SPED Final
Which statement below was probably NOT made by a student exhibiting learned helplessness?
"I'd have done better if I'd just studied a little harder."
Which of these sentences uses an acceptable exclusion to people first terminology?
A Deaf student just enrolled in our class
A Red Cross worker in a foreign country notes that she sees no children with disabilities. What can she assume from her observation?
A human rights problem is being hidden
Della has ADHD. She impulsively responded to a "dare" presented by some friends by jumping off a high cliff in the mountains near her eastern Kentucky home. Della ended up with two broken ankles. What is responsible for such impulsive behaviors?
A lack of executive function skills
Which of the following is NOT true of FAPE?
A student's placement is determined by classroom availability
Centrali, a student with ASD, heard his teacher make the following announcement: "In five minutes, we will put out books and other things away and go to lunch." What kind of support is the teacher providing to Centrali?
A verbal advance warning
Which of the following is an evidence-based intervention for ASD?
ABA
The risk ratio for African American students is 1.0 in Town A, and 2.0 in Town B. Which of the statements below is correct?
African Americans in Town B are twice as likely to be identified as having disabilities as students from other racial groups.
How are students with disabilities included in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001?
All students will have access to the general education curriculum
What is the most common type of speech impairment?
Articulation problems
All the following scenarios describes a child with learned helplessness EXCEPT _______.
Cherry, who failed her math tests, and says she failed because she forgot about the test and did not study
Which step in CSR involve students in rereading the sentence with difficult vocabulary, as well as the preceding and following sentences, to search for clues that help the vocabulary make sense?
Click and clunk
Kevin often fidgets and squirms in any seat. His teacher describes him as a "motor" as he talks extensively and is often on the go. he blurts out answers to questions before the questions has been completed. At other times, Kevin appears to not be listening when he is spoken to directly. He is distracted by students sharpening pencils as well as other classroom noises. He does not pay close attention to details and makes careless mistakes in his school work. What type of ADHD does Kevin appear to have?
Combined
In this requirement of IDEA for children with disabilities, procedures to settle differences regarding the child's evaluation or services are detailed.
Conflict resolution
What happens when students with disabilities each the age of majority?
Decision-making authority transfers from the parent to the student.
_____ is a general category for young children (up to the age of nine) whose specific disability may not have yet been identified
Developmental delay
Freda has trouble understanding numbers. She confuses the different symbols used in math calculations. She sometimes reverses selected numbers and cannot seem to memorize her math facts. What type of learning disabilities does she appear to have?
Dyscalculia
John, a fifth-grader, makes inappropriately sized and spaced letters. He sometimes writes distorted or misspelled words, despite thorough instruction. What type of learning disabilities does he appear to have?
Dysgraphia
ESL classes conduct instruction primarily in
English
What was the outcome of the process/product debate during the 1970s?
Explicit instruction was determined to improve student's academic skills.
Mr. Frances is concerned about the behavior of Sam who becomes extremely agitated periodically during class time. What is the tool Mr. Frances will use to determine why Sam behaves in a certain way?
FBA
This component of the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Approach involves observing and recording a child's actions to identify the cause or purpose of the behavior, particularly unwanted ones.
Function behavioral assessment
Issac is a seven-year-old third-grade student with a learning disability in math. He has strong reading skill and is in the advanced reading group for his grade. The IEP team believes Isaac should be placed in the least restrictive environment. Where will the IEP team suggest that Isaac be placed to receive special education services?
General education classroom
Mr. Thread uses Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) to build the reading and comprehension skills of his group of fourth-graders. He follows each of the steps in the strategy. He has students identify the main idea of their passage and requires them to restate the passage in 10 words or less. Which step of CSR does this represent?
Get the gist
These are disability categories in IDEA EXCEPT
Gifted and Talented
Which of the following children may be at risk for having a learning disability?
Greg, a four-year-old who does not know the letters of the alphabet
Marcus, a one-year-old, receives speech and language services. In what type of setting does the speech and language pathologist provide services to Marcus?
Home-based
April, a student with learning disabilities, will graduate from high school in May of this year. With her transition team, April has been exploring colleges to attend. Which of the following questions about the college should she specifically consider as a student with a learning disability?
How comprehensive is the university's office of disability services?
Ms. Johnson allows Bill, a student with ADHD, to stand at his desk while working on classwork. She sends Bill on a quick errand, assigns a nonacademic task such as watering the plants, and provides him with sensory tools (e.g., stress balls) when she notices certain of Bill's behaviors. For what type of ADHD is Ms. Johnson responding with intervention?
Hyperactivity and impulsivity
Alis' parents, and other members of the team, are meeting to outline in writing her special education services. The team is also deciding where those services will be provided. Which step of the IEP process does this represent?
IEP development
Juan, a student with intellectual disabilities will be 17 years of age at his next birthday. What type of plan is his special education teacher developing to address this student's need as he nears the age of majority?
ITP
Addrian, an eight-year-old, has ADHD. She does not appear to be listening when individuals talk to her. She often loses school papers and is forgetful in daily activities. Her desk and her school locker looks like a tornado disturbed her belongings. Addrian is very distorted by noise in the hallway and in the classroom. When given a series of directions, Addrian is does not remember the sequence in which she must complete tasks. What type of ADHD does Addrian appear to have?
Inattention
Javier is frequently absent, rarely does homework, and is uninvolved in school actives. His teachers know that he works 30 hours per week to supplement his family's income. They believe that, given his family's low income level, he will be motivated to stay in school until graduation. Which of the following statements is true?
Javier is displaying classic dropout warning signs and needs support to stay in school.
Mr. and Mrs. Habibian want their son, who has an intellectual disability, to be educated with his peers as much as is appropriate and possible. Which component of IDEA does this refer to?
LRE
______ determines whether a student's disciplinary problems are due to his or hers disability.
Manifestation determination
Which of the following statements about high school dropouts is correct?
Most dropouts report that they would have worked harder if teacher expectations had been higher
Which of the following caused Congress to take action regarding the education of students with disabilities in 1970s?
Most students with disabilities were excluded entirely from school, or were not receiving appropriate services
Fred has high functioning ASD and is in the 11th grade. He has decided that he wants to enter the job market. he is very interest in, and good with, computer technology. Fred wants to work in computer programing. Which of the following would be most appropriate for his special education teacher and his grade level counselor to include on Fred's IEP?
Observe someone performing the job responsibilities of interest to the student.
Jackson is a first-grade student who has displays aggressive behavior toward his classmates and teacher. Which of the following would be appropriate to use with Jackson?
PBIS
The first law guaranteeing the rights of students with disabilities to a free appropriate public education was
PL 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Alis' academic performance is significantly behind that of her classmates. She has been referred for the special education process. What is the role of parents in this step of the process?
Parents give written consent at this step.
All of the following are procedural safeguards to parents through IDEA EXCEPT
Parents have the right to place their child in private school at public expense.
What component of form includes the ability to detect sound segments, match beginning sounds to their respective words and phrases, identify sound segments in words and phrases, and recognize and make rhymes?
Phonology
A school-based team reviews information on Algean who is struggling with reading in her third-grade classroom. As a component of the process, the team reviews instructional information on Algean including her progress. The team wants to determine whether other factors are causing Algean to have trouble in mathematics. What is the name of this process?
Pre-referral process
Which of the following best reflects the concept of autistic savants?
Raymond is a 21-year-old with autism spectrum disorder who can repeat the license plate number of every car in the parking lot that he views from the classroom window but cannot tie his shoes.
Mr. Cliff, the special educator at Rose Elementary School, provided general education teachers at the school with a list of tips for assisting students with ADHD. His list included the following suggestions: uses hands-on activities, assign highly motivating activities, and alternate instructional activities frequently. What problem area are these suggestions intended to address?
Remaining on task
What was the outcome of Rosa's Law passed in 2010?
Retroactively changed all federal laws, replacing the term mental retardation with intellectual disabilities
Which of the following is an innovative specifically targeting people with disabilities?
Robotics
Which of the following is an example of the use of people-first language?
Rosa who has intellectual disabilities
Which of the following retroactively changed the term mental retardation to intellectual disabilities in all federal laws?
Rosa's Law
Sarah is being evaluated to determine whether she has a learning disability. The psychologist is using the traditional method for identification. What does this method involve?
Sarah's potential will be compared to her achievement.
The first legislation passed by Congress that included protection to the rights of students with disabilities was
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Which law has, as a condition of eligibility, the requirement that the disability limits one or more major life activities?
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
What is the name of the plan that teams develop for those students who have a disability, do not require special education services, but could benefit from accommodations or related services?
Section 504 plan
_____ can handicap people and restrict their access more than do disabilities?
Society
Central to this view is the idea that disability results from society's need to satisfy individuals, making many people subservient to a few
Sociological
Reshell is a student with ADHD. Based on researcher's estimate, with other disability is Reshell most likely to have?
Specific learning disabilities
Douglas is a six-year-old with autism spectrum disorder. Douglas likes string. He enters his classroom seeking and finding pieces of string. He then sits at his desk twirling the string backward and forward, in front of his face, while he completes his assignments. What characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is Douglas displaying?
Stereotyped or repetitive actions
Which problem below is the primary reasons for current dissatisfaction with IQ/achievement method of identifying learning disabilities?
Students must wait until they are performing poorly in school to get help, which often does not occur until 3rd or 4th grade.
This law is intended to guarantee people with disabilities full access to American life
The Americans with Disabilities Act
Which special education legislation was passed in 1975 to provide access to education for students with disabilities?
The Education for all Handicapped Children Act
Baylor has just gone through the Assessment step of the IEP process, where it was determined that he did NOT have a disability. What will happen next?
The IEP process will be discontinued.
Why is the term stimulant medication misleading?
The medication does not stimulate the child.
In which of the following communication situations, is speech the root of the breakdown in communication?
The sender incorrectly produces speech sounds and the receiver cannot understand the words.
Some students receive accommodation through Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Why is this the case?
These students do not quality under IDEA
In what tier, of the most often used RTI framework, does the intervention become most intensive before referral for special education support?
Tier 2
Mrs. Paxton provides small-group, targeted instruction for students who are not making adequate progress when receiving only general education classroom instruction. Which aspect of the RTI process is she implementing?
Tier 2
_________ is a characteristic associated with learning disabilities because poor school performance cannot be explained by a student's intellectual potential.
Unexpected underachievement
What is the exact cause of ADHD?
Unknown
What percentage of school-age children with ADHD, in the U.S.A., qualify and receive special educations services?
Unknown
Phillip is being bullied at school. He is likely to display all of the following warning signs EXCEPT
a lack of empathy toward others
It is April and Shalome has just taken a state-wide test which evaluates her mastery of her grade level's content standards. Shalome has just taken
a large-scale assessment
CALP or classroom English is
a level of English mastery required to access the general education curriculum and profit from instruction.
BICS or conversational English is
a level of English mastery that is adequate for general communication, but not necessarily for academic learning.
A progress monitoring probe is
a short test that can be administered in a matter of minutes
Mrs. Tempo allows Eric, a student with ADHD, to have extra time to complete his tests. She provides Susan, a student with low vision, a large print test. Mrs. Tempo is making _____ for these students.
accommodations
To implement an evidence-based practice with fidelity, teachers must
accurately follow the same procedures the researchers used to validate the practice
All of the following were changes made to IDEA in 2004 reauthorization EXCEPT
added a new ADHD disability category
PBIS is similar to RTI except that it
addresses behavior instead of academic skills.
Major provisions of IDEA include
all of the above
The term "related services" may refer to
all of the above
Formative assessments
allow teachers to constantly monitor students' progress and make instructional adjustments accordingly.
Who's could have access to a student's IEP?
any educator who interacts with the child
Factors that contribute to the success of students with disabilities in the elementary and secondary school systems include each of the following EXCEPT
application of financial penalties on school systems when these students do not show gains in academic achievement
The term _____ refers to equipment or services used to enhance a student's functional capabilities.
assistive technology
Normalization activities include all of the following EXCEPT
attending a special school for students with similar educational needs
The self-explanations about the reasons for one's success or failure are called
attributions
IFSPs are designed for students ages
birth to three
Considering the appropriate use of people first language, indicate the most acceptable phrase.
children with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Ms. Estrella is a first-year teacher working with students with learning disabilities. When selecting instructional techniques, she should be sure to
choose techniques that are verified through rigorous research.
Special education is based on the fundamental premise of
civil rights
Susan has impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symboling systems. She is unable to process a series of oral directions. She has a _____ disorder.
communication
The superintendent of a large school district wonders whether her district has an overrepresentation problem. She compares percentages of the students in each racial group who are receiving special education to their percentages in the overall school population. Which calculation method is she using?
composition index
The intent and meaning of spoken or written statements defines
content.
Ms. Waters initially interacts with her student Mario in the same manner as the rest of her students. Yet, in Mario's culture, the way she uses praise, humor, and personal space are all considered inappropriate. As a result, Mario views her with distrust. Sensing this, she in turn decides that he has "an attitude" and begins to view him negatively. This is an example of
cross-cultural dissonance
Mr. and Mrs. Chee acknowledge that their son is different from his teenage peers, but they believe that these differences are to be celebrated. They are shocked when, at their son's IEP meeting, it is suggested that a transition plan be developed to help him be independent after high school, as they intend for him to be cared for by his siblings and others in their community. The Chees have which view of disability?
cultural perspective
Which modal allows people to maintain their various languages, culture, and institutions while encouraging their participation in society as a whole?
cultural pluralism
Ms. Mondragon understands the cultural standards of the Hispanic, African American, and Native American students in her classroom. MS. Mondragon would be considered
culturally competent
Vinna is from a cultural group that is not Eurocentric or of mainstream America. She is considered to be
culturally diverse
The South Valley School District's curriculum is infused with lessons that incorporate aspects of many different cultures to help teach concepts and enhance the learning of its diverse population. This is an example of a _____ curriculum
culturally responsive
The _____ perspective suggests that human behavior and characteristics are disrupted along a continuum called the norma curve
deficit
Ms. Calabrace, a school psychologist, believes that the prevalence of disability in our schools can be clearly predicted using test scores distributed on a normal curve. Ms. Calabrace has which view of disability?
deficit perspective
Autism spectrum disorder is a condition characterized by: fixated interests and repetitive behavior; and ________.
deficits in social interaction and communication skills
Dr. Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard is best known for
designing instructional techniques to teach Victor, the "wild child"
Jamie, a special education student, has been expelled from school for assaulting a teacher. Before Jamie was expelled, his IEP team needed to
determine that this behavior was not a result of his disability.
In the exclusion clause of the IDEA definition of learning disabilities, learning problems cannot be the result of any of the following conditions EXCEPT
developmental aphasia
Although Melinda has a hearing loss, she is a skilled lip reader who participates in all aspects of society. She is married, has a high-paying job, and does volunteer work through several community organizations. According to what you've learned from your text, Melinda has a
disability
One benefit that IDEA provides for family members includes procedures to follow when they do not agree with schools about the education planned for or being delivered to their children. These procedures are referred to as
due process
Grant has a learning disability, so he can be expected to exhibit all of the following general characteristics EXCEPT
early phonological development.
Section 504 and the ADA are considered to be all of the following EXCEPT
educational laws
One thing that teachers can do to reduce cross-cultural dissonance is to
engage in self-reflection regarding their expectations, beliefs, and behaviors.
All of the following are elements of behavior therapy EXCEPT _______.
establish a medication regiment
Which stage of the IEP determines whether the student is meeting the goals and objectives specified in the IEP?
evaluation and reviews
Students who have a/an ____ problem may know the answer to a teacher's question but have difficulty formatting that knowledge into a spoken sentence.
expressive language
Approximately how many years does it take to acquire complex language abilities required for academic work?
five-seven
Marcus remembers a reading comprehension strategy that he learned in the resource room and applies it in his science and social studies classes. He is demonstrating
generalization.
Which of the following is NOT one of the IDEA special education categories
giftedness
Mrs. Brocklebank provides many opportunities for her students to respond in class. When she asks a difficult question she gives a student plenty of time to think and respond. Further, when a student answers incorrectly, she guides them through the necessary reasoning until they can ascertain the correct answer. Mrs. Brocklebank
has high excitations for her students
Rafik has ADHD with comorbidity. This means that
he also has another disability
Students with autism spectrum disorder who display excessive reactions to what most people consider mild sensory stimuli, such as covering their ears or screaming at the sounds of small children's voices, are displaying _______.
hyperresponsiveness
Reggie has just begun taking piano lessons at a nearby music studio. Once a month, his teacher holds group lessons for students across many skill levels. On these days, Reggie raises his hand every time the teacher asks a question, even though many of the questions are targeted toward older students with years of experience, and he has no idea of the answer. Reggie is displaying which key characteristic of ADHD?
impulsivity
Robert is a student with a learning disability. He has above average performance on tests of mathematics compilation. He is an outstanding athlete and plays on the school's soccer team. However, his scores on tests of reading are below his fifth-grade placement. Robert struggles when reading printed text. He has great social skills and is often chosen as a leader by his peers. The IEP team is considering placement for Robert. He will most likely be place ______.
in the general education classroom
When students with disabilities are provided with services developed to meet the unique needs of the child or student, the services are considered ______.
individualized
The appreciation IEP stands for
individualized education program
Mack, a 16-year-old student with autism, became angry when he could not go to his Music class. Mack pushed another student to the floor when the student came close to him. The push caused the student to fall and injure himself. Mack was sent to the principal's office who suspended him for a short period. Now, the IEP team must review Mack's behavior and make a manifest determination decision. All the following are guidelines to use if Mack's behavior is determined to be the result of his disability EXCEPT
inform the student about his or her behavioral rights at reaching the age of majority
One problem with the IQ-achievement discrepancy approach is ______.
it takes years for discrepancy to become large enough
A _____ disorder is an impairment in the ability to received, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbols.
language
Ms. Campbell learns that her student Kendall is of Hawaiian heritage. Ms. Campbell should
learn more about Kendall and her culture and plan her instruction accordingly
Skander does not believe in himself and does not try to learn, resulting in a dependency on others. This is referred to as
learned helplessness.
Guillermina speaks Spanish as her native language. Guillermina is considered
linguistically diverse
Remembering the Great Lakes by associating them with HOMES (Huron, Ontario, etc.) is an example of
mnemonics
Serena has difficulty in remembering or recalling information. This is a caritas challenge for her in her ninth-grade science class there she must remember scientific terms for her tests. The speech and language therapist recommends to the teacher that Serena may benefit from which of the following techniques to build memory skills?
mnemonics
Mrs. Tempo allows Ivan, a student with intellectual disabilities to complete only the even numbered problems on his math test. Jill, a student with a learning disability in writing, can submit an outline of the assigned topic instead of writing an essay. Mrs. Tempo is making ____ for these students.
modifications
PBS and RTI are examples of
multitiered instruction
The decision to drop out of high school
occurs as a result of a gradual process that transpires over a period of time.
An evidence-based practice is
one on which rigorous research has been conducted that produces data which verifies its effectiveness
Alan, a high school student with ADHD, does not reflect recent research that compare students with ADHD with their peers without disabilities in post-secondary environment. Alan, at the completion of his first semester in university, has a 3.5 GPA. All of the following are skills Alan developed to support his academic success EXCEPT _______.
online social media and video games skills with frequent use
Alberto has been identified as having ADHD and qualifies for special education services According to IDEA, he would be classified under the __________ category.
other health impairments
Many assistive technology devices used by students with ADHD do not call undue attention to the individual because
people with or without disabilities use them
Ping has trouble with the "I" sound, which does not exist in her native language. Which function of form does this represent?
phonology
According to IDEA, a 16-year-old student's IEP should contain
postsecondary goals, transitional assessments, and service needs.
Larger schools with higher student-teacher ratios and more inexperienced teachers
provide unequal educational opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds
Roland, a student with ASD, likes predictability. Before he starts his school day, he likes to know what activities are planned and when these will occur. He becomes very upset when excepted announcements interrupt his instructional day. His teachers can help Roland mostly by ______.
providing a visual schedule
Ms. Holley, a speech/language pathologist, goes into Mr. Johnson's general education classroom to provide speech therapy to a student there. This is an example of
pull-in programming
A child who is described as having a heightened alertness to the environment, which reduces his ability to pay attention in class, would
qualify as having ADHD under the federal definition, but only if it adversely affects his educational performance
The melting pot model led to
racism and segregation
When teachers differentiate instruction, they should be knowledgeable about each student's academic skill levels, which are a component that reflects their
readiness
The three areas most often affected by a learning disability are
reading, writing, mathematics
Developmental, corrective, and other support services necessary for a child to benefit from special education are
related services
Kyle is a 2nd grader who has very poor reading skills. His teacher has tried several proven methods for reading instruction, but to no avail. Based on this information, Kyle is displaying characteristics of
resistance to treatment
Children with ____ voice problems display too much or too little nasality.
resonance
Jesse remains in his general education class for most of the day, but goes to a special education class for help with reading and language arts. What type of service delivery is Jesse receiving?
resource room
Reza is having trouble learning to read. His teacher provides increasingly intensive classroom interventions aimed at improving his skills. When he fails to make adequate progress with these interventions, his teacher feels that he is resistant to treatment and a good candidate for having a learning disability. Which method of identifying learning disabilities is being used with Reza?
response to intervention
Dr. Colerick believes that the way society views a person with an intellectual disability results in a handicap for that individual. Dr. Colerick is a proponent of which view of disability?
sociological perspective
If thought about in the traditional sense of a continuum, which of the following would constitute the most restrictive placement?
special schools for students with disabilities
Dana has a very sophisticated communication board which she uses to communicate. Dana is using an argumentative and alternative communication device in which is for children who cannot communicate through _____.
speech
An illegal hit with an elbow in football causes damage to Peyton's tongue, lips, and teeth. Peyton has damaged components of his
speech mechanisms.
Laurinea has a communication disorder and her speech is hard to understand. Which related service provider would she work with?
speech-language pathologist
Research findings suggest that
students who do not acquire core reading skills early on become poor readers.
The philosophy of normalizing states that
students with disabilities receive services in separate but equal classrooms
A critical element of CBM is that
teachers make instructional decisions using the students' data and graphs.
The students at Northside High School-who come from predominately White, middle- or upper- class families- have much higher scores on state-wide tests than do students from Southside High School, who come from predominately lower-income Latino and African American families. This scenario illustrates an example of
the achievement gap
The students at Northside High School are able to engage in many enrichment activities-sports, theatre, summer camps, trips to national parks-all of which are paid for by their parents. The students at Southside High School are unable to engage in any of these activities because their parents cannot afford them. This scenario illustrates an example of
the opportunity gap
Lack of knowledge about core subject requirements, unavailability of advanced placement courses, and low teacher referrals for advanced classes are all factors influencing
the poor postsecondary outcomes for diverse students
If a student's weekly probe scores on a graph are consistently below the CBM goal line, that is an indication that
the teacher needs to adjust instruction or provide additional support
All of the students in Mr. Adams' language arts class complete the same instructional activity, but with varying levels of difficulty that are based on their individual readiness levels. This is an example of
tired content
At the completion of their public-school education, the overarching goal for students with disabilities is _____
to be college and career ready
Approximately how many years does it take to acquire conversational skills in another language?
two-three
Sierra Blanca Elementary School teachers have just finished assessing all of their students to determine which students are at risk for academic failure. Which aspect of the RTI process have they just completed?
universal screening
Ms. Pittman is a school principal who has decided to use RTI. In order to quickly identify all struggling students in her school, she will use
universal screening.
The application of language in various communications in the social context of the situation describes
use
Which of the following would be an example of the UDL principle of multiple means of representation?
using print materials, graphics, illustrations, and video to teach a concept