SPH106 Exam 2

keeping an open mind

Hallmark of critical listening

seeking feedback

When a public speaker scans the eyes of the audience, he or she is generally what?

Responding

( Final stage in listening process) Answering/giving feedback to the speaker

personal distance

(18in-4ft) the space used when interacting with friends and acquaintances; imaginary bubble that keeps you untouched by others

Receiving

(Stage 1 in listening process) Hearing and attending to the message

Understanding

(Stage 2 in the listening process) Deciphering meaning from the message you hear

Remembering

(Stage 3 in the listening process) Retaining what you hear in a memory

Evaluating

(Stage 4 in the listening process) Thinking critically about and judging the message

intimate distance

0-18 inches; each person experiences the sound, smell, and feel of the others breath (lovemaking, comforting, protecting)

public distance

12- 25 ft; could make defensive action if threatened

social distance

4-12 ft; lose visual detail you have at personal distance; conduct impersonal business and interact at a social gathering at this social distance

influence

A salesperson who catches your eye when you walk into a store and smiles at you repeatedly as you browse is using nonverbal messages to _____.

display knowledge; build rapport

According to author Deborah Tannen, men communicate in order to _____, while women communicate in order to _____?

Cannot identify which were spoken by women and which were spoken by men

According to recent research, when messages spoken by men and women are transcribed, native English speakers

He was violating cultural context of the conversation

After the weekend, the sales team usually greeted each other with a brief "How are you today?" before beginning their Monday morning meeting. Everyone was surprised and upset when Louie responded with a detailed account of his financial worries and his impending divorce. What was Louie doing incorrectly?

to control

Alicia and Erin were in the middle of an unpleasant argument about the monthly budget. In exasperation, Alicia raises her hand to indicate "stop." This is an example of which function of nonverbal messages?

indirect

April has a major test tomorrow, and she likes quiet when she is studying. When her roommate turns on a loud, heavy-metal song, April hurriedly says, "Wow, that's really intense, isn't it?" This is an example of a(n) _____ message.

intensional orientation

As a student teacher, Bradley relied on his supervising teacher to show him the ropes. When it was his turn to take over the class, everyone was on their best behavior. But Bradley only called on his supervisor's favorite students, and was very critical of those students his supervising teacher had labeled "brats" privately. Which type of conceptual distortion is Bradley exhibiting?

biases and prejudices

As part of the jury for a traffic accident case, Lila learns that the defendant's lawyer is a friend of her ex-husband. Lila decides right then that the defendant is probably guilty. Which listening barrier is Lila experiencing?

Netiquette

Correct/acceptable way of communicating on the Internet

Display Rules

Cultural Rules that govern which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate and which are inappropriate in a public setting

objective

Denotative meaning is ________

understanding

Derek is attending a workshop on using Prezi presentation software. He finds himself comparing it to what he knows about PowerPoint. Which stage of the listening process does this represent?

language that alienates and separates

Disconfirming language can most accurately be explained as

sexist

Dom, the older manager of a high-end restaurant, calls all his young female servers "honey" and "sweetie-pie" when asking them to do something. Dom is using _____ language.

assimlation

During the first semester, Madison struggled to understand and get along with her roommate. She now wants to improve her active listening skills in hopes of changing the situation. Toward this goal, you advise Madison to use all of the following strategies EXCEPT to use _____________ to filter her roommate's ideas through her own expectations

emotional expression

During the wake, many mourners simply offered hugs instead of words to the grieving family, an example of nonverbal messages as _____.

Connotation

Feeling/emotional aspect of meaning (of something), generally viewed as consisting of the evaluative, and activity dimensions; the associations of a term

Snarl Words

Highly negative words that express the feeling of the speaker rather than referring to any objective reality

Purr Words

Highly positive words that express the speaker's feelings rather than referring to any objective reality

compelling and relevant

How does an effective speaker help listeners overcome any mental distractions? help listeners overcome any mental distractions? The speaker makes his or her message __________ ____ ___________ to listeners.

Develop a hypothesis and test its validity

How should we as listeners make accurate judgments about others' nonverbal messages?

variations in rate

If a researcher was studying a culture and its paralanguage, the study would include what?

height and attractiveness

In terms of body communication, which attributes provide significant advantages in a wide variety of situations, according to the text?

empathetic listening

Julia, a new nursing graduate, works on a pediatric oncology floor at a major hospital. In her first month on the job, Julia spends much of her time listening to patients' stories and their families' concerns. She soon develops close relationships with all her patients. Julia has focused on ?

The role of culture in language

Kyle's coworkers come from a variety of backgrounds, and he wants to get to know them better. He invites a few guys to come to his apartment for dinner but is surprised when one man shows up in a suit and tie, clearly expecting a formal meal, not the pizza Kyle has ordered. This is an example of ?

manage impressions

Lizzie is nervous before her job interview. But as she walks in, she decides to put her best foot forward by smiling, offering a firm handshake, and looking the interviewer directly in the eye. Lizzie is using nonverbal messages to _____.

Face-Saving

Maintaining a positive self-image in the minds of others

Denotation

Meaning of something you'd find in a dictionary; meaning that members of the culture assign to a word

affect displays

Movements of the facial area that convey emotional meaning, such as anger, fear, and surprise.

Disconfirmation

Process by which one person ignores/denies the right of another person even to define him or herself

meanings are in people

Raj begins his speech asking the question, "Where is home?" He then continues by discussing how home used to mean his birthplace in Bangalore, but now it means an apartment in Chicago near Wrigley Field. Which principle of verbal messages does this demonstrate?

heterosexist

When Jean found out that her daughter's kindergarten teacher was gay, she told all her friends that he would be "especially good" with young female students. Jean is guilty of using _____ language.

Check understanding

The most obvious important function of active listening is the ability to ?

illustrator

When Kenn spread his hands wide to indicate the size of the largemouth bass he caught, he was using which type of gesture?

lack of appropriate focus

Ty is attending a recruitment presentation at a major university in his state. He gets so excited about comments on football game day traditions that he misses information concerning which majors are offered by the university. Which listening barrier is Ty experiencing here?

different

Universal when it comes to communication and listening? Each person's meaning system is ____________ than every other person's.

to hurt others

Wendy is away at college, and usually talks to her parents every few days. But when they cancel her credit card after receiving a huge bill, she doesn't call them for over a month and ignores their texts and calls. This demonstrates the use of silence to?

The types of communication expected

What does our use of different proxemic distances in different circumstances reflect?

indexing

What strategy can BEST help us distinguish between similar yet different people, objects, or events?

listening

When Estrella reads the text from her friend in the emergency room, she immediately knows that something is wrong. This is an example of ?

snarl words

When asked about the candidate, Gloria just said, "He's a bigot." Her description could be classified as ______

similarly; differently

When it comes to emotion and culture, it is most accurate to say that while emotions may be experienced _____________ in different cultures, they are displayed ____________

similarities outnumber differences

When scholars examine gender differences in listening, they seem to agree that ?

influencing

When we say that listening can help you change the attitudes and behaviors of others, this is referring specifically to which of its benefits?

exhibits greater pupil dilation and more eye blinks

Which of the following behaviors most often accompanies lying according to researchers?

non-white

Which of the following cultural identifiers is considered the LEAST appropriate?

resist evaluation until you understand

Which of the following does NOT describe a useful strategy for moving information from short-term to long-term memory?

Paul is eager to advocate for the Green Party candidate but also respects Zoe's position

Which of the following is the BEST description of an assertive communicator?

consistent

Which of the following represents an encoding skill related to nonverbal communication behaviors? (Keep your nonverbal messages _____________ with your verbal messages.)

static evaluation

_____ is the tendency to retain evaluations without change, although the reality is actually changing.

sexism

bias or prejudice against a particular sex

Confirmation

communication pattern that acknowledges another person's presence and also indicates an acceptance of this person, this person's definition of self, and the relationship as defined/viewed by this other person

artifactual communication

communication that takes place through the wearing and arrangement of various items made by human hands

Primary affect displays include all of the following EXCEPT what?

jealousy

indirect speech

means of expressing the content of statements, questions, etc. without quoting explicitly

illustrators

nonverbal behaviors that accompany and literally illustrate verbal messages - for example, an upward gesture accompanying the verbalization "its up there"

regulators

nonverbal behaviors that regulate, monitor, or control the communications of another person, such as nods/changes in body

adaptors

nonverbal behaviors that satisfy some personal need and usually occur without awareness

boundary markers

objects that divide one person's territory from another's (fence)

earmarker

physical sign that identifies an item as belonging to a specific person (nameplates on desks, name on attache case, etc.)

maxim (principle) of cooperation

principle that holds that in any communication interaction, both parties will make an effort to help each other

Institutionalized racism

seen in de facto school segregation, in companies ' reluctance to hive members of minority groups etc.

Institutional ageism

seen in mandatory retirement laws and age restrictions in certain occupations; media's portrayal of "old" people as incompetent, without romantic feelings, etc.

institutional heterosexism

societal policies and actions by institutions (ex. govt, health care systems, educational systems, etc.) that promote heterosexual lifestyle, exclude/discriminate LGBT+ as individuals

direct speech

speech in which the speaker states his or her intentions clearly and forthrightly

proxemics

study of communicative function of space; the study of how people unconsciously structure their space

chronemics

study of the communicative nature of time - of the way you treat time and use it to communicate

psychological time orientation

the emphasis you place on the past, present, and future

facial management techniques

used to mask certain emotions and to emphasize others (intensifying expression of happiness to make a friend feel good about a promotion)