South U Ch 18 Endocrine Rodriguez

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be _____ when released into the bloodstream, but ___ when released at synapses A. Neuropeptides; neurotransmitters B. Hormones; neurotransmitters C. Neurotransmitters; hormones D. Neuropeptides; neurohormones E. Neurotransmitters; Neuropeptides

B

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is A) somatotropin. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) parathyroid hormone. E) glucagon.

B

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A) stimulates the formation of white blood cells. B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. C) increases the level of sodium ions in the blood. D) increases the level of potassium ions in the blood. E) increases the level of glucose in the blood.

B

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

B

The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones A) synephrine and neosynephrine. B) epinephrine and norepinephrine. = catacholamines C) corticosterone and testosterone. D) androgens and progesterone. E) norcortisol and cortisol.

B

The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.

B

When blood glucose levels fall, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up more glucose. D) protein synthesis increases. E) calcitonin is secreted.

B

Which of these hormones increases production of red blood cells? A) cortisol B) erythropoietin C) thymosin D) aldosterone E) atrial natriuretic peptide

B

___ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues A. Neuropeptides B. Hormones C. Neurotransmitters D. Humoral antibodies E. None of the above

B

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin.

C

Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) aldosterone. D) ACTH. E) angiotensin.

C

Endocrine cells A) are a type of nerve cell. B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. C) release their secretions directly into body fluids. D) contain few vesicles. E) are modified connective-tissue cells.

C

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause A) dwarfism. B) rickets. C) gigantism. D) acromegaly. E) diabetes insipidus.

C

Growth hormone does all of the following, except that it A) promotes bone growth. B) promotes muscle growth. C) causes fat accumulation within adipocytes. D) is glucose sparing. E) promotes amino acid uptake by cells.

C

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in A) acromegaly. B) goiter. C) diabetes mellitus. D) diabetes insipidus. E) Addison's disease.

C

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood. A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) PTH D) aldosterone E) cortisol

C

Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) CRF and GnRH. B) TSH and FSH. C) ADH and oxytocin. D) FSH and PRL. E) GHIH and GHRH.

C

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce A) thyroxine. B) TSH. C) calcitonin. D) PTH. E) triiodothyronine.

C

The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatostatin. D) cortisol. E) peptide P.

C

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by A) direct neural stimulation. B) indirect osmotic control. C) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. D) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. E) gap synaptic junctions.

C

The interstitial cells of the testes produce A) LH. B) progesterone. C) testosterone. D) inhibin. E) FSH.

C

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is A) somatotropin. B) cortisol. C) insulin. D) glucagon. E) erythropoietin.

C

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

C

The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.

C

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

Calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

Calcitonin

The suprarenal medulla produces

Catecholamines

GH does all the following, except that it

Causes fat accumulation within adipocytes

Peptide hormones are

Composed of amino acids

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

Cortisol

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is A. Thymosin B. Aldosterone C. Parathormone D. Cortisol E. Erythropoietin

D

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A) adenyl cyclase is activated. B) cyclic nucleotides are formed. C) G proteins are phosphylated. D) gene transcription is initiated. E) protein kinases are activated.

D

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) thyroid hormone. D) thyroid-stimulating hormone. E) melatonin.

D

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are A) lipids. B) peptides. C) steroids. D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. E) derivatives of reproductive glands.

D

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called A) gonadotrophins. B) prostaglandins. C) hepatic hormones. D) somatomedins. E) glucocorticoids.

D

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatotropin. D) digestive enzymes. E) bile.

D

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) growth hormone. D) parathyroid hormone. E) thyroid hormone.

D

The most complex endocrine responses involve the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) suprarenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus gland.

D

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

D

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) MSH.

D

The suprarenal medulla produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) catecholamines. E) corticosteroids.

D

Thyroid hormone contains the element A) fluorine. B) chlorine. C) iron. D) iodine. E) zinc.

D

Hormones known as catecholamines are

Derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine

All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they A) are produced by the suprarenal medulla. B) are derived from cholesterol. C) are produced by reproductive glands. D) bind to receptors within the cell. E) are lipids.

A

Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH. A) estrogen B) progesterone C) testosterone D) inhibin E) gonadotropins

A

Peptide hormones are A) composed of amino acids. B) produced by the suprarenal glands. C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. D) lipids. E) chemically related to cholesterol.

A

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatostatin. D) cortisol. E) peptide P.

A

The condition known as goiter can result from too A. Little iodine in the diet B. Little TSH C. Much insulin D. Much ACTH E. Little glucagon

A

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is A. MSH B. FSH C. ACTH D. ADH E. TSH

A

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

A

The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.

A

When blood glucose levels rise, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up less glucose. D) protein synthesis decreases. E) peripheral cells break down glycogen.

A

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is A. Cortisol B. Aldosterone C. Thymosin D. Somatotropin E. Parathormone

B

Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, except A) FSH. B) oxytocin. C) TSH. D) corticotropin. E) somatotropin.

B

Melatonin is produced by the A) thymus. B) pineal gland. C) kidneys. D) skin. E) heart.

B

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of A) hyperthyroidism. B) hypothyroidism. C) hyperparathyroidism. D) hypoparathyroidism. E) diabetes insipidus.

B

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't A) respond rapidly to stimuli. B) respond specifically to stimuli. C) communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. D) respond with motor output. E) function independently of the endocrine system.

E

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't

Function independently of the endocrine system

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release

GH, FSH, and TSH

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

Gene transcription is initiated

The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces

Glucocorticoids

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temp may be signs of

HYPOthyroidism

The most complex endocrine responses involve the

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues

Increased heart rate Increased oxygen consumption Increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation Increased body temp

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

Increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

Thyroid hormone contains the element

Iodine

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion fo testosterone is

LH

The condition know as goiter can result from too

Little iodine in the diet

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

MSH

The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces

Mineralcorticoids

Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, except

Oxytocin

Increased levels of the hormone ____ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood

PTH

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin

PTH

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include

Peptides, amino acid derivatives, steroids, and eicosanoids

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

Prolactin

Endocrine cells

Release their secretions directly into body fluids

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by

Secreting releasing and inhibiting factors (RH and IH) into a tiny portal system

Liver cells respond to GH by releasing hormones called

Somatomedins

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by acceleration proteins synthesis is

Somatotropin

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except

TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temp is

Thyroxine

The hormone oxytocin

Triggers prostate gland contraction Responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands Promotes uterine contractions

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to REDUCE water loss is

ADH

Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

ADH and oxytocin

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH and oxytocin

The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces

Androgens

All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they

Are produced by the suprarenal medulla

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include A) peptides. B) steroids. C) eicosanoids. D) amino acid derivatives. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

Pinealocytes produce A) MSH. B) FSH. C) LH. D) melanin. E) melatonin.

E

Proper growth requires which of these hormones? A) thyroid hormone B) calcitriol C) insulin D) growth hormone E) All of the answers are correct.

E

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ACTH. D) GH. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

The hormone oxytocin A) promotes uterine contractions. B) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) triggers prostate gland contraction. D) is produced in the hypothalamus. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

The kidneys secrete A) renin. B) erythropoietin. C) calcitriol. D) hormones to regulate sodium ion concentration. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is A) TSH. B) FSH. C) MSH. D) STH. E) ADH.

E

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is A) ACTH. B) MSH. C) prolactin. D) insulin. E) somatotropin.

E

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) growth hormone. D) FSH. E) prolactin.

E

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? A) increased oxygen consumption B) increased heart rate C) increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation D) increased body temperature E) All of the answers are correct.

E