Speech Chapter 2

When people seek to present an ideal version of themselves, they are engaging in

impression management

personal identity

Perception of what makes an individual unique with regard to various personality characteristics, interests, and values.

Which of the following activities does NOT occur in perception? exploration interpretation organization selection

exploration

gender identity

how you feel about and express your gender

Sterotyping

making a hasty generalization about a group based on a judgment about an individual from that group

perceptual constancy

the idea that your past experiences lead you to see the world in a way that is difficult to change; your initial perceptions persist

The more ambiguous the stimuli ___________________

the more room for interpretation

role

the part you play in various contexts

similarity

the principle that elements are grouped together because they share attributes such as size, color, or shape

proximity

the principle that objects physically close to each other will be perceived as a unit or group.

Symbolic Interactionism

the process in which the self develops through the messages and feedback received from others

perception

the process of using the senses to acquire information about the surrounding environment or situation

selective exposure

the tendency to expose yourself to information that reinforces, rather than contradicts, your beliefs or opinions

closure

the tendency to fill in missing information in order to complete an otherwise incomplete figure or statement.

selective retention

the tendency to remember better the things that reinforce your beliefs than those that oppose them

selective perception

the tendency to see, hear, and believe only what you want to see, hear, and believe

selective attention

the tendency, when you expose yourself to information and ideas, to focus on certain cues and ignore others

How you perceive yourself plays a central role in communication true or false

true

subjective perception

your uniquely constructed meaning attributed to sensed stimuli

Which of the following is the best example of how role affects perception? I am a Cuban American whose parents fled Havana in 1906. I am an honor student and president of the student body. I am a biracial person. Although few know it, I am a former Baptist.

?

out-group

A group of people excluded from another group with higher status; a group marginalized by the dominant culture

in-group

A group that people belong to that gives them a source of pride, self-esteem, and sense of belonging to a social world.

prejudice

An unfavorable predisposition about an individual because of his or her membership in a stereotyped group

impression management

Sharing personal details in order to present an idealized self.

Which of the following is the best example of selective attention? She immediately spotted the guy with the earring who looked so much like someone she had known before They agreed with each other because they both liked the idea of government ownership of basis industry He was an expert "body man" in a chop shop she was a hair stylist in a low-rent district They fought constantly over how the children should be disciplined

She immediately spotted the guy with the earring who looked so much like someone she had known before

intergroup perspective

The theory that emphasizes the ways in which people in a social interaction identify and categorize themselves or others in terms of group membership and how these categorizations shape perceptions and interactions with others.

ground

the background against which your focused attention occurs

perception checking

a process of describing, interpreting, and verifying that helps us understand another person and his or her message more accurately

figure

the focal point of your attention

first impression

an initial opinion about people upon meeting them

According to the textbook, first impressions are based on comparisons to ourselves provide accuracy in our perception of others involve group communication among different groups occur independent of the communication context

are based on comparisons to ourselves

first impressions ________________

are frequently based on other people's appearance

a perceptional error frequently made by people?

believing stereotypes about people who are different from themselves

organization

the grouping of stimuli into meaningful units or wholes

If I notice that Heng and Yolanda are often together and I "fill in" my inference that they are now lovers, then I am illustrating the concept of perception called closure figure and ground proximity filtering

closure

________________________ is an organizational method whereby missing information is filled in to create the appearance of a complete unit, and _________________ is another organizational technique whereby elements are grouped based on their similarities in size, color, and shape.

closure/similarity

A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors is known as a ______________________

culture

Erving Goffman's theory of self-presentation is based on what type of perspective? psychology dramaturgy statistics definitional

dramaturgy

_______________________ may be the result of identity factors, past experiences, and roles, and present conditions.

differences in perception

A person groups stimuli into meaningful units during which part of perception? selection interpretation organization interactionism

organization

Perceptual constancy results because of

past experiences and roles

active perception

perception in which your mind selects, organizes, and interprets that which you sense

interpretive perception

perception that involves a blend of internal states and external stimuli

Which of the following is NOT cited in the book as one of the three reasons differences in perception occur? identity factors past experiences present feelings and circumstances present eating habits

present eating habits

By neglecting some stimuli and focusing on other stimuli, you are engaging in which process of perception?

selection

When you remember how wonderful your mother was but forget how often she made you feel inadequate then you are exhibiting the perception concept called selective retention stereotyping sexual discrimination selective attention

selective retention