __________.

spontaneous abortion

Simon LeVay's research on the brain differences of a small group of heterosexual and homosexual men ________.

suggests a correlation between brain differences and sexual orientation

Prevention strategies for safety while dating online include ________.

taking precautions when agreeing to an in-person meeting

Low levels of _______ are linked with low levels of arousal.

testosterone

According to the text, when considering adoption, it is important to consider all of the following except ________.

the child's IQ

The research on the index/ring finger "ratio" has found ________.

the index/ring finger ratio in lesbian women is more similar to that of men than straight women

Gordon's health class is discussing child sexual abuse. He is likely to learn that most cases of child sexual abuse include _________.

the use of threats rather than physical force to achieve child victimization

Katie has gone through menopause. As a result, the levels of estrogen and progesterone in her body have decreased, causing ________.

thinning of the vaginal walls

Which of these terms is most different in meaning from the others?

transsexual

Rape is one of the most ________ crimes.

underreported

Further refinement of the androgyny concept looks at which of the following traits?

undesirable feminine and masculine traits

Like most children, Bev and Barbie's ideas of gender roles are affected by which of the following?

watching male and female characters on TV

Research using identical twins indicates that ________.

when one member of a pair of identical twins is gay or lesbian, the chances are higher that the other twin will share that same sexual orientation

When it comes to research on intuition, the findings show that ________ at "reading people."

women are better than men

Gina has trichomoniasis. Which of the following are symptoms she may be experiencing?

yellowish-greenish vaginal discharge

What is the correct sequence of events that follow fertilization of an egg?

zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus