sport psych ch 3

athlete motivation is usually the result of... A. a combination of personal and situational factors B. situational factors C. the history of success or failure D. personal factors E. parental expectations

A

what are the two primary situational considerations in need achievement theory? A. probability of success and incentive value of success B. pride or shame and probability of success C. resultant achievement motivation and probability of success D. incentive value of success and pride or shame E. probability of success and motive to achieve success

A

which of the following is a method for increasing intrinsic motivation? A. provide positive feedback B. give rewards that are not contingent on performance C. set easy performance goals D. a and b E. a and c

A

an athlete is more motivated when she plays against competitors who are better than she is than when she plays against competitors who are weaker than she is. this is an example of which approach to motivation? A. trait-centered B. situational C. interactional D. individual E. none of these

B

an effective technique to use to change undesirable motives of an athlete is... A. rational emotive therapy B. operant conditioning C. self-monitoring D. cognitive intervention E. cognitive restructuring

B

motivated behavior is primarily a function of individual characteristics. this is consistent with which view of motivation? A. interactional B. treat-centered C. phenomenological D. individual E. situational

B

which of the following is NOT one of the major motives for participating in sport? A. having fun B. pleasing parents C. improving skills D. being with friends E. achieving success

B

in a general sense, motivation can be defined as... A. the intensity of one's effort B. the direction of one's effort C. the intensity and direction of one's effort D. the belief that one can successfully perform a task E. the direction and duration of one's effort

C

which of the following is NOT a major reason for initially joining an exercise program? A. feeling better B. health factors C. affiliation D. weight loss E. fitness

C

which of the following is NOT true of reinforcement? A. if a consequence of doing something is positive, we will try to repeat this behavior in the future. B. if a consequence of doing something is negative, we will try to not repeat this behavior in the future. C. the consequences of behavior are not as important as one's personality D. a and b E. a and c

C

a study by sorrentino and sheppard on motivation of swimmers found that... A. approval-oriented swimmers demonstrated faster times in the group situation than in the individual situation B. approval-oriented swimmers demonstrated faster times in the individual situation than in the group situation C. rejection-oriented swimmers swam faster individually than in relay situations D. a and c E. b and c

D

to understand an athlete's motives for sport participation, one should... A. observe the athlete to see what he/she likes and does not like about the activity B. talk to others who know the athlete C. periodically ask the athlete to list his/her reasons for participation D. all of these E. a and c

D

which is the most widely endorsed view of motivation taken by sport psychologists? A. phenomenological B. trait-centered C. situational D. interactional E. individual

D

which of the following is a stage of development in achievement motivation? A. autonomous competence stage B. integrated stage C. perceived competence stage D. a and b E. all of these

D

the results of the sorrentino and sheppard study have which of the following practical implications? A. the four faster swimmers would not necessarily make the best relay team B. both situation and personal factors should be considered in understanding motivation C. rejection-oriented swimmers would perform best in relays D. a and c E. a and b

E

according to the sorrentino and sheppard (1978) study, knowing only personal characteristics of the athletes is sufficient to predict performance T / F

F

all people eventually reach the integrated stage of achievement motivation. T / F

F

people usually have only one motive for participating in sport and exercise. T / F

F

people with high levels of achievement motivation focus on avoiding failure. T / F

F

positive coaching practices always result in positive outcomes. T / F

F

the trait-centered approach to motivation states that motivated behavior results from the interaction of participant factors and situational factors. T / F

F

to create motivational environments, coaches should focus only on competitive activities during practice sessions. T / F

F

being with friends is a motive for sport participation. T / F

T

coaches should focus on mastery, rather than performance outcomes, to improve achievement motivation. T / F

T

in operant conditioning, reinforcements increased desired behaviors. T / F

T

in positive reinforcement, one follows the desired behavior with a reward. T / F

T

liking the instructor is a major motive for continuing an exercise program. T / F

T

motivation is the intensity and direction of effort toward a goal or objective. T / F

T

motives for sport and exercise involvement may change over time. T / F

T

the situational approach to motivation states that a person's motivation level is determined primarily by situation. T / F

T