Soundscapes Exam 2

The most characteristic feature of baroque music is its use of

basso continuo

Hildegard of Bingen was a famous poet from Italy. T or F

false

Who is Claudio Monteverdi? compositions? era?

father of opera italian composer first important opera early baroque 1567-1641 opera seria: mythological stories or ancient history

The early and late baroque periods differed in that composers in the early baroque

favored homophonic texture

The two giants of baroque composition were _____ and ____

handel and Bach

The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly

imitative polyphony

The opening tutti statement is called the ritornello because

it returns, sometimes in fragments.

All of the following were major baroque composers except A. Giullaume Machaut. B. Claudio Monteverdi. C. Antonio Vivaldi. D. George F. Handel

machaut

Gregorian chant consists of

melody sung without accompaniment.

Who is Johannes Sebastian Bach? compositions? era?

most famous for cantatas and organ music greatest composer of counterpoint late baroque (1685-1750) era of refinement and culmination Weimar, cothen, Leipzig Weimar: fugue- a polyphonic composition for three or more parts based on one main theme, organ music, two main sections: exposition (voices present subject in imitation), development (subject and episodes alternates), pedal point cothen: wrote bulk of orchestra, went from organ music for church to instrumental music for court Leipzig: chorale (hymns with German text, simple melody sung in unison, homophonic texture), cantata (multi movement church work for hours, soloists, and orchestra), bradenbrug concerto no. 5 - concerto grosso, harpsichord as soloist master use of three part polyphonic texture: melody in violins and violas, basso continuo, chorale tune ritornello form

Who is Henry Purcell? compositions? era?

most talented English composers, organist early baroque 1659-1695 dido and Aeneas 1689 begins with a recitative (thy hand Belinda) aria (when I am laid in earth), basso ostinato

The two main forms of sacred Renaissance music are the mass and the

motet

In the madrigal, we hear a transformation in how

music becomes an active interpretive partner in realizing the meaning of the words.

Who is Johann Pachelbel? compostions? era?

opera canon in D major early baroque 1653-1706 basso ostinato (melody, rhythm or harmony repeats) beginning of tonality and chord progressions dissonance, one mood, strong recurring beat, long musical phrases, orchestra takes place, terraced dynamics

A large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative biblical text, is called

oratorio

The Renaissance madrigal is a

piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love.

In medieval times, most polyphonic music was created by

placing new melodic lines against known chants.

imitation is

playing a melody with all of the intervals reversed immediately after the original line was presented.

The Renaissance motet is a

polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of the mass.

In the Middle Ages, the most important musicians were

priests

basso continuo is

the low range of a harpsichord

The heart of the Catholic liturgy is

the song of the priest.

The large group of players in a concerto grosso is known as the

tutti

The term concerto grosso means

two or more soloists accompanied by the orchestra

Composers in the middle baroque phase favored writing compositions for instruments of the ____________ family

violin

The baroque, as a stylistic period in western art music, encompassed the years

1600-1750

Vivaldi wrote approximately ____________ concerti grossi and solo concertos

450

Which of the following statements is not true? A. Medieval music theorists favored the use of triads, the basic consonant chords of music. B. Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines is called organum. C. Paris was the intellectual and artistic capitol of Europe during the late medieval period. D. Perotin was the first known composer to write music with more than two voices.

A, Medieval music theorists favored the use of triads, the basic consonant chords of music.

Which of the following is not true of Gregorian chant? A. It conveys a calm, otherworldly quality. B. Its rhythm is flexible, without meter. C. The melodies tend to move by step within a narrow range of pitches. D. It is usually polyphonic in texture.

D, It is usually polyphonic in texture.

Which of the following statements regarding the Renaissance is not true? A. Secular vocal music was written for groups of solo voices and for solo voice with instrumental accompaniment. B. Secular music contained more rapid changes of mood than sacred music. C. A wealth of dance music published during the sixteenth century has survived. D. Much of the instrumental music composed during the Renaissance was intended for church use.

D, Much of the instrumental music composed during the Renaissance was intended for church use.

The first polyphonic composition began around the year 1,000 at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris by:

Desprez

Who is Josquin desprez? compositions? era?

French composer one of the most respected composers of the renaissance renaissance 1455-1521 ave Maria music rich in feelings, beautiful melodies, and expressive harmony, motet (polyphonic for choir to sacred latin text), imitative polyphony/homphonic texture, church modes

Who is Guillaume de Machaut? compositions? era?

French poet and composer born in city of reims best known polyphonic work late middle ages 1300-1377 mass of our lady polyphonic mass (S A T B) kyrie: ternary, triple meter, polyphony alternating with monophony gloria, credo voice added below chant

Who is George Frederic Handel? compositions? era?

German composer and producer of Italian operas one of the most famous composers in Europe late baroque (1685-1759) oratorios: messiah and hallelujah messiah: one of twenty English oratorios only oratorio that lacks plot, action, and characters from New Testament, subject is life of christ, three parts hallelujah: monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic, orchestration, create drama through contrasting textures monophonic parts very full sounding "for the lord god omnipotent reigneth" homophonic: hymn like "the kingdom of this world is become the kingdom of our lord and of his christ" polyphonic: fugue like section "and he shall reign for ever and ever"

Who is Hildegard of Bingen? compositions? era?

German, visions, musician, poet, pharmacologist, visionary, 77 chants exist famous female composer of chants early middle ages 1098-1179 o Rubor sanguinis monophonic texture, sacred latin text, syllabic (one or two notes per syllable), neumatic (two to six pitches per syllable), melismatic (one syllable and many notes perceived), no harmony, unaccompanied, mystical/dreamy, free rhythm, church modes

The man most responsible for the development of the seventeenth-century orchestra was

Handel

Who is Antonio Vivaldi? compositions? era?

Italian composer, priest, most influential and prolific composer of baroque concerto middle baroque 1678-1741 wrote over 450 concertos best known for four seasons spring: program music 1725, illustrative sonnets accompanies each concerto, terraced dynamics

The ____________ is a Lutheran congregational hymn tune.

chorale

Who is master perotinus? compositions? era?

churchman, philosopher, poet, German composer at cathedral of Notre dame in Paris created organum later middle ages 1198-1236 added voices on top of chant Gregorian chant becomes tenor music notation with square neumes

Renaissance music sounds fuller than medieval music because

composers considered the harmonic effect of chords rather than superimposing one melody above another. the bass register is used for the first time. the typical choral piece has four, five, or six voice parts of nearly equal melodic interest.

The Renaissance may be described as an age of

curiosity and individualism. exploration and adventure. the "rebirth" of human creativity.