SPC AT

At the end of this battle, one general offered to adopt Susanna Dickinson's daughter Angelina and have her educated in his native capital. Captain John C. Neill used artillery in this battle that was earlier captured in a skirmish at Concepción along with gifted artillery from the New Orleans Grays. This battle is said to have caused the "Runaway (*) ​Scrape" along with the Goliad Massacre. The co-commanders of the defense at this battle were William B. Travis and James Bowie, the latter of whom became an American folk hero. For 10 points, name this 1836 battle of the Texas Revolution which occurred at the namesake Spanish mission turned fort.

: Battle of the Alamo

A character in this play describes visiting a "Turkish pavilion" which turns out to be an outhouse. Another character in this play describes a dream in which she climbs a pillar but is unable to go back down, to which a man responds by discussing his dream of retrieving golden eggs from a tree. In this play, a woman insists on travelling with a pet (*) ​bird and claims she was "betrayed" by her pet dog. Several characters in this play discuss their dream of opening a resort at Lake Como. The cook Christine is the fiancé of the valet Jean in this play, which ends with the title character committing suicide with a razor. For 10 points, name this play by August Strindberg

: Miss Julie

In a novel named for this person, Roger Bevins III and Hans Vollman refuse to acknowledge they are dead and refer to coffins as "sick boxes." That novel depicts ​this man "in the Bardo" and was written by George Saunders. In a poem, this speaker describes how this man "cannot sleep upon the hillside now" and "[brings] long peace to Cornland, Alp and Sea." That poem by (*) ​Vachel Lindsay is called this man "walks at midnight." A long poem commemorating this man's death features images of a western star drooping in the sky, and the yearly return of the title flower. For 10 points, Walt Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" is about what U.S. president?

Abraham Lincoln

In a novel by this author, a character named Mr. Barbecue-Smith writes 1,500 publishable words per hour by tapping into his "subconscious." In that novel, this author created an analogue to opposition leader H.H. Asquith with his character of Mr. Callamy, whom young ladies fear and refuse to accompany on car rides. This author included the characters Mark Rampion, who was based on D.H. Lawrence, and Maurice Spandrell, who was based on Charles Baudelaire, in his novel (*) ​Point, Counterpoint. In a novel by this author, Bernard Marx become jealous when Lenina Crowne sleeps with other men even though "everyone belongs to everyone else." That novel by this author follows a man known as "the savage" who has only read the complete works of Shakespeare. For 10 points, name this British author of Brave New World.

Aldous Huxley

One publication devoted to this movement, ​Lucifer the Lightbearer​, had its entire editorial staff arrested for obscenity after they published a letter condemning marital rape. The "propaganda of the deed" was a crucial tenet of this movement, whose first American member developed the Cincinnati Time Store, where you paid with labor rather than money, and was named Josiah Warren. The Prison Memoirs of [one member of this movement] were written by a man who attempted to assassinate (*) Carnegie chairman Henry Clay Frick, Alexander Berkman. This movement was advocated for in Mother Earth, written by Emma Goldman. For 10 points, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were members of what far-left movement that advocates stateless society?

Anarchism

In one painting, this artist depicted a white model as black and claimed the model was his family's maid Betty Hammond to hide that model's identity. This artist of ​Barracoon created a series which contains a painting depicting a nude woman who appears to be floating against a solid black background and another which depicts the same woman wearing a green overcoat with braided hair. That series, containing the paintings ​Black Velvet ​and The Prussian​, was purchased by Leonard Andrews in 1986. In addition to (*) secretly painting his neighbor Helga Testorf, this artist created a painting depicting a girl dressed in pink in a field gazing up towards a farmhouse. For 10 points, name this American Regionalist painter of Christina's World.

Andrew Wyeth

An essay by Clifford Geertz opens by stating that this discipline is "notoriously hard to talk about" and is titled for "[this discipline] as a Cultural System." It's not culture, but an important work in the anthropology of this discipline is a Claude Levi-Strauss book titled for the primitive form of this discipline. Another work about this discipline discusses how the products of this discipline have lost their (*) "aura" due to mass mechanization. For 10 points, name this discipline about which Walter Benjamin wrote "in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" that includes production of works like sculptures and paintings.

Art

This leader began contributing to the anti-revolutionary newspaper ​Kreuz-Zeitung after entering the conservative religious social circle of the von Gerlach brothers while managing his father Alexander's estate. Frederick William IV selected this man to represent his home kingdom at the Diet of Frankfurt. In a famous speech, this leader said that the great issues of the day would not be decided by speeches and resolutions, but through (*) blood and iron. This leader's victory at the Battle of Sedan lead to his empire's annexation of Alsace. This leader's editing of the Ems telegram lead to the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. For 10, name this first chancellor of a unified German Empire, who instigated the kulturkampf and pursued realpolitik.

Bismarck

Dialogo and Capriccio movements make up Ligeti's solo sonata for this instrument. This instrument plays the melody in Max Bruch's ​Kol Nidrei​. Luigi Boccherini composed a concerto in B-flat for this instrument, of which he was a virtuoso. Jacqueline (*) du Pre popularized Elgar's concerto for this instrument in E minor. Mstislav Rostropovich and Pablo Casals both played this instrument which plays the melody in "The Swan" movement of Carnival of the Animals. The most famous solo pieces for this instrument are a set of six suites for it by J.S. Bach. For 10 points, name this string instrument played by Yo-yo Ma.

Cello

Philip II decreed that this substance was essential for Andean natives to consume but should not be used for religious purposes. Moche pottery has been found depicting native people with a cheek bulge consuming this substance. In the 2000s, this crop was targeted via aerial fumigation in an initiative in which Andres Pastrana Arango teamed up with Bill Clinton. That initiative, Plan (*) Colombia, intended to coerce farmers into not producing this drug for FARC. For 10 points, name this narcotic whose freebase form, crack, created an epidemic in the U.S. during the the 1980s.

Cocaine

Arthur Jenness conducted an experiment on this phenomenon in which participants were asked to estimate the number of jellybeans in a jar. The autokinetic effect was used in another experiment on this phenomenon in which participants were asked how much a spot of light moved. That experiment was conducted by Muzafer Sherif. In another experiment on this phenomenon, several (*) confederates lied when asked to compare the length of lines. Solomon Asch studied—for 10 points—what phenomenon in which people alter their behaviors or opinions in response to those of other people?

Conformity

A secessionist movement in this nation in South Kasai named Albert Kalonji "Mulopwe," the name given to leader of the Luba. CONAKAT leader Moise Tshombe handed over a former Prime Minister of this nation to John Gat, who executed that leader of the MNC. This nation's first president, Joseph Kasavubu, was ousted in a state of emergency by military leader (*) ​Mobutu Sese-Seko. This nation established independence during the Round Table Conference in Brussels, which was spurned by riots in Leopoldville. For 10 points, give this name of a nation once known as Zaire centered on Kinshasa.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Libertarian candidate in this election year had earlier become the first elector to vote for a ticket including a woman by voting for the Libertarian ticket of John Hospers and Theodora Nathan. A candidate in this election year dropped in the polls after admitting in a Playboy interview to have "lust in his heart" for another woman. This election year saw the first Vice Presidential debate, where it was said that all wars were "Democrat Wars" by Bob (*) ​Dole. The Republican incumbent faced opposition from his own party in this election year after the fall of Saigon and pardoning Richard Nixon. For 10 points, give the election year in which Jimmy Carter defeated Gerald Ford.

Election of 1976

An anarcho-socialist plot to assassinate this leader occurred during the High Treason incident, leading to 24 people being hanged, including feminist author Kanno. This man's namesake Constitution created the House of Peers and established the position of Prime Minister. This leader was presented with a five-point document known as the (*)​ Charter Oath, which abolished feudalism and allowed for the right to assemble. This successor of Emperor Komei was the victor of the Boshin War, coercing Shogun Yoshinobu into stepping down. For 10 points, name this emperor whose namesake "Restoration" facilitated Japan becoming an imperial power.

Emperor Meiji

British reconquest of islands in this body of water were outlined in Operation Constellation. Earlier, a victory during the "Year of Miracles" during the Seven Years War was won by Edward Hawke at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in this body of water. Operation Sea (*) Lion never took place due to Hitler's failure to gain air supremacy over this body of water. An amphibious invasion across this body of water saw multiple Allied landings at beaches like Omaha and Juno during Operation Neptune. For 10 points, name this European body of water which separates the British Isles from mainland Europe

English Channel

This composer's first piano concerto was not performed for twelve years after its premiere because of critic Eduard Hanslick dubbing it the "Triangle Concerto" for its prominent use of that instrument. That E flat major piano concerto by this composer supposedly had the words "none of you understand this haha" set to the orchestral introduction. The Faust legend inspired both this composer's (*) Faust Symphony and his set of four Mephisto Waltzes. This virtuoso pianist's electric stage presence lead to a namesake "mania" for his music across 19th century Europe. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer known for his Dante Symphony and his Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Franz Liszt

An early leader who died at Lake George in this conflict earlier claimed that the "Covenant Chain" between a European power and confederacy was broken. The first battle of this conflict saw the defeat of a British militia and Mingo warriors led by a "Half-King" at Jumonville Glen. A namesake expedition in this conflict was ambushed at the Monongahela River by forces under Daniel Beaujeu, leading to the death of General ​(*) Braddock. That expedition to Fort Duquesne (du-CANE) included future generals Thomas Gage and the constructor of Fort Necessity, George Washington. For 10 points, name this North American theater of the Seven Years' War which included extensive use of Native allies

French and Indian War

In a play by this author, the squire Robert de Baudricourt refers to English soldiers as "goddams." Later in that play by this man, a female military commander is able to identify the dauphin of France on sight and causes the winds to change so an army can cross a river. In a different play by this man, the anarchist Jack Tanner is selected to be the guardian of Ann in Mr. Whitefield's will, though he later goes on to marry her. That play by him features the oft-cut third act (*) Don Juan in Hell. In his most famous play, this man created the linguist Henry Higgins who attempts to change the manner of speech of Eliza Doolittle. For 10 points, name this author of the plays Saint Joan, Man and Superman, and Pygmalion.

George Shaw

This artist was influenced by Arthur Wesley Dow's compositional theory during this artist's time at the University of Virginia, leading to a series of flattened depictions of the campus. This artist painted a series of paintings featuring tall flagpoles in front of houses as part of this artist's "My New Yorks" series. This artist made a series of spiraling sculptures called "Abstractions" that were inspired by (*) rams' horns. This artist often painted the flat-topped mountains around her property of Ghost Ranch in New Mexico. For 10 points, name this American artist who was married to Alfred Stieglitz and is best known for colorfully abstract depictions of flowers and animal bones.

Georgia O'Keeffe

An atonal opera in this language features the title character singing "Still, all is still as if the world died" in opposition to his fellow soldiers' sadism. An opera in this language features a shooting contest in which a bullet's path is influenced to hit Agatha, the lover of its protagonist Max. In a different opera in this language, Leonore disguises herself as the title character to rescue her husband Florestan from prison. That opera is (*) Fidelio, the only opera by Beethoven. The genre of Singspiel was developed in this language and is exemplified by Mozart's The Magic Flute. For 10 points, name this language used in the operas of Carl Maria von Weber and Richard Wagner

German

This military leader's legacy is honored in his home country each year on November 6 in celebrations including pastries with chocolate or marzipan reliefs of this man. This leader gained control of Livonia after signing the Treaty of Altmark with Poland. In one battle, this leader was victorious after constructing a pontoon bridge over the Lech River. After this victor at the Battle of Rain was killed at the Battle of Lutzen, his chancellor (*) Axel Oxenstierna continued to fight in his stead. This man's troops outflanked those of the Count of Tilly in his win at the Battle of Breitenfeld. For 10 points, name this protestant King of Sweden during the Thirty Years War known as the "Lion of the North."

Gustavus Adolphus

A text usually named for one of these objects asserts "The Perfection of wisdom is the greatest mantra / It is the clearest mantra / the highest mantra." Margaret Mary Alacoque was a Christian mystic best known for advocating devotion to a "sacred" one of these objects. A Buddhist text named for one of these objects opens by asserting "Body is nothing more than emptiness / emptiness is nothing more than body." The "Five Wounds of Christ" are usually depicted as two hands, two feet, and one of these things. When (*) Catholics perform the sign of the cross, they refer to "The Son" while touching a place on the body corresponding to this thing. For 10 points, name this internal organ that is often used to symbolized the center of one's being or love

Heart

In a novel, this thing is used by a cult that forms around the Tunguska meteor incident to "make people's heart sing." That novel is the first in a trilogy by Vladimir Sorokin named for this substance, which also includes the novels ​Bro and ​23,000​. The first line of (*) One Hundred Years of Solitude famously mentions the discovery of this substance. A poem states that "But if it had to perish twice / I think I know enough of hate /To say that for destruction by this substance / Is also great." For 10 points, a Robert Frost poem contrasts the end of the world by means of fire and what other substance?

Ice

The teachings of one leader of this faith were divided into twelve Angas and fourteen Purvas at the council of Patliputra after centuries of oral tradition. A temple of this religion at Pavapuri contains footmarks said to be from a figure important to this religion. Rishabha is the first of (*) 24 legendary leaders of this faith, the last of whom was a contemporary of the Buddha. One of the two main sects of this religion holds that women cannot attain enlightenment and that one should own no possessions including clothes, which is why the Digambara sect goes naked. The doctrine of non-harm, or ahimsa, is central to—for 10 points—what religion of the Indian subcontinent?

Jainism

In one poem, this poet declares "bless my beard / they aye shall be / my beloved Trinity" referring to his demand for "women, wine, and snuff." The speaker of one of this poet's poems says "I see a lily on thy brow / with anguish moist and fever dew," suggesting that a knight's vision of a "fairy's child" might be a hallucination. The title deity asks "Saturn is fallen, am I too to fall?" in this poet's abandoned retelling of the Titanomachia. This poet of (*) ​"Hyperion" penned a ballad that begins "O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms / Alone and palely loitering," and he wrote that "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" in one of his "Great Odes" of 1819. For 10 points, name this British Romantic poet of "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn."

John Keats

One Biblical figure with this name was, with Matthias, one of two people selected to replace Judas Iscariot as an apostle. Another Biblical figure with this name apocryphally created the Glastonbury Thorn with his staff. Yet another Biblical figure of this name pardoned a brother for the supposed theft of a (*) ​silver cup. One Biblical figure with this name owned the tomb Jesus was buried in and another man with this name was told that he shouldn't divorce a pregnant woman to whom he was betrothed. For 10 points, give this name shared by a man of Arimathaea, a dude with a colorful coat, and the husband of the Virgin Mary.

Joseph

A novel by this author focuses on the failed businessman Axel Heyst and his Chinese assistant Wang who both perish on an Indonesian island when three desperados invade their estate seeking treasure. This author of ​Victory also wrote a story in which an unnamed sea captain hides the castaway Leggatt, who flees another ship after murdering a man while in the Gulf of Siam. In a novella by this author, a Russian (*) harlequin greets the protagonist at the end of a river journey, which is narrated in a frame story from the deck of the Nellie. That novella by this author is often published with his story "The Secret Sharer" and describes Marlow's journey to find the insane ivory trader Kurtz. For 10 points, name this Polish-British author who wrote Heart of Darkness

Joseph Conrad

In this author's ​Two Upbuilding Discourses, ​he argues that the relationship between an individual and God is based on faith, not on knowledge. In another book, this author included a fictional letter addressed to 'A.' That work was titled "The Aesthetic Validity of Marriage." This author asserted that not knowing that you are in despair is the most basic type of despair in (*) ​The Sickness Unto Death. In one work, this author gave four alternate versions of the biblical story of Abraham sacrificing Isaac, and suggested that infinite resignation is not the same as faith. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Fear and Trembling and Either/Or

Kierkegaard

One work from this nation recounts how Aunt Jacinta died the week before and notes that it is "raining like never before" in the section "We're very poor." That work, ​Burning Plain​, was followed by a novel narrated by Juan Preciado set primarily in a ghost town​. A novelist from this country wrote about Felipe Montero in (*) Aura and described the deathbed confessions of a corrupt tycoon in another novel. That novelist recounted the disappearance of Ambrose Bierce during this nation's revolution in The Old Gringo. For 10 points, name this home nation of authors Juan Rulfo and Carlos Fuentes.

Mexico

A rock formation called Camel Rock is found in the Tesuque Reservation north of this state's capital. That capital of this state contains the Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi and the Institute of American Indian Arts. Walter De Maria's destination art piece ​The Lightning Field is located in this state, which also contains the Very Large Area radio telescope facility. (*) ​Carlsbad Caverns are in the southeastern corner of this state, and this state also contains the town of ​Truth or Consequences, named after a game show. The atomic bomb was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in this state. It's not Colorado, but this state's capital has the highest elevation of any state capital. For 10, points, name this southwestern state whose capital is Santa Fe.

New Mexico

A prison cook who appears in a film named for this character repeatedly says "I don't do nothing for no one for nothing." In that film this character works as a window washer to earn enough money to buy an antique pop up book for his Aunt Lucy, though he is framed for the theft of the book by the actor-criminal Phoenix Buchanon. In an earlier film, this character is pursued by the museum taxidermist Millicent Clyde after he is adopted by the (*) Brown family, whose matriarch is played by Sally Hawkins. This character first appeared in a 1958 book by Michael Bond, and was named for the London train station where he was found.

Paddington Brown

Johann Otto von Spreckelsen won a 1982 contest to design a monument in this city, meant to commemorate humanitarian ideals rather than military victories, which resembles a hollow cube. A different building in this city which houses a public information library and a modern art museum was designed by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, and exemplifies the high-tech architecture movement. (*) ​Shakespeare and Company bookstore lies near a cathedral in this city that features sculptures of gargoyles and chimeras which act as column support. The tallest structure in this city is an iron lattice tower which was constructed for the 1899 World's Fair. For 10 points, name this European city that features Pompidou Center and the Eiffel Tower

Paris

A contemporary poet with this surname mentions "a chameleon inside, starving" in her poem "The President Has Never Said the Word 'Black'" from her collection ​There Are More Beautiful Things Than Beyoncé​. A different writer with this surname notes that "Guns aren't lawful / Nooses give" in her humorous suicide poem (*) "Résumé." That writer with this surname was a founding member of the Algonquin Round Table known for her witty writing in The New Yorker. In Life of Pi, the tiger who inhabits the lifeboat has this surname. For 10 points, give this surname of the poets Morgan and Dorothy, which also is the surname of the secret identity of Spiderman

Parker

During one of these conflicts, about 200 prisoners were put to death after failing to answer yes to the question "have you in the present war done any service to" one side. During one of these conflicts, the general Tolmides failed to retake a revolting city at the Battle of Coronea. After withdrawing from (*) Boeotia, one side in one of these conflicts defeated the other at Tanagra. The last of these conflicts ended with Lysander crushing one side's fleet at the Battle of Aegospotami. Thucydides described a famous funeral oration given by Pericles for those who died in one of these conflicts. For 10 points, name this set of two conflicts in ancient Greece, fought between the Athens-led Delian League and a namesake league led by Sparta

Peloponnesian Wars

Tosca and Knut are this type of animal in a novel titled for their "Memoirs" by Japanese-German author Yoko Tawada. The US intervention in the Russian Civil War involved a 5000 man unit named for these animals landing in Arkhangelsk, Russia. Donald Tovey famously described Sibelius's Violin Concerto as a (*) polonaise for these animals. The coat of arms for Greenland has one of these animals on it. Nanook is the Inuit god of these animals, which often feed on walruses, arctic foxes, and seals. For 10 points, name this arctic predator whose population is dwindling due to loss of hunting ground as a result of climate change

Polar Bear

When a woman in this novel says she prefers fresh fruit over ragout (RA-GOO), Mr. Hurst decides to not talk to her. A clergyman and heir to Longbourn estate becomes engaged to the best friend of the narrator of this novel, who "accepted him solely from the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment." In this novel, the militia captain George (*) Wickham has his immediate debts paid after agreeing to not disgrace Lydia. This novel opens with a mother attempting to get her girls to visit Netherfield Hall, the house of Mr. Bingley. For 10 points, name this novel by Jane Austen narrated by Elizabeth Bennet who initially hates the wealthy Mr. Darcy

Pride and Prejudice

One maxim associated with this philosopher's school of thought was "all things in common among friends." This philosopher preached a form of reincarnation known as "metempsychosis," or "transmigration of souls," and he described how the noise made by the planets combines into a celestial "music of the spheres." Followers of this philosopher, who lived in the city of Croton, abstained from (*) eating beans since they believed they had souls. This philosopher is best known for discovering the mathematical relation that can be generalized as the law of cosines and which is the basis of the distance formula. For 10 points, name this philosopher whose namesake "theorem" relates the length of the right triangle's hypotenuse to the length of the other two sides.

Pythagoras

The jazz trio Vein released a 2017 album of re-imaginings of this composer's pieces as jazz songs, including his ​Five O'Clock Foxtrot.​ A piano four-hands piece this composer originally wrote for the Godebski children was later orchestrated as a five-piece suite called ​Mother Goose​. This composer used the structure of a baroque dance suite in his solo piano suite written in honor of (*) ​Francois Couperin. In this composer's most famous piece, the repetitive melody is carried by the flute, then the clarinet, then the bassoon, and eventually by the tenor saxophone, all over a ¾ snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer best known for his Bolero.

Ravel

In a poem about one of these animals, the speaker entreats the title creature to "hurry back to Spain" after asking "Why winter here?" That poem is "Advice to ​this animal in Russia" by Joel Barlow. One of these animals is called "Prophet" and "Thing of Evil" in a different poem after it is asked "Is there (*) balm in Gilead?" The speaker of that poem assumes the tapping of this animal at his chamber door is first a visitor then the wind before seeing it perched on a bust of Pallas. For 10 points, name this bird that repeatedly squawks "Nevermore" in an Edgar Allan Poe poem

Raven

To account for their bizarre presence in medieval illuminated manuscripts fighting knights, scholar Lilian Randall claimed that these animals represented the Lombards in those artworks. The disease Schistosomiasis is caused by flatworms whose vector is these animals. The practice of raising these animals as food is known as heliciculture. The giant triton type of this animal can grow up to a foot and a half long and feeds on starfish. Hermaphroditic examples of these animals may use (*) ​love darts to mate. ​The murex genus of these animals was used by Phoenicians to make royal purple dye. For 10 points, name these shelled gastropods which are eaten in French cuisine as escargot.

Snails

An emperor of this dynasty signed the Shanyuan treaty, elevating the Khitan state of Liao as equals to the imperial dynasty. Thinkers like Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi developed Neo-Confucianism by mixing in Buddhist ideals during this dynasty. The first emperor of this dynasty, Taizu, ended the disruptive period of (*) ​Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in China. This Chinese dynasty developed gunpowder to repel Jurchen invaders, only to enter its "Southern" period after the north was lost to the Jin Dynasty. For 10 points, name this Chinese Dynasty overthrown by Mongol invaders who established the Yuan Dynasty.

Song Dynasty

This philosophical work became popular after a series of lectures on it was given by Alexandre Kojeve. In this work, the author explains why neither of two men can die in a "death struggle," since that would be an "abstract negation." The most notable concept presented in this work is explained through the example of a lord and a bondsman in a mutual struggle for recognition. Along with the author's other work, ​The Science of Logic​, this work uses the term (*) "sublation" to describe part of a process involving thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. The master-slave dialectic is presented in—for 10 points—what best known work of George Hegel?

The Phenomenology of Spirit

One character in this play notes that "Hell is empty / And all the devils are here." Another character in this play responds "Your tale sir, would cure deafness" after repeatedly being asked if she is paying attention. A character in this play describes "bones [that] are coral made" after declaring (*) "Full fathom five your father lies." A steward and a jester named Stephano and Trinculo help Caliban overthrow his master in this play, and King Alonso believes he is shipwrecked along with Antonio after the Duke of Milan conjures a storm. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play in which Prospero tries to restore Miranda to her rightful throne.

The Tempest

In one account, the purpose of this object is nearly revealed when Anticlus attempts to call out to who he believes to be his wife before another man clasps Anticlus' mouth shut with his hand. The priest ​Laocoön was strangled by two sea snakes sent by Poseidon because of his warnings about this object. This Epeius-constructed object is accompanied by (*) Sinon, who informs the citizens of a certain city he was abandoned by his countrymen and this object was left behind as an offering from Athena. For 10 points, name this hollow wooden object, from which men like Neoptolemus and Odysseus emerge after it is brought through the gates of a namesake city

The Trojan Horse

A 1917 event in Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne centering on one of these objects resulted in the death of approximately 700 French soldiers due to General Émile Fayolle's unprecedented gun-waving. In 2015, a previously impeccable safety record was marred after a man self-immolated himself aboard one of these things, resulting in the deaths of himself and another passenger. British imperialist Cecil Rhodes sponsored a project to link (*) ​Cape Town to Cairo by means of these things. The SS Baikal ferry was used to link the Eastern and Western portions of a "Trans-Siberian" network that these things traveled upon. For 10 points, what vehicles carried passengers from Omaha to San Francisco on the Transcontinental Railroad?

Trains

This thinker ended one work by noting that it was not "summer bloom" that lies ahead, but rather a "polar night of icy darkness and hardness." In that essay, this thinker described tradition, charisma, and law as three ways for a government to achieve legitimate authority. In his best known work, which was initially translated into English by Talcott Parsons, this thinker posited that society underwent a series of (*) disenchantments that led to the imposition of the "iron cage of rationality" of the bureaucracy, and that the work practices of Calvinists led to the economic growth in Western society. For 10 points, name this author of "Politics as a Vocation" and The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

Weber

. Spearfinger, the enemy of Stone man, is one of these figures from Cherokee myth. In the "Peredur" story from the Mabinogion, nine of these figures from Gloucester kill several of Arthur's knights, and in a different Welsh tale Culhwch is tasked with retrieving the blood of the "black" one of these figures from the Highlands of Hell. In Slavic mythology, one of these figures flies around in a mortar and wields a pestle, and is called (*) Baba Yaga. Hecate is a minor Greek goddess usually associated with this type of person. A Guide to Grand-Jury Men and Malleus Maleficarum are two treatises on dealing with this type of person. For 10 points, identify these female figures from legend who in popular culture have black cats and fly on broomsticks

Witch

In Steve Erickson's novel ​Shadowbahn​, a structure central to this event appears in the South Dakota Badlands and is home to Jessie Presley, Elvis's brother. In Don DeLillo's ​Falling Man​, the title performance artist takes inspiration from this event, and this event happens midway through Thomas Pynchon's ​Bleeding Edge​. In a different novel, Oskar Schell finds a key in a vase belong to his father, who died in this event. That novel is (*) Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer. For 10 points, name this 21st century event that inspired Art Spiegelman's graphic novel In The Shadow of No Towers

9/11

In a myth from this country, the massive frog Tiddalik drank all the world's fresh water until a dancing eel was able to cause him to laugh it all back up. According to one story from this country, the eagle god Bunjil stopped the seas from rising during time of war by thrusting his spear into the seas. Bunyips are large carnivorous beasts that inhabit the bodies of water of this country according to native myths. (*) Songlines are contours on the landscape from a creation myth that can be used by natives of this country to remember directions in the wilderness. The Yowie is a cryptid that is the country's equivalent to North America's Bigfoot. The Rainbow Serpent created humanity during the dreamtime in—for 10 points—what country whose mythology comes from its Aboriginal people?

Australia

This nation's Harvester Case, decided by the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, guaranteed unskilled laborers a living wage in it. The Caledon Bay Crisis in this nation saw native people kill five Japanese fisherman searching for a certain type of sea cucumber on its shores, while policeman Albert McColl was killed by Yolngu people in the immediate aftermath. This nation's Prime Minister, Harold Holt, headed the UAP and was presumed to have (*) ​drowned while swimming in a resort town. During the Pacific War, this nation served as refuge for General MacArthur immediately after the loss of the Philippines and its city of Darwin was attacked by two hundred Japanese aircrafts. For 10 points name this nation with cities such as Melbourne and Sydney

Australia

A poem named for this U.S. state claims "If you come to a land with no ancestors to bless you / you have to be your own ancestor," before concluding that "the good thing about being Chinese on Amtrak / is no one sits next to you." That poem is titled "Riding into" ​this state​, and was written by Shirley Geok-lin Lim. A different poem partially titled for this state describes "strolling past blue automobiles in driveways," and its speaker asks (*) "who killed the pork chops? What price banana?" Garcia Lorca and Walt Whitman are found in a supermarket in this state in a poem by Allen Ginsberg. For 10 points, name this West Coast state, the setting of a novel in verse by Vikram Seth called The Golden Gate.

California

The Greeks apocryphally defeated a force from this city in Himera on the same day they defeated a Persian fleet at Salamis in 480 BCE. This city's highest constitutional authority was a tribunal called the "Hundred and Four," and it had two judges called "Suffetts." Gods like Malquart could be found on this city's currency Shekel, along with scenes such as a man riding an elephant. The ruins of the Sanctuary of Tanit reveal that (*) ​child sacrifice in a tophet was prevalent in this city. This capital city, whose name translates to "New City" in Phoenician, had its fields sown with salt at the end of the Third Punic War. For 10 points, name this ancient city which names a North African civilization which rivaled Rome

Carthage

Early texts of this religion described sex as a "Joining of the Essences," and advocated men stopping just short of orgasm to preserve their life force. Members of this religion often pull all-nighters on the 57th day of every 60-day cycle, to prevent a set of evil worms from leaving their body to snitch about their misdeeds. To starve those same worms, this religion's followers often refuse to eat grains of any sort in a ritual known as (*) bigu. Members of this faith may congregate at the White Cloud Temple, and utilize both "internal" and "external" forms of alchemy to achieve immortality, thus becoming xian (SHEE-EN). Compassion, moderation, and humility are typically referred to as this religion's "three treasures." "Non-action," or wu wei, is advocated in—for 10 points—which primarily Chinese religion, founded by Laozi?

Daoism

This economist defined one concept as the economic advantage of using a given land site in contrast to the least productive one in his formulation of the Law of Rent. Consumers are hypothesized to internalize the government's budget constraints in a concept named for this man. That concept named for him implies that the method used for financing government spending doesn't affect consumption differently, this man's namesake (*) "equivalence." This economist also developed a theory in which countries should produce goods for which they have the lowest autarky price, which he illustrated using English cloth and Portuguese wine. For 10 points, name this economist who developed the classical theory of comparative advantage

David Ricardo

This is the first noun in the title of a painting which features a paper that partially translates "My great unhappiness gives me a right to your benevolence." Another painting with this first word in its title features three family members of the central figure ascending a staircase in the background. The central figure slumps over clutching a (*) quill near a knife in a painting titled for this event, and another painting described by this word sees its central figure point upward while reaching for a cup of hemlock while his companion Crito clutches his leg. For 10 points, name these events that are central to two Jacques-Louis David paintings featuring Marat and Socrates

Death (Accept Death of Socrates and or Death or Marat)

One ruler of this name allowed Algirdas of Lithuania to capture Bryansk without military response. That ruler's predecessor became a monk, then perished in the Black Plague; that brother was Simeon the Proud. The sixth ruler of this name was known as "the nameless one" during his imprisonment at Shlisselburg. An earlier Grand Duke of this name notably annexed Uglich and Galich by lending their rulers money until they defaulted. The third ruler of this name used a verbal error to give him precedent to march on (*) ​Novgorod; that man famously "threw off the Tatar yoke," freeing Russia from the Golden Horde. For 10 points, what name was possessed by rulers known as "Moneybags," "The Great," and "The Terrible?"

Ivan

In a story by this author, a character faints after ordering a chicken sandwich and milk while on a date with her boyfriend, Lane Coutell. In that story, the title character discusses a book in which a Russian monk learns to pray without ceasing titled ​The Way of a Pilgrim​. In another story by this man, a woman leaves to drink martinis after applying suntan lotion to her daughter. A man kisses the arch of a little (*) ​girl's foot shortly before shooting himself in a story by this author in which Seymour Glass discusses the title aquatic animal. The collection Nine Stories was written by—for 10 points—what author of "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" who also wrote about Pencey Prep dropout Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye?

JD Salinger

An author from this nation created an insomniac protagonist who is introduced to The Weaver Festival Phenomenon by Urara in the novel ​Kitchen​. In another novel from this country, Li teaches boys from a reformatory school how to hunt birds, resulting in a festival. A medium named Malta Kano and her sister Creta are enlisted in helping find a (*) ​cat in this country in another novel from here. A novelist from this nation created the drama student Toru in his novel Norwegian Wood and wrote the novel The Wind-up Bird Chronicle. For 10 points, name this home country of Kenzaburo Oe and Haruki Murakami

Japan

In a variation on one of this man's ideas, James Tobin asserted that long-term changes in consumption are related to short-term changes in a nation's wealth. This man's most famous work advocates burying bottles of money and hiring people to dig them up to lower unemployment. One of this economist's ideas uses a 45-degree line diagram to illustrate that equilibrium is reached when total national output equals (*) aggregate demand. A school known for adapting this man's ideas included John Hicks and Paul Samuelson, and that school broke from this man's belief that fiscal policy is vastly more important than monetary policy. The absolute income hypothesis and a namesake "cross" were formulated by—for 10 points—which British economist who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money?

John Maynard Keynes

Eve Sussman's film ​89 Seconds at Alcázar imagines the brief period of time leading up to the formation of the scene depicted in this painting. In the background of this painting, reproductions of two Peter Paul Rubens scenes from Ovid's ​Metamorphoses can be seen above a doorway. A figure on the left side of this painting who holds an easel had a royal insignia added to his chest after the death of this painting's artist. In addition to a self (*) portrait of the artist painting on the left, King Philip IV of Spain can be seen in the reflection of a mirror in this painting's background. A young girl in this painting's foreground has a butterfly-shaped hairpin and stands next to the Infanta Margarita

Las Meninas

A synagogue on Creechurch Lane was built in this city after a 365-year ban on Jews in this city was lifted. President of the Continental Congress Henry Laurens was once held in a notorious prison in this city, which also held the Kray Twins just before its closing. Joseph Bazalgette designed a sewer system for this city which largely alleviated a series of (*) ​cholera outbreaks here. A coffee shop in this city owned by Edward Lloyd eventually became an internationally known insurance market. A 1666 fire in this city was documented in the diary of Samuel Pepys, while Daniel Defoe wrote his Journal of the Plague Year based on his experience in this city. For 10 points, name this national capital where Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament

London

This poet wrote "What deaf and viperous murder could crown / Life's early cup with such a draught of woe" in a long poem that suggests the "poison" of critics killed the title character. That poem by this poet includes the image of its dedicatee "burning through the innermost veil of heaven" "like a star" and compares life to "a dome of many-color'd glass" staining "the white radiance of eternity." Another poem by this author describes "the hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed" and the (*) "sneer of cold command" belonging to a half sunk shattered visage in the sand seen by a "a traveller from an antique land." For 10 points, name this author of "Adonais" who wrote "look on my works, ye mighty, and despair" in "Ozymandias."

Percy Shelley

Michael Dugan was fired during this conflict for revealing plans to bomb a capital city. Veterans of this conflict suffered from a namesake "syndrome" which is thought be be a result of the combination of tropical disease vaccinations and organophosphate insecticides. One side in this conflicted intentionally pumped 6 to 8 million barrels of (*) oil into a body of water, polluting about 400 miles of coastline. Sheikh Jaber al-Sabah fled his nation during an invasion in this conflict. A meeting in Helsinki saw the United States and the Soviet Union agree to intervene in this conflict, which saw many casualties along the "Highway of Death." For 10 points, name this early 1990s conflict in which a Saddam Hussein-led Iraq invaded neighboring Kuwait

Persian Gulf War

This composer collaborated with David Byrne in producing the studio album ​Songs from Liquid Days.​ This composer's second string quartet was used as incidental music by Samuel Beckett's theater company, while his third was used in the film ​Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters​. Another work by this composer treats the legend of Walt Disney's cryogenic freezing and is titled ​The Perfect American​. An opera by this composer sets (*) Sanskrit text from the Bhagavad Gita to music and depicts the life of Gandhi. That work is part of a series that also includes a work with a "Spaceship" scene, whose sections are separated by "Knee Plays" in which the performers repeatedly sing numbers. For 10 points, name this minimalist composer whose Portrait Trilogy includes Einstein on the Beach.

Philip Glass

In a famous photograph, Marcel Duchamp can be seen in front of his sculpture ​Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even performing this activity with Eve Babitz, who is completely naked. A set of 12th century objects used in this activity are named for either Uig (EW-ig) or Lewis and were found in the Scottish Shetland Islands. Objects used in this activity from India often feature sculptured figures of soldiers riding (*) ​camels and elephants. In the film The Seventh Seal, Max von Sydow's character performs this activity with a personification of death. For 10 points, name this leisure activity that involves the use of an eight by eight board and pieces called bishops, knights, and pawns

Playing Chess

A bandleader who plays this instrument had a video installation at the 2017 Whitney Biennial which used his piece "Truth" from his album ​Harmony of Dif erence.​ That bandleader who plays this instrument composed the tracks "Changing of the Guard" and "The Rhythm Changes" for his three hour album ​The Epic.​ Kamasi Washington plays this instrument, as does a hard bop musician known for albums like ​The Bridge and one called ​this instrument ​Colossus. That man is (*) Sonny Rollins. Another player of this instrument used a gong hit to open an album featuring movements called "Acknowledgment" and "Resolution." For 10 points, the albums A Love Supreme and My Favorite Things were made by John Coltrane, a player of what instrument?

Saxophone

One of these items inspired the name for Roman auction houses known as the "Hastarium." The Barsha, a variant of this item, was wielded by an armed contingent of Sikhs called the Nihang. A red horse hair tassel is found below the head of a Chinese form of this weapon known as the Qiang. The (*) Assegai was a weapon of this type equipped by Shaka's armed body of men known as Impi. The Sarissa was an elongated version of this weapon wielded by Hellenic soldiers such as the Hoplites. For 10 points, name this type of pole weapon with forms such as the pike and lance

Spear

Robert Conquest's book ​Harvest of Sorrow details event promulgated by this leader. This leader led the anti-semitic "Doctor's Plot" campaign in which he accused several Jewish physicians of plotting to assassinate leaders of his government. A speech denouncing this leader noted that "not even the (*) czars created prizes they named after themselves." That speech which denounced this then-recently deceased leader was Khrushchev's "Secret Speech." This man implemented a series of Five Year Plans in his country which resulted in the kolkhoz collective farming system. For 10 points, name this leader of the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin, who led his nation through World War II.

Stalin

The speaker of one of this author's poems entreats the reader to "Take a look at the white, high berg on his forehead" after earlier claiming there is "No use whistling for the Lyonesse." This poet described the sun as a "red / Eye, the cauldron of morning" in a poem describing a jarring ride on the title (*) ​horse. This author used the lines "I rise with my red hair / and I eat men like air" to conclude one of her poems, and in another poem she wrote that "every woman adores a Fascist" before asserting that "There's a stake in your fat black heart." For 10 points, name this American confessional poet who wrote "Ariel," "Lady Lazarus," and "Daddy."

Sylvia Plath

A Gian Carlo Menotti opera named for one of these objects centers on Ben and Lucy, the latter of whom is constantly distracted by one of these objects. An opera by Francis Poulenc for one soprano and orchestra centers on the suicidal Elle who uses one of these objects for its duration. Salvador Dali created a surrealist sculpture by combining one of these objects with a (*) lobster. The Harvard sentences are often used to test these objects. Controversy exists as to whether Elisha Grey or another man actually invented this device. The first phrase transmitted on one of these devices was "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you." For 10 points, name these communication devices invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

Telephone

. In one play by this man, a character carries a "Diana Trophy" that she won in an intercollegiate archery championship. In that play by this author, a pro football player commits suicide, and yet another character in that play often complains of a (*) spastic colon. In another of this man's plays, the protagonist's husband commits suicide when his homosexuality is discovered, and that protagonist loses Belle Reve, prompting her to visit her sister Stella. For 10 points, name this playwright who created characters like "Big Daddy" Pollitt and Blanche Dubois in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and A Streetcar Named Desire.

Tennessee Williams

Antonello Da Messina's version of this scene features a small owl and a snake slithering through a skull in the foreground. The left panel of a colorful Van Eyck diptych shows this Biblical scene flanked by a version of the Last Judgment. The central panel of the ​Isenheim Altarpiece shows this scene. Raphael painted a (*) "Mond" version of this scene, in which the central figure is flanked by two angels. An extremely wide version of this scene by Tintoretto shows light emanating from its central figure, who is offered a sponge soaked with vinegar. For 10 points, name this common artistic scene that takes place on Golgotha and sees a man nailed to a wooden object.

The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ

In the opera ​Rusalka, the title water nymph describes her love for the Prince in a "Song to" this entity. In Norma, ​this entity is addressed by the title character in the aria "​Casta Diva​." ​A movement named for this entity is marked ​andante très expressif​, and is the third movement of the ​Suite ​(*) Bergamasque by Debussy. An instruction to play the entire first movement with the sustain pedal depressed appears in a piece Ludwig Rellstab described as evoking this entity's reflection on Lake Lucerne. For 10 points, name this celestial body that appears in the nickname of Beethoven's Piano Sonata 14.

The Moon

This playwright depicted a series of ninety consecutive meals across generations of a family in ​The Long Christmas Dinner​. In another of this author's plays, a man is sworn in as the president of the Honorable Association of Mammals. In that play by this man, a maid disguised as a beauty queen, (*) Sabina, attempts to seduce George. Another play by this man ends with a character reliving her 12th birthday and features characters such as George Gibbs and Emily Webb. In that play by this man, the Stage Manager guides the audience around Grover's Corners. For 10 points, name this American playwright of The Skin of Our Teeth and Our Town.

Thornton Wilder

These animals are the subject of a parable told by Colonel Hathi in the short story "How Fear Came," wherein he explains why these animals are sometimes allowed to kill humans for sport. A children's book partially titled for one of these animals depicts Sophie, a young girl who wishes she could play the ukulele. That work is titled for one of these animals "That Came to Tea." In a short story partially titled for one of these animals, a "semi-barbaric" king devises a mechanism for suspected (*) ​criminals to administer justice to themselves. That story partially titled for this animal was written by Frank Stockton. In The Jungle Book, an animal of this type is extremely prideful despite his broken leg. Shere Khan is—for 10 points—what type of large cat?

Tiger

Derek Parfit's "Repugnant Conclusion" describes how adhering to the principles of this school of thought could lead to overpopulation. The founder of this school of philosophy described how a "felicific calculus" can be used to asses the morality of an action in ​An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation​. Animal rights activist Peter Singer is generally considered to be a member of this school. The (*) "act" form of this philosophy is more widely practiced than the "rule" form. The founder of this school, who theorized a circular prison called the panopticon, was Jeremy Bentham. A John Stuart Mill treatise is titled after—for 10 points—what school of philosophy that promotes the greatest good for the greatest number of people?

Utilitarianism

Lionel Giles refuted Everard Ferguson Calthrop's translation of a treatise about this practice, claiming that he had "willfully distorted or slurred over" difficult passages. One of the reasons for engaging in this practice was described by Karl Walzer as preventing "crimes that shock the moral conscious of mankind." This practice was described as "merely the continuation of policy by other means" in the best known work of (*) Carl von Clausewitz. In City of God, St. Augustine described how this practice could be acceptable when it was authorized by a legitimate government, which he called the "just" form of this practice. A treatise on this subject advises the reader to "know the enemy and know thyself." For 10 points, Sun Tzu wrote about the "art of" what subject involving fighting between multiple states?

War

In Daoism, during Duanwu, realgar or cinnabar is added to this substance, and this substance is a common sacrifice at Daoist funerals. In 1st Timothy, Paul instructs Timothy to drink this substance for stomach aches. Jews traditionally drink four cups of this substance at Passover. Noah declared a curse on Canaan after consuming a large (*) ​amount of this substance. Jesus's first recorded miracle was turning water into this substance at the wedding at Cana and Catholics teach that this substance becomes Jesus's blood through transubstantiation. For 10 points, name this alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes.

Wine