spanish notes 1 (pronouns, prepresition, direct and indirect)
what is a Direct object pronoun
Direct object pronouns are the person or thing that actually received the object of the verb is a direct object. The direct object answers the question what? In relation to the subject and verb of a sentence For example The answer to what for John Eats Might be a sandwich or carrots in English or Spanish. What John eats is a direct object ( also John itself is in direct) (john come un sandwich= John eats a sandwich) Direct objects are things or people that received the action of a verb when the direct object has been established or if the direct object is a first or second person me you us the direct object pronouns are use
Indirect object pronoun
Indirect object pronoun are the second recipient of the action of the verb. They typically answer for whom or to whom .the in direct object pronoun have the same form as the direct object pronouns except in the third person
Indirect object pronoun are?
Indirect object pronoun are the second recipient of the action of the verb. They typically answer for whom or to whom .the in direct object pronoun have the same form as the direct object pronouns except in the third person Me - me • Juan me da una camisa. John is giving me a shirt. Te- you (fam, singular) • Juan te da una camisa. John is giving you a shirt Le - ( you )formal singular (him, her, it) • Juan le da una camisa a usted. John is giving you a shirt. Juan le da una camisa a él. John is giving him a shirt. Juan le da una camisa a ella. John is giving her a shirt. Nos- us • María nos da unas camisas. Mary is giving us some shirts. Os- you (fam, plural) • María os da unas camisas. Mary is giving you some shirts Les- you (form plural) them • them — María les da unas camisas. Mary is giving you some shirts, or Mary is giving them some shirts.
Direct object pronoun pg 144
Me • me te • you ( familiar, singular) Lo • you (formal singular) him, it male la • you (formal singular) her, it female Nos • us Os • you (Familia plural) los • you formal plural ) them (male and female) las • you formal plural them (female)
it
Note on "it": Either él or ella can mean "it" as the object of a preposition, although as a subject there is no Spanish word used for "it." The word used depends on the gender of the noun it replaces, with él being used for masculine nouns and ella being used for feminine nouns. ¿Dónde está la mesa? Necesito mirar debajo ella. Where is the table? I need to look under it. ¿Dónde está el carro? Necesito mirar debajo él. Where is the car? I need to look under it. Similarly, ellos and ellas, when used as a preposition pronoun meaning "them," can be used to represent things as well as people. Use ellos when referring to nouns that are masculine, ellas for feminine nouns.
Direct object pronoun message page 168
Object pronouns are used everywhere else (direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition). Object pronouns are me, you, him, her, it, us, and them. Examples: Jean talked to him. Are you talking to me? To be able to choose pronouns correctly, you must learn to identify clauses. A clause is a group of words containing a verb and subject. The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object. Bill hit the ball. "Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit." Sherry reads the book. "Book" receives the action of the verb "reads." The direct object can also be a person. Sherry hit Bill. (DO=Bill) The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing. Bill hit the ball. Bill hit what? Bill hit the ball. Sherry hit Bill. Sherry hit whom? Sherry hit Bill. Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun. Example 1 Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife. Example 2 Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife. When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns: me (me)- me te (you-familiar) lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal) lo is masculine la is feminist nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) los, las (them, you-all-formal) las is feminist and los is masculine
prepositional pronouns
The easy part about learning the grammar of pronouns in Spanish is that they follow a structure similar to the pronouns of English, serving as subjects as well as objects of verbs and prepositions. The tricky part, at least for people whose first language is English, is remembering which pronouns to use. While English uses the same pronouns as objects of prepositions and for direct and indirect objects of verbs, Spanish has a different set of pronouns for each usage, and those sets overlap. The subject pronouns and prepositional pronouns are identical except in the first-person singular and familiar second-person singular forms. As you can probably guess, prepositional pronouns are those that come after prepositions. In a sentence such as "Tengo una sorpresa para ella (I have a surprise for her), para (for) is the preposition and ella (her) is the prepositional pronoun. Here are the prepositional pronouns of Spanish along with examples of their usage
message
The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going. He gives the book to María. DO=Book Where is the book going? To María. IO=María He gives María the book. DO=Book Where is the book going? To María. IO=María The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed. He gives María the book. To whom does he give the book? To María. IO=María He buys me flowers. For whom does he buy the flowers? For me. IO=me Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object. Remember, the IO tells us where the DO is going. Notice how the sentences below just wouldn't work without a direct object. He gives María . . . the book, the pen, the diamond, etc. He buys me . . . flowers, candy, an ironing board, etc. Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather it is implied, or understood. My mother writes me every week. DO=letter (understood) IO=me (My mother writes me a letter every week.) She told him. DO=it (understood) IO=him (She told it to him.) To identify the indirect object use our two guidelines: 1. The IO tells us where the DO is going. 2. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed. When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns: me (me) te (you-familiar) le (him, her, you-formal) for him to him nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) les (them, you-all-formal) you have to identify when these terminologies are use I buy him shirts (the him will be a in direct object pronouns) I buy shirts from him Me comprar camisas de el I buy shirts to my father (remember before the verb you put the pronoun) Yo le compro camisas a mi padre I buy shirts for my father Me comprar camisas para mi padre (for - para) (camisas- shirts) Yo te lo vendo I sell (indirect object always go first then the direct object then the noun or adjective ) The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going. He gives the book to María. DO=Book Where is the book going? To María. IO=María He gives María the book. DO=Book Where is the book going? To María. IO=María The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed. He gives María the book. To whom does he give the book? To María. IO=María He buys me flowers. For whom does he buy the flowers? For me. IO=me Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object. Remember, the IO tells us where the DO is going. Notice how the sentences below just wouldn't work without a direct object. He gives María . . . the book, the pen, the diamond, etc. He buys me . . . flowers, candy, an ironing board, etc. Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather it is implied, or understood. My mother writes me every week. DO=letter (understood) IO=me (My mother writes me a letter every week.) She told him. DO=it (understood) IO=him (She told it to him.) To identify the indirect object use our two guidelines: 1. The IO tells us where the DO is going. 2. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed. When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns: me (me) te (you-familiar) le (him, her, you-formal) for him to him nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) les (them, you-all-formal) you have to identify when these terminologies are use I buy him shirts (the him will be a in direct object pronouns) I buy shirts from him Me comprar camisas de el I buy shirts to my father (remember before the verb you put the pronoun) Yo le compro camisas a mi padre I buy shirts for my father Me comprar camisas para mi padre (for - para) (camisas- shirts) Yo te lo vendo I sell (indirect object always go first then the direct object then the noun or adjective )
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Pronouns can be in one of three cases: Subject, Object, or Possessive. Rule 1 Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. You can remember subject pronouns easily by filling in the blank subject space for a simple sentence. Example: ______ did the job. I, you, he, she, it, we, and they all fit into the blank and are, therefore, subject pronouns. Subjective pronouns The words "I" "you" "he" "she" "we" "you-all" and "they" are called subject pronouns. Spanish has corresponding subject pronouns. Here's a list of the English subject pronouns and their Spanish equivalents: Singular subjective pronouns plural subjective pronouns
Yo I Tu • You (informal singular) (when speaking to a friend, family member, or close relation)dear usted • you (formal,such as your boss), el,ella • (he/she) plural subjective pronouns nosotros/ nosotras • We o Nosotros (male in the group) o Nosotras (female in the group) vosotros/ vosotras • you (informal, ) when you speak to more than one person where you have a informal relationship such as a group of friends o vosotros (only when the group is exclusively male) o vosotras (only when the group is exclusively female ) ustedes • you (formal)when you're talking to more than one personas where you have a formal relationship such as a table of people that you are serving in a restaurant. ellos and- ellas • they • ellos (only when the group is exclusively male) • Ellas (only when the group is exclusively female) anything that ends in a is feminine and anything that ends in o is masculine
Yo la amo yo te amo Lo amo Direct object pronouns I built a house for my mom.
Yo la amo- I love her (first person, second person conjugation) in English the her goes at the end but in Spanish the her goes in the middle I love you/ - yo te amo Lo amo- I love him Direct object pronouns is house the verb is what, the who. The house For my mom- For whom is indirect object I build her a house the her is indirect object
message
first person, second person or third person first person- I (. The person that speaks) second person ( the person that is spoken to) ( formal or informal) plural, singular third person is anything else (house car) ex Singular Subject ----> verb stem plus S, it fits, he sits, she sits etc. Plural subject ----> verb stem without s, they sit, they work, etc. 15) Page 108- pagina ciente ocho Cio'n (n-s vocal) Subject pronoun Escribir- write Tener- have Hablar- speak Subject pronoun takes the place of the noun (who is doing the action you,I we,she, they,it detects the name the person, place or thing) Yo tengo- I have Tu tienes - you (infinant, singular) have Usted- you (pol, singular) have El -he have Ella- she have Plural Nosotros (as)- tenemos we have Vosotros (as) teneis you (informal, plural, Spain) have Ustedes, ellos/as tienen - you (pl) have, they have
In Spanish, the prepositional pronouns are exactly the same as the subject pronouns with the exceptions of "mí" and "ti". Look at the chart below. Con (with) De (of or from), Para (for) conmigo. contigo. what are the preprosition pronouns
mí ti él ella usted nosotros/as vosotros/as ellos/as ustedes mí (first-person singular, equivalent of "me"): El regalo es para mí. The gift is for me. ti (informal second-person singular, equivalent of "you"): El regalo es para ti. The gift is for you. usted (formal second-person singular, equivalent of "you"): El regalo es para usted. The gift is for you. él (third-person masculine singular, equivalent of "him" or "it"): El regalo es para él. The gift is for him. Miro debajo él. I am looking under it. ella (third-person feminine singular, equivalent of "her" or "it"): El regalo es para ella. The gift is for her. Miro debajo ella. I am looking under it. nosotros, nosotras (first-person plural, equivalent of "us") : El regalo es para nosotros. The gift is for us. vosotros, vosotras (second-person informal plural, equivalent of "you"): El regalo es para vosotros. The gift is for you. ustedes (second-person formal plural, equivalent of "you") : El regalo es para ustedes. The gift is for you. ellos, ellas (third-person plural, equivalent of "them"): El regalo es para ellos. The gift is for them. The shirt is of her Esta camisa es de ella Esta libro de el This book is of him Alberto de mexico Alberto from mexico De is for origin as well or possession Use this second set of pronouns to replace the noun that comes immediately after a preposition. Juan habla de mí. Juan speaks of me. Hablo con ellos. I speak with them. Pablo compró un anillo para ella. Pablo bought a ring for her. Whenever mí follows the preposition con, the two words combine to form conmigo. ¿Por qué no vienes conmigo? Why don't you come with me? Whenever ti follows the preposition con, the two words combine to form contigo. No voy contigo, voy con ellos. I'm not going with you, I'm going with them. Whenever you want to say "with him, with her, with you (formal), with them, with you-all (formal)" there are two possibilities. If the pronoun is referring to the subject of the sentence, use consigo. If the pronoun does not refer to the subject of the sentence, usecon + the appropriate pronoun. Pronoun does refer to the subject He took the pens with him(self). Él llevó las plumas consigo. Why don't you take a book with you(rself)? ¿Por qué no lleva un libro consigo? Pronoun does not refer to the subject They live with him. Ellos viven con él. I don't want to talk to you. No quiero hablar con usted. Esta libro es de el This book is of him I buy shirts from him yo compro camisas de el compro comisa de el
practice uno your female professor Your friends Victor and Maria Yourself youself and a group of male and female friends The female students in your class This speaking directly to the person witch subject pronoun would you use La profesora de espanlo (the teacher is Spanish) Unos consejeros (few advisors) Unas amigas (some friends)
practice uno your female professor • Ella Your friends Victor and Maria • Ellos Yourself • Yo youself and a group of male and female friends • Nosotros The female students in your class • Ellas This speaking directly to the person witch subject pronoun would you use La profesora de espanlo (the teacher is Spanish) Usted Unos consejeros (few advisors) • Ustedes Unas amigas (some friends) (USTEDES)