spc midterm

language the emphasizes ownership of thoughts and feelings is called

"I" language

variations in language rules shared by large groups of people are known as

dialects

when nonverbal messages contradict verbal messages, people tend to believe the verbal messages more

false

defamation can be desribed as

false communication, libel when in written form, slander when spoken (all of the above)

action-oriented listeners

focus on tasks, organization, to-the-point messages

appropiateness

following the relevant rules, norms, and expectations for specific relationships and situations achieved through self-monitoring

Harold Lasswell

four persuasive aims of government propaganda: who gets what, when, and how

hugging a friend you haven't seen in a while is an example of

friendship-warmth touch

Semi-fixed features

furniture, lightning,color

Gestalt

general impression of a person

self-esteem

how you feel about yourself overall value you assign to yourself

stages of listening: interpreting

identifying implications in persons words

which type of gesture accents verbal messages

illustrators

verbal and nonverbal behaviors that have contradictory meanings are called

incongruent messages

cicero's objectives of public speaking

instruct persuade honor

when you practice nonverbal inhibition, you

limit or control your nonverbal behavior

communication model

linear communication interactive communication transactional communication

stages of listening: positive feedback

look directly at the speaker. smile, position body toward speaker. lean forward

when lyle and his girlfriend engage in public displays of affection such as holding hands, hugging, and kissing, what type of touch are they using

love-intimacy touch

while communicating with someone from a high-contact culture, it would be wise

maintain close physical proximity

mnemonics

mental devices that aid memory

impression

mental images of people, who they are, how you feel about them

horn effect

negative gestalt

which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is true?

nonverbal communication conveys more meaning the verbal communication

self-concept

our understanding and evaluation of who we are based on beliefs, attitudes, and values

mask

outward presentation to cover private aspects of self

ideal self

person we would like to be, the qualities that you want to possess

internal factors

personality, character, and emotions that cause a behavior

stages of listening: Hearing

physically processing sound

halo effect

positive Gestalt (impression)

face

positive self you want others to believe

Artifacts

possessions that communicate identity to others

the number one response given by convicted muggers of what they look for in potential victims was

posture

self-fulfilling prophecy

prediction about interactions that modify behavior , may cause predictions to come true

time-oriented listeners

prefer brief and concise encounters

content-oriented listeners

prefer to be intellectually challenged by messages

language that expresses contempt, dislike, or disdain for a group or its members is called

prejudiced language

pseudo-listening

pretending to listen

Communication

process of creating messages / conveying meaning

if you were asked to deliver a presentation to incoming first-year students at your college, which physical distance zone would you use

public space

perception checking

question your impression of a person

stages of listening: understanding

recognizing literal meaning of words

all languages have their own rules regarding spelling, grammar, and punctuation. what are these rules called?

regulative rules

what is the term for items that represent other things

symbols

self-serving bias

the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors

actor-observer effect

the tendency of people to make external attributions regarding their own behaviors

private self

the way you really are. combination of self awareness, self concept, and self esteem

external factors

things outside the person that caused a behavior

Perception

three step process: selection of info to FOCUS attention on ORGANIZATION of info into understandable pattern INTERPRETATION of meaning of patterns

which of these is a symbol

words

Jean Piaget

Known for his theory of cognitive development in children.. children's ability to perspective-take

to make your communication more understandable, you should

abide by the cooperative principle

Effectiveness

accomplishing tasks that help fulfill organizational objectives

instrumental goals

achieving practical objectives/accomplishing tasks

during steve's presentation he constantly scratches his head and fixes his tie, what kind of gesture is he using?

adaptors

regulative rules apply only to spoken conversation

false

empathy

"feeling into" another person's thoughts and emotions

language that focuses attention on and blames others is called

"you" language

Types of nonverbal communication

-Body Movement(kinesics) - Vocie(vocalics) - Touch (haptics) - Personal Space (proxemics) - Appearence

intimate space

0 to 18in

cicero's 5 requirements of speech crafting

1. invention 2. arrangement 3.style 4.memory 5.delivery

public space

12 feet or more

personal space

18 inches to 4 feet

social space

4-12 feet

individualistic culture

A culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to themselves. individual goals> group goals

self-discrepancy theory

A theory that behavior is motivated by standards reflecting ideal and ought selves.

mediated communication

Any communication that is carried out using some channel other than those used in face-to-face communication. separated by technological device

selective listening

a listening style in which the receiver responds only to messages that interest him or her

when communicating online typing in all capital letters is the equivalent of

a loud volume

if during a medical exam, your physician maintains a neutral face when she finds a problem, what type of behavior is she demonstrating?

an incongruent message

alegebraic impressiona

analyzing positive and negative things about someone, calculating and updating overall impression

objects you posses that help express your identity to others

artifacts

aggressive listening

attend to what others say solely to find an opportunity to attack their conversational partners

fundamental attribution error

attributing others' behavior to internal factors

stages of listening: negative feedback

avoid eye contact, turn your body away, look bored , distracted

dominance can be demonstrated by all of the following except

avoiding eye contact

sarah is upset that her significant other broke up with her, her friend asks what's wrong and sarah says nothing.. which component of cooperative verbal communication is sarah violating?

be honest

which aspect of grice's cooperative principle focuses on using truthful information

be honest

Empathy mindset

beliefs about whether empathy is something that can be developed and controlled

business partners are designing their new office space and furnishings.. hardwood floor and furniture, which aspect of nonverbal communication does this illustrate

both fixed and semi-fixed environmental features

aristoles requirements for persuasion

demonstrates provide logical reasons appeal to emotions

relationship goals

building, maintaining, or terminating bonds with others

stages of listening: remembering

calling messages back into conscious mind

strereotype

categorizing people into a social group, forming impressions based on social group

self-verification theory

choosing relational partners based on self-concept

contexts

class, parties, work, home

stages of listening: Responding

communicating attention and comprehensions to speaker

small group communication

communication among a small number of people who share a common purpose or goal, who feel connected to each other, and who coordinate their behavior

public communication

communication directed at an audience that is larger than a small group

stages of listening: evaluating

comparing new information against past knowledge

symbols tend to derive their meaning from people and their experience. what type of meaning does this illustrate?

connotative meaning

your friend is on a trip, you say "i hate you" but you don't really mean it, it's just envy, what type of meaning does your friend need to comprehend?

connotative meaning

associated or implied meanings are called

connotative meanings

to increase your ability to interpret and understand nonverbal communication, you should

consider the context, practice perception-checking, consider the other person's culture (all of the above)

telling a friend i love that movie while rolling your eyes is an example of what kind of nonverbal communication?

contradicting the verbal message

Messages

convey meaning

in comparing gender and culture and their impact on verbal communication, we can conclude that

culture has a greater impact than gender on verbal communication

collectivistic cultures

cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the group over the needs and goals of the individual. group goals> individual goals

habitually attacking a person online is

cyberbullying

self-presentation goals

deliberately presenting yourself in certain ways

losing face

doing something that contradicts one's face or mask, being perceived as a phony. can cause embarrassment, shame, humiliation, and sadness

behaviors used to exert power and influence over others communicate

dominance

Elton Mayo

effects of coworker interactions on productivity

what type of gesture substitutes for verbal messages

emblems

which of these illustrates the importance of facial expressions in nonverbal communications

emoticons

joachin is telling his parents about a funny cat video.. he imitates the cat's actions. how is joachin's nonverbal communication functioning in the situation?

enhancing the verbal message

critical self-reflection

evaluating and improving communication

social comparison

examining the difference between oneself and another person

attribution

explanation for the behavior. why things are happening

nonverbal communication can be used to

express emotions, manage interactions, present your self (all of the above)

Modalities

face to face interaction

andy knows when he receives a message from his father saying "we need to talk" he's done something wrong. this is an example of denotative meaning of language

false

if while driving you are cut off by another driver and flip them off, you are using an illustrator

false

men smile more often than women

false

If you point in a particular direction while providing someone directions, in what way are you using nonverbal communication?

repeating the verbal message

`people-orientated listeners

see listening as opportunity to establish bonds

interactions

series of exchanged messages

what behavior communicates submissiveness

smiling

sensory channel

sound, sight, touch

beth raises her voice.. emphasizes "STOP", what kind of nonverbal communication technique is being used in this situation?

spotlighting the verbal message

self-awareness

the ability to view yourself as a unique person distinct from your surrounding environment and to reflect on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Rhetoric

the art of using language effectively and persuasively

interpersonal communication

the exchange of thoughts, feelings, and beliefs between two or more people

ought self

the person you think others want you to be

Ethics

the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions

public self

the self we present to others

"You language places blame on other people."

true

"you" language places blame on others

true

affect displays can be unintentional or intentional

true

deception is unethical because it denies other information they may need to make personal on professional decisions.

true

if your communication professor seems to really tailor his lectures and examples to the students in his class, he is demonstrating the cooperative principle

true

language helps people create and reinforce their cultural identity

true

nonverbal communication can be ambiguous because it is governed by rules that vary across cultures

true

of all the body movements, facial expressions convey the most information and have the most impact

true

prejudiced language is a form of stereotyping

true

research suggests that during verbal communication men and women respond in similar matter 99% of the time

true

research suggests that women are better than men at both sending and receiving nonverbal messages

true

symbols can have multiple meanings, which can lead to misunderstanding

true

women typically gaze more at others during interaction than men

true

compared to denotative meaning, connotative meaning is

used more in close, personal relationships

tone, pitch, loudness, and ratio are all components of

vocalics

fixed features

walls, ceilings,floors