Speech Unit 3

Which one of the following pronunciations is a mistake?

"miss-chee-vee-us" for the word mischievous

Amount of Words Spoken and Processed (42)

-process speech at about 500 words per minuet. -most speakers talk at 125 to 150 words a minuet.

For long presentations lasting several hours, the text advises that you give a 15-minute break every

45 minutes

Percentage of Information Remembered after 10 min. and 2 days (39)

50% 25%

According to the text, you should look at your audience _____ of the time.

95 percent

The American philosopher Henry David Thoreau said, "We hear and apprehend only what we already half know." This quotation confirms which one of the following pieces of advice from the text?

Before a difficult lecture, prepare yourself intellectually by doing research and background reading.

Effects of Multi-tasking (45-47 - Cornell University experiment)

Can hurt you professionally. are considered discourteous of inattentive, multitasks may be given extra work or unpleasant assignments, passed over for promotions, or even fired.

Know the Four Types of Informative Speeches and Be Able to Identify Each (282-289)

Definition speech description speech process speech explanation speech

Know the Strategies when Speaking in Front of a Camera (274-275)

Dress conservatively whether you stand or sit, maintain a relaxed, confident posture find out whether a program involves direct address or discussion. never assume that the eye of the camera is no longer on you always keep your "real" audience in mind scale down movements and gestures

Explain Attire (266-267) and Eye Contact (267)

Dressing up: dressing up is a compliment to the audience, sending the nonverbal message "you are important to me-so important that i dressed up a bit to show my respect for you. Eye contact: look at your audience 95% of the time! -creates important bond -shows your sincerity -enables you to get audience feedback.

"Just between you and I, the Greasy Spoon Restaurant has terrible food." This sentence is correct grammatically.

False

"The giddy gallop of the golden steed" is an example of euphemism.

False

Hearing is the act of interpreting and evaluating what is being said.

False

If you are not asked any questions during the question-and-answer period, you have failed to adequately prepare the audience.

False

In all evaluations of speeches, evaluators should ignore nervousness.

False

Taking notes during a conversation at work signifies to others that you have a poor memory.

False

The impromptu method is the most popular style of speaking in the United States today.

False

Written language requires more elaboration than oral language.

False

You should begin practicing your speech two days beforehand.

False

You should give a speaker positive feedback, such as eye contact and a smile, throughout a speech, even if the speaker says something that offends you.

False

Listening and Note-taking (40—42)

Focus on main ideas evaluate supports Take notes 1) not taking helps you remember 2)Note taking helps you stay focused on the speaker.

Confronting Electronic Rudeness (Box, 46)

Forbid the use of electronic devices if at all possible. ask the person in charge of a group to request that all equipment be turned off. If all else fails be sure to use a powerful attention getter.

International Audiences and listening (Box, 43)

Individuals from different cultures listen in different ways. for example the Japanese close their eyes when they listen to a speech in order to focus their mind.

Be Able to Identify an Informative Speech (282)

Informative speeches can be categorized in many ways, but in this chapter we will concentrate on four of the most popular types: definition, description, process, and explanation.

Long Presentations (Box, 291)

Invite audience participation use visual aids whenever possible give coffee breaks of stretch breaks at regular intervals call on people at random encourage listeners to take notes

In what country do listeners sometimes close their eyes during a presentation to concentrate on the speaker's words and pay their respect?

Japan

Practice (273-274)

Start early practice going through your entire speech at least four times "practice ideas, not words" time yourself during most of your practice sessions go all the way through the speech. record or speak into a mirror trial run in the venue devote to practice beginning and ending be sure that you don't put too many words on notes

Taking Notes in Important Conversations (Box, 42

Take notes at work. gives you a written record of important discussions, but it also is a compliment, a non verbal way of saying "your ideas are important to me- so important that i want to make sure i get them down correctly"

Concerning memorization of a speech, which one of the following statements is false?

The text recommends the memorized method for extremely important occasions, such as a college commencement.

An evaluation of a speech is valuable to both speaker and evaluator.

True

Audience-centered speakers prefer simple words whenever possible.

True

Eye contact is a figurative handshake.

True

For the extemporaneous method to work, you must spend a lot of time preparing and rehearsing your speech.

True

Giving every speaker a fair chance means overlooking poor delivery.

True

If you don't feel enthusiastic when you stand to speak, you should pretend to be enthusiastic.

True

Many people use jargon inappropriately because they want to impress the audience.

True

Mixed metaphors should never be used.

True

Repeating a key idea using different words enhances your chances of reaching different segments of the audience.

True

The Golden Rule of Listening states, "Listen unto others as you would have others listen unto you."

True

To achieve a conversational tone, the text advises that you "be yourself, but somewhat intensified."

True

Metaphor (247)

a comparison implying similarity between two things

Simile (246)

a comparison using like or as, of otherwise dissimilar things.

Which one of the following is an inappropriate reason for rejecting a sales representative's pitch?

a shaky, unconfident delivery

Steps in Giving an Impromptu Speech (258-259)

decide your conclusion first organize your speech don't rush whenever possible, link your remarks to those of other speakers don't feign knowledge be brief try to foresee situations where you are likely to be called upon to speak impromptu

Parallel structure (248)

equivalent grammatical forms used to express ideas of equal importance

Steps when Evaluating a Speaker (48-49)

establish criteria listen objectisvely take notes look for both positive and negative aspects give positive comments first couple negative comments with positive alternatives in most cases, ignore nervousness be specific

When a company fires 100 employees, it doesn't call its action firing but instead uses the term rightsizing. The word rightsizing is an example of which one of the following categories?

euphemisms

"The secret to being tiresome," said the French philosopher Voltaire, "is in telling ______"

everything

Which method of speaking involves delivery from notes, following extensive preparation and rehearsal?

extemporaneous

"Hitler indulged in schadenfreude, finding joy in the misery of others. When his stormtroopers looted and burned shops owned by Jews, he watched with glee. When the generals who tried to assassinate him were tortured and then killed,he watched the film of the grisly events with great satisfaction." This is an instance of which type of definition?

extended

A descriptive speech does not need to make a point, but can be merely a list of facts and observations

false

You should never go over concepts that a significant number of listeners already know.

false

Which one of the following techniques for evaluating speeches is not recommended by the text?

giving negative comments first

The text recommends that you "practice ______, not ________."

ideas; words

Which one of the following is not among the goals in informative speaking?

impart strongly held opinions

Mixed metaphor (247)

incongruously combined metaphors

According to Dr. Ralph G. Nichols, intensive listening is characterized by all of the following responses except

increase in the level of blood sugar.

Pauses are unacceptable in a speech when they are used to

insert verbal fillers.

The technical language of a group or profession is known as

jargon.

Doublespeak (244)

language that is designed to confuse or to be misunderstood.

"These are sticky problems that we try to hide under a rug, but they continue to bubble to the surface." This sentence is an example of which one of the following categories?

mixed metaphor

Which one of the following is an incorrect guideline for process speeches?

omit explaining steps that are obvious

Help Remembering Key Information (292-293)

repetition presentation aids memory aids

Concerning the question-and-answer period, which technique does the text consider a mistake?

saying "That's a good question"

"The questions for the politician were like poison-tipped darts thrown at a cornered animal." This sentence is an example of which one of the following categories?

simile

Viewers of a videotape showing a two-car accident reported seeing higher speed and greater destruction when the word hit was replaced by the word

smashed.

According to the text, a powerful emotional reaction during a speech can cause a listener to

stop listening intelligently to the rest of the speech.

Connotation (241)

the emotional overtones of a word that go beyond a dictionary definition.

The Key to a Good Delivery (256)

the key to good delivery is a strong desire to communicate wit the audience.

Denotation (240)

the thing or idea to which a word refers

Which one of the following specific purpose statements is appropriate for a description speech?

to illustrate for my audience the beauty and flexibility of a hummingbird during "in flight" feeding

Which one of the following specific purpose statements is appropriate for a process speech?

to inform my audience of the steps one should take in making pumpkin pie; process speech analyzes how to do something or how something works

For a description speech about a physical object such as the Golden Gate Bridge, you would probably use the spatial pattern

true

Many experienced speakers say the most important element in a speech is interesting information

true

The best motivator in a speech is an item that has an impact on the lives of the listeners.

true

The text advises that you use generalities sparingly

true

When you want to explain or describe something that is unfamiliar to your audience, you should relate it to something that is familiar

true

A Chinese proverb that says, "I hear -- and I forget, I see -- and I remember, I do -- and I ______" explains why you should involve the audience in physical activity whenever possible

understand

Verbal Fillers (264)

vocalized pauses in which a peaker inserts sounds such as "uh."

Concrete language (243)

words that name persons and things that we can know by our five senses.

Abstract language (243)

words that name qualities, concepts, relationships, acts, conditions, and ideas.

Know the Golden Rule of Listening (45)

Listen unto others as you would have other's listen to you

Explain the Four Methods of Speaking (256-259)

Memorization manuscript impromptu extemporaneous

Which one of the following rules for listeners to follow is not included in the text?

Never use a laptop to take notes.

Which one of the following statements is false?

Oral language requires that you pad your speech with windy phrases.

Pauses (263-264)

Pausing helps the listeners know you have finished a thought and gives them time to digest. this also can be effective in creating suspense for the next idea.

The word democracy fits into which one of the following categories?

abstract words

When quickly organizing an impromptu speech, the text recommends that you plan all of the following items except

an apology for lack of preparation.

Cliché (247)

an overused word of phrase

The text suggests ways for a listener to enhance concentration. Which one of the following is not recommended?

arguing mentally with the speaker