Spinal Cord
cervical
C1-C8
Periphereal Nerve
CT layers: epineurium- covers peripheral never (outer membrane) perineurium- around 1 fascicle endoneurium
lateral grey horn
L1-L2
lumbar region
L1-L5
thoracic
T1-T12
posterior white column
sensory
CSF
shock absorber diffusion of dissolved gasses, nutrients, waste products
anterior grey horn
somatic
transverse section of the spinal cord
further you go down, larger grey matters becomes (in comparison to white matter)
pia mater
internal
sc extends from
foramen magnum to L1
dura mater
"hard mother" outermost layer toughest layer
conos medullaris
"phone of medulla" below lumbar-sacral enlargement end of spinal cord (L1)
glial cells are
*satellite cells* give support bring nutrients waste products to cell bodies
spinal cord
31 different segments sc + brain= functional difference sc *it integrates and prcocces info* each region has tracts for movements
Sacrum
S1-S5
fillium terminale
[coccygeal ligament] -thread of fibrous tissue -extends from top of conos medullaris to coccygeal region -provide longitudinal support to spinal cord
arriving to spinal cord
afferent
somatic
anterior horn leave by ventral root
In the spinal cord, the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in the
anterior horns
subarachnoid
b.w pia mater and arachnoid mater contains CSF
subdura space
b/w dura mater & arachnoid mater questionable
cauda equina
below L1-L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots
below L1-L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the
cauda equina
sensory nerve
comes in dorsally
dorsal root ganglion
contains a lot of cell body of neurons glial cells found here posterior median sucli
The spina cord tapers at a conical tip called the
conus medullaris
helps prevent lateral and inferior movement of the spinal cord
denticulate ligaments
outermost meninx, and from supportive and protective partitions between some portions of the brain
dura mater
The meninges (3 layers)
dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater protection physical stability absorbs schock protects brain
exiting spinal cord
efferent
sensory + motor=
enlargement of sc
motor nerve
exits through ventral
denticulate ligament
extension of spinal pia mater provides stability help pia attach to arachnoid mater & dura mater *helps prevent lateral & inferior movement of the spinal cord*
plexuses (4)
group of nerves that get together after they branch off from vertebral column 1. Cervical Plexuses 2. Brachial Plexuses 3.Lumbar plexuses 4. sacral plexuses
posterior side
has dorsal root ganglion
sensory commands
info arriving from different areas of the body dorsal/ventral ramus
cervical enlargement
info from pectoral girdle AND upper limbs
visceral
lateral horn leave by ventral root
posterior gray commisuri anterior gray commissure
located alongside central canal contain fibers that pass through one side of spinal cord to another "highway nerve"
arachnoid mater
middle delicate layer
anterior white column
motor
central canal
opening in the middle of spinal cord CSF passes through it
vertebral column & spinal nerves
paired; exit on both sides of the body form branches, form plexuses
not region of spinal cord
pelvic
dorsal
posterior
lumbar-sacral enlargement
provide info form structures of the pelvis and lower limbs
posterior grey horn
throughout sc contains sensory info arriving from somatic and visceral *somatic: synapses first* visceral second (lateral & posterior)
anterior
ventral anterior median fissure
motor commands leave through the
ventral root
motor commands
visceral motor leads through the ventral root -back to organs somatic motto leaves through the dorsal rams & ventral root -travles to skeletal muscles