Sports and Exercise Science

philosophy

A system of values by which one lives or works Helps individuals address the problems that confront them through the use of critical thinking, logical analysis, and reflective appraisal.

fat

20-35%; 9 calories/gram; Energy for the body - Aid in absorption of certain vitamins (vitamin D) - Thermal insulation - Cushioning of the organs - Maintenance of cells

protein

4 calories/gram; 10-35%; Growth and repair of bone and muscle - Components of cells, blood, enzymes, and certain hormones - Energy for the body

carbohydrates

4 calories/gram; Energy for the body - Non-digestible forms aid in elimination and help regulate glucose and cholesterol; 45-65%

dance

A physical activity and performing art that gives participants, of all ages, an opportunity for aesthetic expression through movement.

metaphysics

Addresses the ultimate nature of reality; what is real and exists.

twice

Adults should also partake in muscle strengthening activities how many times a week?

DSHEA

Allows supplement manufacturers the freedom to market more products as dietary supplements and to provide information about the product benefits so that the consumer can make informed choices.

sedentary lives

Although men and women of all ages are participating in fitness and sport activities more than ever before, available data show that many children and adults are leading what kind of lives?

the profession

An occupation requiring specialized training in an intellectual field of study that is dedicated to the betterment of society through service through others. Requires a bachelor's degree and often advanced study to learn about the theoretical aspects of the field, skill development, and engage in practical experiences.

muscle protein synthesis

Anabolic - Amino acids are joined together to make a protein

VO2 max and endurance

Because RBC carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete's...

dehydration

Blood volume declines as water is lost; Loss or imbalance in electrolytes; May effect muscle contractions, nerve transmissions and hormonal secretions

muscle protein breakdown

Catabolic - Breakdown of body proteins into amino acids

mental

Characterized by sound decision-making skills, intellectual growth, and high self-esteem.

deer-antler spray

Companies claim it increases IGF-1, Lean Mass and Even Testosterone

ethics

Concerned with issues of right and wrong, responsibility, and standards of conduct.

health

Concerns itself with the total well-being of the individual, encompassing physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual health

education, poverty, race, and ethnicity

Differences in leisure-time physical activity participation were associated with level of

protein synthesis

Elevations in testosterone concentrations stimulates what? , resulting in improvements in muscle size, body mass, and strength.

social

Emphasizes the development of interpersonal skills and healthy, fulfilling relationships as well as contributing to the welfare of others and one's community.

humanism

Emphasizes the development of the full potential of each individual. - Focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and the development of values. -Treating people as individuals, valuing the dignity of each person, enhancing self-esteem and promoting self-responsibility. - Considers the feelings, needs, goals, capabilities, and limitations of individuals.

sport philosophy

Encompasses the study of the nature of reality, the structure of knowledge in sport, ethical and moral questions, and the aesthetics of movement

emotional

Enhanced through acceptance of one's feelings, appropriate expression of a wide range of emotions, and effective stress management.

epistemology

Examines the nature of knowledge.

axiology

Examines the nature of values.

logic

Focuses on the examination of ideas in an orderly and systematic way and how ideas relate to each other.

HCG

Hormone obtained from the placenta of pregnant women When injected into men, can increase testicular testosterone levels production Testosterone levels nearly double in 4 days Typically used at end of steroid cycle to stimulate test production

performance enhancing substances

Hormones and the drugs that mimic their effects; Dietary Supplements

physical

How your body functions, freedom from disease, being active on a regular basis, following sound nutritional practices, maintaining a healthy body weight, and getting sufficient sleep.

negative

In the absence of nutrient intake, skeletal muscle net balance can remain in what state for 48 hours?

environment

Includes where an individual lives and works. Some factors include: amount of noise, level of pollution, availability of safe places to walk, and type of housing.

doping

Ingestion of substances that "unknown" to the athlete can cause a positive test for what?

dietetics

Nutrionists need a bachelor's degree in a field related to food and nutrition, health, or what?

well-being, enhance self-esteem, and teach important life skills

Programs for at-risk youths can increase

post workout

Protein › Whey › Casein, Carbs Creatine, Vitamins

high-glycemic carbs

Rapidly absorbed and produce a strong insulin response - Complex carbs are absorbed far more slowly

naturalism

Reality and life are governed by the laws of nature: the individual is more important than society. -Self direction, individualized learning and competition against oneself are important -Play and outdoor activities provide beneficial opportunities for exploration and problem solving as a means of personal growth and learning.

existentialism

Reality is determined by an individual's experiences. - An individual's experiences and choices create a uniquely personal worldview and affect their perception of reality. -Emphasizes the freedom of individuals to think as they choose and to make choices, but stresses that they must accept the consequences of their actions. -Creativity, individuality, self-responsibility, and self-awareness are important aspects of this philosophy. Ex: Sports psychologist

Pragmatism

Reality is determined by an individuals life experiences; the individual learns the truth through experiences. ex:College rec sports director

benefits of physical activity

Reduces the risk of: Early death, heart disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, adverse blood lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, colon and breast cancers Prevention of weight gain Helps with weight loss when combined with a diet Increases cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness Prevents falls Reduced depression Better cognitive function for older adults Better functional health for older adults

spiritual

Reflects a sense of purpose in life and living life in accordance to one's beliefs and values.

exercise science

Scientific analysis of exercise or physical activity, specifically how people's movements develop and change across their lifespan and further expand their understanding of how people learn motor skills

human growth hormone (HGH)

Secreted from anterior pituitary gland Stimulates bone and skeletal muscle growth Synthetic version created in 1986

recreation and leisure

Self- chosen activities that provide a means of revitalizing and refreshing one's body and spirit

philosophy

Set of beliefs relating to a particular field. Your system of beliefs and values guides your conduct in both your professional and personal life

sport and economic development

Sport can contribute to economic development by creating additional sources of income including the manufacture of sporting goods, the development of sport-related services and infrastructure or the hosting of sports events.

value of sport

Sport is a means of exchange and understanding among people of various backgrounds, nationalities or beliefs, and promotes expression beyond traditional barriers. The rules of the game transcend differences and inequality and help redefine success and performance. Through sport, people identify new role models in society.

pre-workout

Stimulants: - Caffeine -Ephedrine Creatine Beta-alanine Amino acids Arginine; Nitric oxide; HMB

healthy people 2010

Stresses improvement of the health of the nation, with a particular emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. -Primary Goals: Increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminating health disparities.

aesthetics

Studies the nature of beauty and art.

ergogenic aid

Substance or product that enhances performance

testosterone

Synthetic (man-made) derivatives of the male sex hormone

philosophy

The love of wisdom" The pursuit of truth through the systematic investigation of reality, knowledge, meanings and values.

idealism

The mind interprets events and creates reality; values and ideals are absolute and universally shared. ex: Youth sports coach; fitness leader

realism

The physical world is the real world and it is governed by nature: Science reveals the truth. ex: Coaches

sport

Well-established, officially governed competitive physical activities in which participants are motivated by internal and external rewards (Coakley, 2009)

nutritionist

a health specialist who devotes his/her professional activity exclusively to food/nutrition science, preventative nutrition, disease related to nutrient deficiencies, and the use of nutrient manipulation to enhance the clinical response to human diseases.

health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (World Health Organization, 1947).

stacking regimen

administer several different drugs simultaneously to increase potency

Sport biomechanics

applies the methods of physics and mechanics to the study of human motion and the motion of sport objects

adapted physical activity

concerned with the preparation of teachers and sport leaders to provide programs and services for individuals with disabilities

sports medicine

concerned with the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of sports-related injuries

sport history

critical examination of the past, with a focus on events, people, and trends that influenced the development and direction of the field

pyramid fashion

dosage steadily increased over several weeks followed by steady reduction to reduce negative side effects

sport management

encompasses the many managerial aspects of sport including personnel management, budgeting, facility management, and programming

holistic health

focuses on the whole person and encompasses the intellectual and spiritual dimensions of health in addition to the physical, mental, and social dimensions.

sports and politics

go hand in hand. Events such as the World Cup and the Olympic Games can be vehicles for improving understanding between countries.

20th century

gradual, epidemiologic transition from infectious to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death.

physical education

includes the acquisition and refinement of motor skills, the development and maintenance of fitness for optimal health and well-being, the attainment of knowledge about physical activities, and the fostering of positive attitudes conductive to lifelong learning and lifespan participation

prohormones

is a substance that is a precursor to a hormone, usually having minimal hormonal effect by itself. The term has been used in medical science since the middle of the 20th century. Examples of natural, human prohormones include proinsulin and pro-opiomelanocortin. Sometimes called "designer steroids"

sport

is one of the most cross-cutting of all development and peace tools.

your professional philosophy

is reflected in your actions as a professional, the manner in which you handle the responsibility of being a role model, and mirrored in your behaviors toward and interactions with the people you serve. -can serve as a guide in making ethical decisions as you confront many issues and problems within the field. -can help solidify your commitment to your profession and offer you a direction for your efforts -is a dynamic process and will likely change as you mature and gain experience in the field.

tobacco

is the leading cause of death contributing to 467,000 deaths per year

subdisciplines

led to specialization with academics and practitioners. New developments occurred such as scholarly journals and conferences; college courses, undergraduate majors, and graduate programs

rapid degradation

occurs when testosterone is given orally or through injectable administration, thus chemical modification was necessary to retard the degradation process.

existentialism

reality that emphasizes by individuals life experiences

cardiovascular disease

related to physical inactivity, poor nutrition, obesity, and tobacco use

1/3 cancer deaths

related to poor nutrition, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, and other lifestyle factors

wellness

state of optimal health and well-being in which an individual's physical, emotional, social, mental, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health are in balance.

motor development

studies the factors that influence the development of abilities essential to movement

motor learning

study of changes in motor behavior that are primarily the result of practice and experience, specifically the effect of content, frequency, and timing of feedback on skill learning

sport pedagogy

study of teaching and learning in school and nonschool settings

exercise physiology

study of the effects of various physical demands, particularly exercise, on the structure and function of the body

sport sociology

study of the role of sport in society, its impact on participants in sport, and the relationship between sport and other societal institutions

blood doping

the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells (RBC) in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance.

National Health and Nutrition examination survey

tracks the prevalence of overweight youths and adults

cyclic pattern

used for several weeks or months and alternate with discontinued use

sport and exercise psychology

uses principles and scientific methods from psychology to study human behavior in sport

sport in society

utilizes the power and appeal of sport to create a just world by eliminating discrimination, hate and violence, while creating lasting solutions, and promoting healthy development and social responsibility.

hydrated

what - improve exercise performance, - maintain desired training intensity - protects against heat illness.

33%

what % of adults engage in regular physical activity during their leisure time. Men engaged slightly more frequently than women. Younger adults were more active than older adults.

61%

what % of the students reported they exercise to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight

41%

what % of the students tried to manage their weight by eating less food, consuming fewer calories, or selecting foods low in fat to eat.

18.1%

what is the % of adolescents are obese ages 12-19

19.6%

what is the % of children that are obese between ages 6-11?

10.4%

what is the % of children that is obese for ages 2-5?

whey

what is the best post exercise protein type?

80%

what percent of overweight and obese children and adolescents are becoming overweight and obese adults.

strategies for weight loss

write it down, look at the label, behavioral eating, stay hydrated