Speech test chapters 1-6

The importance of understanding personal assumptions behind a word is _______.

Connotative meaning

The process of transforming feelings and concepts into symbols and organizing them into a message

Encoding

Attending is our favored and usually unconscious approach to listening

False

Denotative meanings reflect our emotions and experiences, whereas connotative meanings depict the dictionary definition

False

T/F Social norms should not affect the meanings of words

False

T/F ethnicity and race are the same thing

False

T/F intercultural communication does not occur unless you leave your home country

False

T/F someone from a low context culture uses more gestures and unwritten rules to convey their message

False

T/F: When using conscious processing we utilized short cut rules of thumb

False

T/F the terms prejudice and discrimination both involve action and can be used interchangeably

False Prejudice deals with perception and attitude Discrimination involves action

If a person sees it as normal that they must approach their boss in a much different way than they approach other co-workers, they probably come from a(n) _______.

High power distance culture

If someone prefers concrete and specific language and predictability, they are likely to be from a ______.

High uncertainty avoidance culture: low tolerance for uncertainty

Diana takes a work phone call while she's in the car. She tries to pay attention to the call, but she also has to focus on traffic and driving. What kind of context is affecting Diana's communication?

Physical context

A content paraphrase focuses on

The denotative meaning of what a person says

Concrete words are sense-related, We use concrete words to describe what we can see, smell, touch hear or taste

True

Critical analysis is especially important when a speaker is asking you to believe, act on, or support what is being said

True

Emblems are gestures that can be used to convey a word/phrase

True

Our brains attempt to simplify complex info so that we can process it quicker and easier

True

Relationships never benefit from dark side responses

True

T/F a moral dilemma is when we are faced with violating the truthfulness and honesty principle of communication

True

T/F: the perception process involves attention, selection, organization of stimuli, and interpretation of stimuli

True

The process of determining truthfulness, authenticity, or believability of the info provided is called critical analysis

True

Intonation, pitch, and vocalized pauses are all elements of paralanguage

True Paralanguage: the voiced part of a spoken message that goes beyond the actual words; use of voice

When we encounter people for the first time, we often try to gain more information about them to help make ourselves feel more comfortable. This process is called

Uncertainty reduction

Ashley says, "The porch light was shining like the North Star." This is an example of _______.

a simile

In response to the statement "If my mom keeps dropping me off late for work, I'm afraid they are going to fire me," which of the following would hold the characteristics of an effective supportive response? (p. 101) a. "Are you going to say something to her about it?" b. "Well, your mom has been going through a tough time lately." c. "Stop worrying. Your boss isn't going to fire you." d. "If I were you, I'd start getting a ride from your brother Larry instead."

a. "Are you going to say something to her about it?"

Touching behavior has been linked to culture. Which of the following is generally true of the United States as a nation? a. Individual space is respected. b. A high level of contact and touching is normal. c. We have the same standards for touch as people do in South America and Southern Europe. d. All of the above.

a. Individual space is respected.

Which of the following is not a true statement about how different cultures use paralanguage? a. Japanese speak with a great deal of volume to convey sincerity. b. Arabs speak with a great deal of volume to convey sincerity. c. Soft voices are preferred in Thailand. d. Soft voices are preferred in Great Britain.

a. Japanese speak with a great deal of volume to convey sincerity.

which of these is an example of a vocalized pause? a. Theresa says "um" when she can't think of the word she means b. Bonita speaks louder to emphasize an important point c. John lowers the tone of pitch to his voice to sound more serious d. Chuck speaks more rapidly when he is nervous

a. Theresa says "um" when she can't think of the word she means

If you want to offer emotional support to your friend, which of the following does your book recommend that you do? a. clearly state that you want to help b. try to make it sound like you are not giving advice c. give a detailed account of a time you experienced something similar d. emphasize that you are an impartial observer

a. clearly state that you want to help

When one person can sense the emotions of another and communicates based on that sense, they are participating in _______. a. empathic responsiveness b. perspective taking c. mirroring d. sympathy

a. empathic responsiveness

Understanding Charlene's feeling of mortification at her forgetting the name of a person she has known for years is an example of _______. a. empathy b. sympathy c. supportiveness d. reflecting feelings

a. empathy:is intellectually identifying with or vicariously experiencing the feelings or attitudes of another

Layla and Luke are twins in the U.S. Even though they grew up in the same family at the same time, Layla grows up thinking that being successful depends a lot on being pretty and nice, while Luke believes being successful means making a lot of money and being independent. These differences are likely the result of a. gendered cultural expectations b. Layla's low self esteem c. Luke's effective message filtering d. different self talk

a. gendered cultural expectations

Mary, who always gets good grades on her speeches, writes a paper for the same class. Even though her paper is mediocre, her teacher gives her an A. This grade may be best explained by the concept of _______. a. halo effect b. selective perception c. stereotyping d. self-fulfilling prophecy e. assumed similarity

a. halo effect

Research on comforting messages has been shown to do all of the following except _______. a. make someone become dependent on being comforted b. increase the self-esteem of the person who is comforting the other c. improve physical health d. none of the above

a. make someone become dependent on being comforted

To improve perception, we should... a. seek out more information b. realize that we'll be stuck with the same perception for a while c. trust first impressions d. keep your perceptions to yourself

a. seek out more information

according to the text, our "evaluation of competence and worthiness" defines a. self-esteem b. self concept c. self-attribution d. self-consideration

a. self-esteem

Amy was traumatized as a child when she had a bad experience jumping from a diving board. To this day, she considers herself a poor swimmer. That experience as a child has affected her a. self perception b. self monitoring c. self esteem d. role

a. self-perception

A comforting message... a. should help someone feel better about themselves and their behavior b. indicates that you think the person is right c. is not appropriate after a show of negative feelings d. includes a statement that describes your feelings

a. should help someone feel better about themselves and their behavior

According to the textbook, nonverbal communication is a. the primary way we convey our emotions b. unambiguous c. communicated only through a single change; d. something we can avoid through monitoring behavior

a. the primary way we convey our emotions

Supportive messages that comfort are different from merely supportive messages in that they a. usually occur over several turns in a conversation or over several conversations b. avoid buffering c. minimize other-centered messages d. allow the speaker to frame the discussions he or she wishes to frame it

a. usually occur over several turns in a conversation or over several conversations

culture shock is caused by...

an absence of shared meaning

The first stage of listening is

attending

The three stages of the perception process are

attention and selection, organization of stimuli, and interpretation

Chet asked Drew if he could borrow a book. Drew agrees and says that he will bring it to Chet's room by 7 p.m. that night. When Drew has not arrived by 7:30, Chet says, "I knew I couldn't count on him to follow through on a promise, he's so irresponsible." Chet's comment about Drew's behavior is ____

attribution: reasons we give for others and our own behavior

Which statement is best identified as an idiom? a. "That was a fantastic movie." b. "We should leave now to beat traffic." c. "It was extremely hot yesterday." d. "How are you feeling today?

b. "We should leave now to beat traffic."

What of the following statements is true about nonverbal messages? a. Nonverbal messages occur less often than verbal messages. b. Nonverbal messages are more emotionally powerful than verbal messages. c. Nonverbal messages are less trustworthy than verbal messages. d. Nonverbal messages are less important than verbal messages.

b. Nonverbal messages are more emotionally powerful than verbal messages.

According to your text, the self-concept can be best defined as: a. a pattern of behavior that characterizes a person's place in a context b. a mental image a person has about his/her skills, abilities, and knowledge c. a set of assumptions developed about physical characteristics and popularity d. a combination of your original ideas and theories about life

b. a mental image a person has about his/her skills, abilities, and knowledge

Individuals with low self-esteem.... a. are more attentive to situations than people w/ high self esteem b. find it easier to dwell on criticism than accept praise c. cannot gain higher self esteem even with practice d. are unlikely to have self-fulfilling prophecies

b. find it easier to dwell on criticism than accept praise

Because Dawson is a muscular, attractive male, Emily perceives him as being popular, an average student, and a superb athlete. This best exemplifies the idea of a. stereotyping b. implicit personality theories c. self-esteem d. attributions

b. implicit personality theories

When Miriam noticed that a group of Asian women in the cafeteria had an increased loudness or pitch to their speech, she assumed that they must be arguing. Which of the following is she demonstrating? a. ethnocentrism b. incompatible communication codes c. incompatible norms and values d. anxiety

b. incompatible communication codes

Moussa has preconceived beliefs about people who belong to fraternities and sororities. When he finds out that Mike belongs to a fraternity, he believes he understands Mike because he has a pretty good idea of what frat guys tend to be like. His "understanding" is best explained by _______. a. selective perception b. stereotyping c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. assumed similarity

b. stereotyping

Sharon works at a retail store in the U.S. Even though the transactions take longer and are more difficult when she serves a customer who does not speak much English and have different cultural norms, Sharon is patient and realizes these interactions are inevitable and can still result in satisfaction for both the customer and her. Sharon is doing what suggested behavior to improve intercultural communication? a. being altruistic b. tolerating ambiguity c. being ethnocentric d. immersing herself in culture

b. tolerating ambiguity: be prepared to tolerate a high degree of uncertainty

Which statement best provides the right amount of information? a. "It's down on the left, you can't miss it." b. "If you're coming from downtown you'll see a billboard that is right next to the store." c. "From here the tire shop is three blocks south, then take a left on 7th." d. "I'm pretty sure it's just up the street a few blocks."

c. "From here the tire shop is three blocks south, then take a left on 7th."

Johanna and Alexis are friends and co-workers. When Alexis gets a promotion and becomes Johanna's boss, Johanna suddenly begins to speak more formally with her. Alexis doesn't understand why her friend is acting so distant, but Johanna feels that she is simply acting more respectful of Alexis's new position. Which of the following communication barrier are they experiencing? a. ethnocentrism b. incompatible communication codes c. incompatible norms and values d. anxiety

c. Incompatible norms and values

______ is the type of personal space we are most concerned with when thinking about interpersonal communication. a. Social distance b. Public distance c. Intimate distance d. Personal distance

c. Intimate distance

Mnemonic devices are a. skills used in developing supporting material for a message b. acts of inferences c. artificial techniques used to aid the memory d. vocabulary-building techniques

c. artificial techniques used to aid the memory

If you come from a culture characterized by having high power distance, ____ a. you believe there should be opportunities to attain powerful positions in society b. you believe that power corrupts c. inequalities in power, status, and rank are viewed as natural d. individuals are expected to downplay differences in power, status and rank

c. inequalities in power, status, and rank are viewed as natural

Cultural identity... a. comes from our ethnicity and race b. becomes more important to people as they get older c. is determined by the importance that we assign to membership in cultural groups d. doesn't matter if you are a member of the dominant culture

c. is determined by the importance that we assign to membership in cultural groups

The fact that many English words were once part of other languages before being absorbed into our lexicon demonstrates what characteristic of language? a. language is abstract b. language changes over time c. language in arbitrary d. all of the above

c. language in arbitrary

To improve our chances of successfully sending nonverbal messages, we should a. be as spontaneous as possible when communicating b. be consistent and predictable w/ nonverbal messages regardless of content c. make sure nonverbal actions don't distract from our message d. avoid strategic choices in nonverbal communication as they will be seen as inauthentic

c. make sure nonverbal actions don't distract from our message

When a long-time friend uses the knowledge they have about you to form a response they are _______. a. responding empathically b. listening to details c. perspective taking d. responding sympathetically

c. perspective taking

Racism, ethnocentrism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, and able-ism are examples of a. discrimination b. attributions c. prejudice d. assumed similarity

c. prejudice

Intercultural communication... a. refers to an exchange between members of different cultures b. refers to the psychological c. refers to interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so different that the communication is altered d. hurts local communities

c. refers to interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so different that the communication is altered

If instead of saying "The car was wrecked" you say, "The left fender was busted by a hit-and- run driver," you are using ______. a. emphasis b. appropriateness c. specificity d. concreteness

c. specificity

If in response to the statement "I hope I get the job—it really means a lot to me" you replied, "I know you've shown a great interest in the type of work they're doing," your response would be _______. a. paraphrasing b. interpreting c. supportive d. describing behavior

c. supporting

Which of these should you not do when you find yourself in a conversation with someone from a different sociolinguistic background? a. practice mindfulness b. respond as best you can based on the cues you are receiving c. talk louder in case they didn't hear you properly d. adapt to the tone of the speaker

c. talk louder in case they didn't hear you properly

April and Josh are considering pursuing a future together and are discussing what their future plans may be. This use of language is best described as a. using language to label, define, and limit b. using language to evaluate c. using language outside our immediate experience d. using language to talk about language

c. using language outside our immediate experience

The fact that silence is a form of communication demonstrates that communication is...

continuous

If a friend declares that she will plan your upcoming vacation and you agree that she should take this responsibility, the relationship most likely has an understood degree of

control

Determining whether you believe a statement to be true is part of

critical analysis

When Elizabeth moved from New York to Savannah, Georgia, she had a hard time adjusting to the slower pace, to people opening doors for her, and to people calling her ma'am. She felt that what others intended as friendly gestures invaded her personal space. Elizabeth experienced _______.

culture shock

Which of these statements is an example of using inclusive language? a. "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." b. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." c. "Do you guys want to go to the store with me?" d. "Each student should sign the honor pledge on his or her exam."

d. "Each student should sign the honor pledge on his or her exam."

How does self-concept affect communication? a. Self-concept affects who we becomes friends with. b. Self-concept affects how we interact with others. c. Self-concept affects how comfortable we are in communication interactions. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is true of body modifications such as tattoos and piercings? a. There are no known cultures that do not engage in body modification of some kind. b. They are a type of nonverbal communication. c. Body modification often signals social status or group membership. d. All of the above are true of body modification.

d. All of the above are true of body modification.

Which pragmatic guideline should we pay most attention to when having a conversation about getting a project completed? a. providing the right amount of information b. relating to the topic c. acknowledging when you are violating a guideline d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of these is an example of a symbol used in communication? a. a word b. a hand gesture c. silence d. all of these are examples of symbols

d. all of these are examples of symbols

As they were walking to the corner store, Samantha and Meagan passed by a large bush. Suddenly, from out of nowhere, a large dog lunged at them. Meagan gasped and dropped her books, but Samantha laughed and said, "Oh, that dumb dog always hides behind that bush." Samantha's reaction was a good example of which step of the perception process? a. patterns b. interpretation c. organization d. expectations

d. expectations

If you come from a culture characterized as having low power distance, _______. a. you believe that powerful positions in society are subject to low supervision b. you believe in using proper and polite forms of language and using titles as a sign of respect c. inequalities in power, status, and rank are viewed as natural d. individuals are expected to downplay differences in power, status, and rank

d. individuals are expected to downplay differences in power, status, and rank

United States tends to be monochronically oriented. In this culture _______. a. individuals arrive when it is convenient for them b. individuals can be engaged in many activities at one time c. individuals do not wear watches d. individuals expect an apology or explanation when someone is late

d. individuals expect an apology or explanation when someone is late

Deon and Janet, who do not know each other, are assigned to work on a project together at work. Deon suggests that the two have a lunch meeting together to get to know one another before beginning the official work. Deon's suggestion is an effort to a. evaluate an implicit personality theory b. use stereotypes c. make attributions d. reduce uncertainty

d. reduce uncertainty

Lila and Sherin are sitting in their dorm room while Sherin flips through her notes. "I'm totally going to fail this math test tomorrow," Sherin says. The next day, Sherin takes her test and learns that she failed it. Her performance on the test is an example of a. incongruence b. filtering messages c. halo effect d. self-fulfilling prophecy

d. self-fulfilling prophecy

During the evaluation stage of listening you _______. a. ask questions b. take notes c. engage in empathy d. separate fact from inference

d. separate fact from inference

When Josh told Amy about what was going on at work and she responded by saying, "Oh, I'm really sorry. That's awful. You poor thing," Amy was demonstrating _______. a. empathetic responsiveness b. paraphrasing c. perspective taking d. sympathetic responsiveness

d. sympathetic responsiveness: feeling concern, compassion, or sorrow for another's situation

Thinking "a person who is very careful about spending money" when someone describes a person as "thrifty" represents a process called

decoding

When Paul, who is Jewish, finds out that his friend is Muslim, he develops a negative attitude toward his friend. This behavior is best labeled as _______. a. halo effect b. selective perception c. stereotyping d. self-fulfilling prophecy e. prejudice

e. prejudice

Nikki comes to class early, sits in her preferred chair, and arranges her notebook and pens. She looks up to her teacher and waits for the lesson to begin. Nikki is _______. a. avoiding distractions b. getting physically ready to listen c. observing nonverbal cues d. resisting interrupting

getting physically ready to listen

If, in a communication setting, the receiver is expected to understand the message based on the time, place, and way the message is delivered, the speaker is probably from a ______.

high context culture

When a group of friends have an "inside joke" that uses language others of their own language or speech community would not understand, they are using a(n) a. idiolect b. lexicon c. dialect d. abstract language

idiolect: our own personal symbol system that includes our active vocabularies and our unique pronunciations, grammar, and syntax

If we are practicing linguistic sensitivity, we use ______ language.

inclusive

A person who values a company's health and retirement plans more than the base salary is probably from a _______ culture.

long term oriented culture

You approach your friend Tom to ask him about how he feels about his classes this fall. Tom is busy watching a squirrel outside the window and doesn't hear anything you've just said. The communication is being affected by what type of noise?

physical noise (sights, sounds, and other stimuli that draw people's attention away from

the exchange of info function of communication is best illustrated by...

providing directions to a doctors office

If someone comments that a speaker has a "nasally" voice, they are commenting on the speaker's...

quality (timbre)

Tonya believes that she is not good at sports, so much so that when she takes part in athletic activities she is timid and performs poorly, and usually finds a way to sideline herself from the game. This is an example of

self fulfilling prophecy

"a compound sentence has two independent clauses," is an example of ______.

syntax

Getting physically and mentally ready to listen is one of the steps to receive messages accurately

true

When you listen to someone judgmentally you are engaging in discriminative listening

true

According to scholar Brian Spitzberg, motivation is an important aspect of communication competence because ______...

we want want to