SP Chpt 9 Quiz

According to the analysis in your textbook, what is the most likely outcome if Milgram had started his obedience study at 300 volts—the point at which the learner screamed and/or pounded on the wall? A. Very few participants would have agreed to obey, because stopping the study would be the clear and obviously correct action. B. Obedience levels would have remained the same. C. Obedience in male participants would've remained the same; obedience among women would've decreased. D. Obedience would have increased because the social influence pressures would have been immediate and, thus, stronger.

A. Very few participants would have agreed to obey, because stopping the study would be the clear and obviously correct action.

In the movie Pretty Woman, Julia Roberts's character is given snails to eat at a fancy restaurant. She does not know which utensil to use to eat the snails or how to use the utensil, so she watches the other people at the table and modifies her behavior to be consistent with their actions. This is best thought of as an example of A. informational social influence. B. normative social influence. C. ideomotor action. D. automatic mimicry.

A. informational social influence.

Members of various fraternities are asked to participate in a group problem-solving task. The researchers find that solutions proposed by officers of the fraternity generate more agreement among other group members than solutions generated by younger members who are not officers. One reason for this may be that A. the officers are perceived as having higher status and thus are more able to exert normative social influence. B. the researchers created a foot-in-the-door situation. C. the officers are perceived as sticking to their opinions and thus are more able to exert majority social influence. D. the younger members are attempting to maintain a positive mood by being compliant.

A. the officers are perceived as having higher status and thus are more able to exert normative social influence.

While working on her final paper for her psychology class, Tiffany realizes that she is probably going to exceed the stated page limit in the assignment. She asks several of her classmates what to do and receives differing advice. Some upperclassmen who are psychology majors tell Tiffany to go ahead and exceed the page limit. Some of Tiffany's close friends tell her to stick with the assigned page limit. If we assume that Tiffany is being swayed by informational social influence pressures, which group is she more likely to listen to? A. the psychology majors B. her friends C. neither group D. There is no way of telling from the information given.

A. the psychology majors

Fiona is from Norway. She and JoAnne, who is from the United States, are both experiencing the pressures of informational social influence. Who is more likely to be swayed by such influence and why? A. Fiona, because Norwegians are more likely to engage in the chameleon effect B. Fiona, because Norway is a more interdependent culture than the United States C. JoAnne, because U.S. women are less likely to experience reactance D. JoAnne, because U.S. women are more interdependent than Norwegian women

B. Fiona, because Norway is a more interdependent culture than the United States

During a conversation with John, Tanya unconsciously leans forward in her seat. Also unconsciously, John then leans forward in his seat. This is an example of A. informational social influence. B. automatic mimicry. C. normative social influence. D. reactance.

B. automatic mimicry.

According to the negative state relief hypothesis, under what conditions are participants who are made to feel upset or guilty in a study most likely to donate money to a charity? A. if their guilt is accompanied by empathy B. if they are still in a negative mood at the time of the request for a donation C. if their guilt is accompanied by anger D. if they are given positive feedback before the request for a donation

B. if they are still in a negative mood at the time of the request for a donation

Researchers first gave their participants cookies to put them in a good mood. Then they asked the participants to help out with the next study by serving as confederates who would either help the true experimental participant or hinder the true participant. The results of this study were interpreted to suggest that: A. being in a good mood increases the chances of agreeing to any type of request. B. people are more likely to comply with a request if the action will maintain their good mood. C. people are more likely to comply with a request if the action will be rewarded. D. people in good moods are less susceptible to social influence.

B. people are more likely to comply with a request if the action will maintain their good mood.

Participants in Milgram's obedience study often asked who would be responsible if something went wrong with the learner. The experimenter was trained to reply that he would take responsibility. This response seemed to have the effect of increasing obedience because A. participants experienced a greater desire to win the approval of the experimenter. B. the participants felt less confusion and stress because their actions seemed justified. C. the participants cared less about the learner's distress. D. It did not increase obedience; the participants still took full responsibility for their actions.

B. the participants felt less confusion and stress because their actions seemed justified.

The decision to stop the experiment was difficult for participants in Milgram's obedience studies because: A. they were dealing with a conflict between a desire to see how much pain they could cause participants without being judged by the experimenter. B. they were dealing with a conflict between a desire to fulfill their obligation to the study and a desire to avoid inflicting harm on another person. C. The decision to stop the experiment was not difficult for participants; they ignored the experimenter and stopped the shocks immediately. D. The decision to stop the experiment was not difficult for participants; they continued with shocks because they did not believe that the learner was actually being harmed.

B. they were dealing with a conflict between a desire to fulfill their obligation to the study and a desire to avoid inflicting harm on another person.

Research suggests that: A. men are slightly less susceptible to social influence than women because they are more competitive. B. women are slightly more susceptible to social influence than men because they are more interdependent, but this is offset by women generally having more certainty in social interactions. C. men are slightly more susceptible to social influence than women because of their more independent natures. D. women are more susceptible to social influence attempts than men because they are less certain of their social environments.

B. women are slightly more susceptible to social influence than men because they are more interdependent, but this is offset by women generally having more certainty in social interactions.

People conform under the pressure of normative social influence in order to A. show others that they, too, are correct in their judgments. B. engage in correct behavior. C. avoid painful social sanctions like rejection. D. reassert their prerogative in response to unpleasant arousal.

C. avoid painful social sanctions like rejection.

Jordan first asks his friends to participate in a psychological experiment that runs from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on a Saturday. They all say no. Then Jordan asks if they could maybe just come for the most important part of the study, which is from 10:00 a.m. until 11:00 a.m. on Saturday. Most actually agree, despite the fact that it is usually extremely difficult to get Jordan's friends to wake up earlier than noon on Saturdays. Jordan has implemented what compliance technique? A. foot-in-the-door B. negative state relief C. door-in-the-face D. that's-not-all

C. door-in-the-face

According to the Asch line studies, which of the following is a good strategy to avoid succumbing to normative social influence attempts? A. delay making a decision B. avoid situations in which social reality is ambiguous C. have an ally D. research the decision before making a choice

C. have an ally

Your textbook relates a story about a group of German soldiers who had volunteered for police duty to avoid the violence of war. When those soldiers ended up in Poland and were ordered to execute a group of Polish Jews, the soldiers—like most of Milgram's participants— A. did as they were ordered without question. B. refused to perpetrate such a horrible act. C. made feeble attempts to disobey. D. elected to be executed themselves instead of taking the lives of others.

C. made feeble attempts to disobey.

According to Sherif's experiment with the autokinetic illusion, A. people often seek the disapproval of fellow group members in order to be perceived as unique. B. the pressure to avoid disapproval by fellow group members leads people to conform to the behavior of others. C. people are likely to use one another's judgments as guides when asked to make ambiguous decisions. D. visual illusions have less of an impact on the perceptions of people who are alone than on those in a group.

C. people are likely to use one another's judgments as guides when asked to make ambiguous decisions.

In which condition did participants in the Milgram obedience studies exhibit the most obedience? A. experimenter absent condition B. another subject present condition C. remote feedback condition D. two experimenters condition

C. remote feedback condition

If Dave does Mark a favor, then Mark is more likely to later agree to help Dave out. This reflects A. the door-in-the-face compliance strategy. B. the negative state relief hypothesis. C. the norm of reciprocity. D. public compliance.

C. the norm of reciprocity.

At the beginning of the film Twelve Angry Men, eleven members of a jury are ready to vote "guilty" and one member of the jury wants to vote "not guilty." By the time the movie ends, everyone on the jury ends up voting "not guilty." According to the research reviewed in this chapter, what is the most likely persuasive strategy used by the lone man who voted "not guilty" from the beginning? A. He probably argued for his point so stridently and angered the other jurors so much that they agreed to vote "not guilty" just to relieve their negative moods. B. He probably listened carefully to everyone else's arguments and agreed with them, at least temporarily, in order to create trust with fellow jury members. C. He probably effectively argued his point by using logic and reason. D. He probably consistently stuck by his opinion and consistently argued against points brought up by other jury members.

D. He probably consistently stuck by his opinion and consistently argued against points brought up by other jury members.

Unlike Asch's line study, the task in Sherif's autokinetic illusion study involved A. conformity. B. clear conflict. C. informational social influence. D. ambiguity.

D. ambiguity.