Speech Quiz #2 (Chapter 15&16)

persuasion

"the art of convincing others to give favorable attention to our point of view"

explanatory speech

(also known as a briefing) they focus on reports of current and historical events, customs, transformations, inventions, policies, outcomes, and options

natural reality, social reality, and ultimate reality

3 types of narratives used in informative speeches

ethos

Aristotle taught speakers to establish credibility with the audience by appearing to have good moral character, common sense, and concern for the audience's well-being

WIIFM

What's in it for me?

anomaly

a shift from the normal rule or form

Unequivocally

a way that is clear

claim

an assertion that you want the audience to accept

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

an organizational pattern that attempts to convince the audience to respond to a need that is delineated in the speech

neutral audience

are not passionate about the topic or speaker, often because they do not have enough information or because they are not aware that they should be concerned

questions of policy

ask the speaker to advocate for an appropriate course of action

syllogism

begins with a major (or general) premise, then moves to a minor premise, then concludes with a specific claim

refutation pattern

can be engaged to persuade audience members that your side of the argument is better or more accurate

proposition of value

compares multiple options to determine which is best

informative speeches

definitional speeches, descriptive speeches, explanatory speeches, and demonstration speeches

speeches to actuate

designed to motivate particular behaviors

social reality

detail historic events

pathos

draws on the emotions, sympathies, and prejudices of the audience to appeal to their non-rational side

fallacies

errors in reasoning that occur when a speaker fails to use appropriate or applicable evidence for their argument

casual reasoning

examines related events to determine which one caused the other

casual pattern

first addresses some cause and then shares what effects resulted

ultimate reality

focused on profound philosophical and spiritual questions

persuasive speeches

intend to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, and acts of others

novelty

involves those things that are new or unusual

Coercion

is a process whereby thoughts or behaviors are altered. Deceptive or harmful methods propel the intended changes, not reason

logos

logical means of proving an argument

hostile audience

may take issue with your topic or with you as a speaker, in this case, your primary goal is to persuade the audience to listen to what you have to say

inductive reasoning

moves from specific examples to a more general claim

deductive reasoning

moving from a general principle to a claim regarding a specific instance

natural reality

natural and scientific facts are brought together

immutable

not mutable; changeless; cannot be changed

warrant

often unstated general connection, would likely begin with "since" or "because"

esoteric

only understood by few people who have the certain knowledge

credibility

or ethos, refers to an audience's perception that the speaker is well prepared and qualified to speak on a topic

feasible

possible to be accomplished

intensity

refers to something that has a high or extreme degree of emotion, color, volume, strength or other defining characteristic

data

refers to the preliminary evidence on which the claim is based

demonstration speeches

the most practical of all informative speeches, they focus on a chronological explanation of some process , procedure, application , or course of action

definitional speeches

the speaker attempts to set forth the meaning of concepts, theories, philosophies, or issues that may be unfamiliar to the audience

speeches to convince

the speaker seeks to establish agreement about a particular topic, these speeches also attempt to influence or reinforce particular beliefs, attitudes, or values

demographics

this is a question that can be directed to organizational staff with access to demographic information

descriptive speeches

to provide a detailed, vivid, word picture of a person, animal, place, or object

contrast

used to draw attention through comparison to something that is different or opposite

receptive audience

which already knows something about your topic and is generally supportive of, or open to, the point you are trying to make

arguement

will focus on the reasons for supporting your specific purpose statement this argumentative approach is what Aristotle referred to as logos