SS8H5: Evaluate the impact of the Civil War on Georgia

General Robert E. Lee

Commander of Confederate Army during the Civil War.. Great leader, Lincoln wanted him as the leader of the Union Army

General Hood

Confederate General who was defeated by Sherman in the Battle of Atlanta.

Captain Henry Wirz

Cruel Confederate commander who ran Andersonville; was executed for mistreatment of Union prisoners of war

Gettysburg Address

(1863) A 3 minute speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights. Example of one of the best public speeches ever.

Antietam (Sharpsburg)

(September 17, 1862). The bloodiest day of the Civil War: 12,000 Union men lost their lives, as did 10,000 Confederates. It was the bloodiest day in United States military history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing.

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the United States; helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery; Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort; GOING IN!!!

Confederate States of America/Confederacy

A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States

Scott's Great Snake (Anaconda Plan)

A two-part strategy to destroy the South's economy with a naval blockade. Also prevented the South from getting weapons and supplies. He also wanted to control the Mississippi River. It would take time, but hopefully little blood.

Chickamauga

Biggest Civil War battle fought in Georgia, The Union Army's largest defeat when they lost control of an important railroad center near Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War; Confederates won.

Secession

Formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation.

Alexander Stephens

Georgia Congressman who supported the Georgia Platform in 1850 and fought against secession in 1861 but eventually became the Vice President of the Confederate States of America.

Jefferson Davis

Mississippi politician who became the first President of the Confederate States of America.

Blockade Runners

Private Southern ships (speed boats) that attempted to "break" the Union blockade and trade cotton with European countries for manufactured goods.

Emancipation Proclamation

September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam, document issued by Lincoln, freeing "all slaves in states or districts in rebellion against the United States will be thenceforth and forever free."

The Atlanta Campaign

Sherman's attack on Atlanta... destroyed railroads, businesses; burned Atlanta to the ground. 1864

March to the Sea

Sherman's march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia which he burned down the city of Atlanta and cut off confederate supplies received by the sea. They wanted to destroy the Southern economy and morale, leading to Southern surrender.

Battle of Gettysburg (1863)

The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point; Point where the Union Army started to win more battles.

54th Massachusetts Regiment

The first black infantry regiment organized during the Civil War. Volunteer Black soldiers, both free and freedmen, were first allowed to fight in the Union army under the Militia Act of July 1862: the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 further sanctioned the use of black troops in the Union army

General Ulysses S. Grant

The lead general of the Union Army who defeated the Confederate Army in the US Civil War.

Andersonville

The most infamous prison in the south. There was no shelter. There was a huge population, and there were food shortages, overcrowding, and disease that killed about 100 men a day during the summer months; Over 13,000 Union soldiers died in the camp.

Blockade

The use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region; Union troops captured Fort Pulaski and surrounded it.

Colonel Shaw

Union Army leader who came from a family with strong abolitionist views, was appointed by the governor of Massachusetts to lead the 54th Regiment.

General William Tecumseh Sherman

Union general who helped end the Civil War by destroying the States of Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina; known for burning Georgia in the March to the Sea.