special pops - tophat unit 1 - exam 1

which of the following is not an adaptation that would be seen from resistance training? a. increased muscle capillary density b. increased rate of force development c. improvements or maintenance in bone mineral density d. transformation of IIx to IIa fibers

a. increased muscle capillary density

which of the following is not thought to be a contributing factor to the development of sarcopenia? a. increased testosterone levels b. insulin resistance c. inflammation d. physical inactivity

a. increased testosterone levels

match the T-score with the correct condition a. -1.0 b. -2.8 c. 0

a. osteopenia b. osteoporosis c. normal

those with bone disorders should avoid all of the following except: a. resistance training b. explosive movements c. high impact activities d. twisting motions

a. resistance training

systolic and diastolic pressures are also known as

afterload

which of the following is/are considered moderate intensity exercise? a. 1-2.9 METs b. 3-6 METs c. 40-65% VO2max d. greater than 6 METs

b. 3-6 METs c. 40-65% VO2max

which of the following conditions would you not recommend a patient referral from a physician for before working with a client? a. peripheral artery disease b. asthma c. diabetes d. renal disease

b. asthma

which of the following is not a risk factor for low back pain? a. age b. gender c. smoking d. fitness levels

b. gender

You notice during Fred's VO2max test that his blood pressure has gone from 132/85 at rest to 155/90. What do you do? a. stop the test, that change in BP requires test termination b. nothing, these are normal responses

b. nothing, these are normal responses

which of the following releases calcium to the blood when blood levels drop? a. osteoblasts b. osteoclasts c. osteogenic cells d. osteocytes

b. osteoclasts

how does hyperventilation affect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? a. shifts to the right b. shifts to the left c. no effect

b. shifts to the left

which of the following would be a good exercise for an individual with OA of the knees? a. running/jogging b. water aerobics c. tai chi d. resistance training

b. water aerobics c. tai chi d. resistance training

Sue completes 9 reps on the 30-second chair stand test. How would you classify her leg strength/endurance?

below normal

Sue completes the 8ft up and go test in 7.8 seconds. Classify her results.

below normal

if an individual does not check any of the boxes on the PAR-Q, that means they are cleared for exercise and no further evaluation is needed.

both true and false, depends on the individual - PAR-Q does not ask about other signs/symptoms of disease

which of the following is considered light-intensity exercise? a. 3-5 METs b. less than 6 METs c. 30-40% VO2 d. 40-65% VO2

c. 30-40% VO2

which of the following has the highest level of evidence as a treatment for chronic low back pain? a. tai chi b. progressive muscle relaxation c. NSAIDs d. spinal manipulation

c. NSAIDs

which of the following is NOT an adaptation to the cardiovascular system from aerobic exercise training? a. improve oxygen extraction during exercise b. decreased resting heart rate c. increased maximal heart rate during exercise d. no change in cardiac output at rest

c. increased maximal heart rate during exercise

which of the following is untrue regarding osteoarthritis? a. it effects more females than males b. risk increases with age c. repetitive joint use is not a cause of OA d. family history is not a risk factor for OA

c. repetitive joint use is not a cause of OA d. family history is not a risk factor for OA

Sue is a 75 year old with no known disease history until a recent stent placement. She does not regularly exercise and reports having the inability to perform daily activities leading up to her stent placement. She is 65" tall and weighs 140 lbs. Her resting heart rate is 88 bpm with a BP of 115/72 mmHg. She has been referred to your cardiac rehabilitation program for assessment and prescription. what condition does Sue have?

cardiovascular disease

which of the following would NOT be an adaptation to sub maximal exercise from aerobic training? a. decreased HR b. decreased blood lactate c. decreased ventilation d. increased cardiac output

d. increased cardiac output

which of the following should NOT be a first-line treatment for acute low back pain? a. heat b. massage c. NSAIDs d. opioids

d. opioids

which of the following is a condition of porous bones that often develops with aging? a. osteitis b. osteomalacia c. osteoarthritis d. osteoporosis

d. osteoporosis

frailty is typically experienced by older adults. what other condition is also present in nearly 80% of those with frailty? a. osteoporosis b. cancer c. hypertension d. sarcopenia

d. sarcopenia

which of the following is not a sign of disease that would prompt you to send an individual for medical clearance before exercise? a. pain in the chest, jaw, or neck b. dizziness or syncope c. ankle edema d. shortness of breath during heavy exertion

d. shortness of breath during heavy exertion

After Fred's tests are complete, you get the following information: VO2peak:10.3 METs; Terminated due to leg pain at RPE 18/20 No chest discomfort; ECG: No significant ST changes; occasional PVC's Peak HR: 160 bpm Peak BP: 160/90 mmHg 1-RM bench press: 169 lbs YMCA Sit-up test: 30 Sit-and-reach: 15 cm how would you rate Fred's cardiovascular fitness according to the ACSM norms?

fair

After Fred's tests are complete, you get the following information: VO2peak:10.3 METs; Terminated due to leg pain at RPE 18/20 No chest discomfort; ECG: No significant ST changes; occasional PVC's Peak HR: 160 bpm Peak BP: 160/90 mmHg 1-RM bench press: 169 lbs YMCA Sit-up test: 30 Sit-and-reach: 15 cm how would you rate Fred's muscular endurance?

fair/ poor

true or false: a client who is not physically active and has a history of metabolic disease and wants to begin moderate-intensity exercise training does not need medical clearance.

false

true or false: a client who is physically active, has a history of metabolic disease and has not seen their physician in the past 12 months wants to begin vigorous-intensity exercise training does not need medical clearance.

false

After Fred's tests are complete, you get the following information: VO2peak:10.3 METs; Terminated due to leg pain at RPE 18/20 No chest discomfort; ECG: No significant ST changes; occasional PVC's Peak HR: 160 bpm Peak BP: 160/90 mmHg 1-RM bench press: 169 lbs YMCA Sit-up test: 30 Sit-and-reach: 15 cm how would you rate Fred's muscular strength?

good

what silent condition will lead to an increase in afterload over time?

hypertension

why is chronic exercise important for maintaining health?

improves aerobic capacity and muscular function

how would an increase in afterload affect cardiac output?

increase afterload will decrease stroke volume. to compensate and maintain Q, heart rate will increase. however, over time this cannot be maintained and Q will decrease.

Sue achieved 2.5" on the chair sit-and-reach. Classify her score.

normal

is medical clearance recommended or not? A 22-yr-old recent college graduate is joining a gym. Since becoming an accountant 6 mo ago, she no longer walks across campus or plays intramural soccer and has concerns about her now sedentary lifestyle. Although her body mass index (BMI) is slightly above normal, she reports no significant medical history and no symptoms of any diseases, even when walking up three flights of stairs to her apartment. She would like to begin playing golf.

not recommended

is medical clearance recommended or not? A 35-yr-old business consultant is in town for 2 wk and seeking a temporary membership at a fitness club. She and her friends have been training for a long-distance charity bike ride for the past 16 wk; she is unable to travel with her bike and she does not want to lose her fitness. She reports no current symptoms of CV or metabolic disease and has no medical history except hyperlipidemia, for which she takes a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) daily.

not recommended

is medical clearance recommended or not? David is a 61-year-old who walks daily with his dog and loves going for hikes on weekends. He was recently diagnosed with high blood pressure and started taking a statin for high cholesterol. He has decided to start resistance training and doing group fitness classes.

not recommended

After Fred's tests are complete, you get the following information: VO2peak:10.3 METs; Terminated due to leg pain at RPE 18/20 No chest discomfort; ECG: No significant ST changes; occasional PVC's Peak HR: 160 bpm Peak BP: 160/90 mmHg 1-RM bench press: 169 lbs YMCA Sit-up test: 30 Sit-and-reach: 15 cm how would you rate Fred's flexibility?

poor

is medical clearance recommended or not? A 45-yr-old former collegiate swimmer turned lifelong triathlete requests assistance with run training. His only significant medical history is a series of overuse injuries to his shoulders and Achilles tendon. In recent weeks, he notes his workouts are unusually difficult and reports feeling constriction in his chest with exertion — something he attributes to deficiencies in core strength. Upon further questioning, he explains that the chest constriction is improved with rest and that he often feels dizzy during recovery.

recommended

is medical clearance recommended or not? A 60-yr-old woman is beginning a professionally led walking program. Two years ago, she had a drug-eluting stent placed in her left anterior descending coronary artery after a routine exercise stress test revealed significant ST-segment depression. She completed a brief cardiac rehabilitation program in the 2 mo following the procedure but has been inactive since. She reports no signs or symptoms and takes a cholesterol-lowering statin and antiplatelet medications as directed by her cardiologist.

recommended

is medical clearance recommended or not? Kelly is a 45-year-old administrative assistant who is 5'7" tall and currently weighs 250 lbs. She would like to begin an exercise program to help her lose weight. She recently quit smoking and has some shortness of breath and leg pain when walking from her car to her office and up stairs (so she avoid them).

recommended

is medical clearance recommended or not? Macy is a 21-year-old client with type 1 diabetes who has come in for a personal training assessment. She has been exercising routinely for 1 year, has achieved and maintained a healthy weight her entire life, and usually has good control of her blood glucose. While she's been physically active for the past year, mostly walking daily and some light resistance training, she has decided to start training for a marathon.

recommended

is medical clearance recommended or not? A 50-yr-old nonsmoking male was recently invited by colleagues to participate in a 10-km trail run. He reports currently walking 40 min on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday — something he has done "for years." His goal is to run the entire race without stopping, and he is seeking training services. He reports having what he describes as a "mild heart attack" at 45 yr old, completed cardiac rehabilitation, and has had no problems since. He takes a statin, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and aspirin daily. During the last visit with his cardiologist, which took place 2 yr ago, the cardiologist noted no changes in his medical condition.

recommended

is medical clearance recommended or not? Derrick is a 45-year-old professor who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes by his physician about 2 years ago. A former athlete, Derrick injured his shoulder and his lack of activity has resulted in a 65 lb. weight gain. After his diagnosis, Derrick's physician strongly encouraged him to begin a weight loss diet and exercise program to help manage his diabetes.

recommended

an increase in afterload causes a ________ shift in the SV LVEDP curve

right

what diseases could result in a shift (and direction) of the oxyhemaglobin dissociation curve?

right shift = anemia, heart failure, COPD, cirrhosis, sickle sell anemia left shift = ketoacidosis, methemoglobinemia, hypocapnia the reason ketoacidosis results in a left shift is increasing H+ causes a decrease in 2,3-DGP (left shift) and restoration of this is slow and takes longer than restoration of pH via the Bohr effect

true or false: a patient who is physically active and does not exhibit signs or symptoms of disease does not need medical clearance before beginning a moderate-intensity exercise program.

true

what is the easiest way to decrease resistance to blood flow (ie. what does our body do during exercise to improve blood flow to tissue)?

vasodilation

positive chronic adaptations to exercise

- decreased CVD - improved lipids - improved aerobic capacity - decreased cancer risk

what conditions might lead to a decrease in preload?

- dehydration - sarcopenia/ decreased physical activity - peripheral edema (CHF) - arrhythmias

what would shift the oxyhemoglobin curve to the right?

- exercise - heart failure

Fred is a 43-year-old man who works as a construction laborer with known history of hypertension. He has just completed a check-up and the report showed body height of 68 in., body weight of 176 lbs., and a waist circumference of 85 cm. His blood test showed total cholesterol is 250 mg/dL, fasting glucose is 97 mg/dL and blood pressure is 134/82 mmHg. He smokes one and a half pack of cigarettes per day, and has done so for over 25 years. His father died from a heart attack at age 60. Fred has no signs and symptoms of cardiorespiratory disease. what conditions does Fred have?

- hypertension - dyslipidemia - overweight

what are some negative consequences of physical inactivity?

- obesity - hypertension - cancer - CVD

after an increase in preload (but no change in inotropy), ______________ will increase during ventricular contraction as a result of the _______________ mechanism.

- stroke volume - frank-starling

Fred comes to you for exercise help, as his doctor advised him to begin an exercise program. What type of fitness test (in the correct order) would you perform on Fred?

1. anthropometrics 2. blood pressure 3. 8 foot up and go 4. 1-RM bench press test 5. sit up test 6. balke treadmill test 7. sit and reach

You put Sue through the senior fitness test battery. what order should they be administered?

1. anthropometrics 2. blood pressure 3. 8 foot up and go 4. 30 second chair stand 5. arm curl test 6. cardiorespiratory fitness test 7. chair sit and reach

Sue is a 75 year old with no known disease history until a recent stent placement. She does not regularly exercise and reports having the inability to perform daily activities leading up to her stent placement. She is 65" tall and weighs 140 lbs. Her resting heart rate is 88 bpm with a BP of 115/72 mmHg. She has been referred to your cardiac rehabilitation program for assessment and prescription. what would be the most appropriate test of cardiorespiratory endurance for Sue?

6 minute walk test