Stat Exam

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Every student taking elementary statistics at a large university (about 1,100 students) participated in a class project by rolling a 6-sided die 100 times. Each individual student determined the proportion of his or her 100 rolls for which the result was a "1". The instructor plans to draw a histogram of the 1,100 sample proportions. What will be the approximate mean for the 1,100 sample proportions? A) 1/100 B) 1/6 C) 6/100 D) 6

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A group of students was randomly divided, with about a third of them assigned to receive vitamin C and the remaining to receive a placebo. The research question was: Does vitamin C help to prevent colds. Is this an observational study or a randomized experiment? A) Randomized experiment. B) Observational study.

A hypothesis test gives a p-value of 0.30. If the significance level α = 0.05, the results are said to be A) not statistically significant because the p-value > α. B) statistically significant because the p-value > α. C) practically significant because the p-value > α. D) not practically significant because the p-value > α.

A list of 5 pulse rates is: 70, 64, 80, 74, 92. What is the median for this list? A) 74 B) 76 C) 77 D) 80

A pop quiz in a class resulted in the following eight quiz scores: 0, 60, 66, 78, 82, 96, 98, 100. A five-number summary for these test scores is A) 0, 63, 80, 97, 100. B) 66, 78, 82, 96, 98. C) 0, 66, 82, 98, 100. D) 0, 25, 50, 75, 100.

A randomly selected sample of 1,000 college students was asked whether they had ever used the drug Ecstasy. Sixteen percent (16% or 0.16) of the 1,000 students surveyed said they had. Which one of the following statements about the number, 0.16, is correct? A) It is a sample statistic. B) It is a population parameter. C) It is a sample parameter. D) It is a population statistic.

A researcher randomly selected 10 students from each grade from an elementary school to study relationship between nutrition and school performance. This sampling method is BEST described as: A) Stratified random sampling B) Cluster sampling C) Simple random sampling D) Convenience sampling

A researcher wants to assess if there is a difference in the average age of onset of a certain disease for men and women who get the disease. Let μ1 = average age of onset for women and μ2 = average age of onset for men. A random sample of 30 women with the disease showed an average age of onset of 83 years, with a sample standard deviation of 11.5 years. A random sample of 20 men with the disease showed an average age of onset of 77 years, with a sample standard deviation of 4.5 years. Assume that ages at onset of this disease are normally distributed for each gender, do not assume the population variances are equal. What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? A) μ1 = μ2 and Ha: μ1 ≠ μ2 B) μ1 ≠ μ2 and Ha: μ1 = μ2 C) μ1 = μ2 and Ha: μ1 < μ2 D) μ1 = μ2 and Ha: μ1 > μ2

A safety officer wants to prove that the average speed (μ) of cars driven by a school is less than 25 mph. Suppose that a random sample of 14 cars shows an average speed of 24.0 mph, with a sample standard deviation of 2.2 mph. Assume that the speeds of cars are normally distributed. What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? A) Ho: μ = 25 and Ha: μ < 25 B) Ho: μ = 25 and Ha: μ > 25 C) Ho: μ = 25 and Ha: μ ≠ 25 D) Ho: μ = 24 and Ha: μ < 24 E) Ho: x-bar = 25 and Ha: x-bar < 25

A shoe company wants to compare two materials, A and B, for use on the soles of boys' shoes. In this example, each of ten boys in a study wore a special pair of shoes with the sole of one shoe made from Material A and the sole on the other shoe made from Material B. The sole types were randomly assigned to account for systematic differences in wear between the left and right foot. After three months, the shoes are measured for wear. Let Ho: μd = 0 versus Ha: μd ≠ 0. From this random sample of 10 boys, the sample mean difference was 0.41 and Sd was 0.387. If the p-value for this test is 0.009, then for a significance level of alpha = 0.05 which of the following is an appropriate conclusion? A) There is a statistically significant difference in population mean wear of the two shoe materials B) The population difference is not statistically significant: there is not enough evidence to conclude that the population mean wear of the two shoe materials is different. C) The population mean wear difference is .41 between the two shoe materials.

A teacher wants to know whether the number of hours students spend studying in a group affects the final course grade. He carries out a study as follows: Students are randomly assigned to study groups with each group being told how often to meet. This study is A) a randomized experiment B) an observational study

A teacher wants to know whether the number of hours students spend studying in a group affects the final course grade. He carries out a study as follows: Students voluntarily join groups based on how often the groups will meet, with the group meeting times predetermined by the teacher. This study is A) an observational study B) a randomized experiment

A well-conducted study based on a random and representative sample found that with high certainty the proportion of Americans who believe they have ever seen a ghost is in the range 24 to 30%. Based on this, the margin of error from the study was A) 3% B) 6% C) 1% D) 2%

An investigator wants to assess whether the mean weight (μ) of passengers flying on small planes exceeds the FAA guideline of average total weight of 185 pounds (passenger weight including shoes, clothes, and carry-on). Suppose that a random sample of 51 passengers showed an average total weight of 200 pounds with a sample standard deviation of 59.5 pounds. Assume that passenger total weights are normally distributed. Using the T-table, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion? A) The results are statistically significant so the average total weight of all passengers appears to be greater than 185 pounds. B) The results are statistically significant so the average total weight of all passengers appears to be less than 185 pounds. C) The results are not statistically significant so there is not enough evidence to conclude the average total weight of all passengers is greater than 185 pounds.

Correctly identify the following random variable as either discrete or continuous. The number of new accounts opened at a bank during a certain month A) Discrete B) Continuous

Decide if the following random variable described is a discrete random variable or a continuous random variable. Random variable X = the number of letters in a word picked at random out of the dictionary. A) Discrete random variable B) Continuous random variable

Decide if the probability described is a subjective (personal) probability or a relative frequency probability: A football fan believes that the Oakland Raiders have a 50% chance of winning the next Super bowl. The 50% is a A) subjective probability B) relative frequency probability

Decide if the sample is representative (or not) of the population for the question of interest. Question: Average age of people in Salt Lake City. Sample: 10 people picked randomly from all people living in Salt Lake City. Population: All people living in Salt Lake City. A) Representative B) Not representative

Determine if the following statement is a typical null hypothesis (Ho) or alternative hypothesis (Ha): There is no difference between the proportion of overweight men and overweight women in America. Hint: Refer to slides 7-8 of Tuesday lecture 1. A) Null hypothesis B) Alternative hypothesis

For a normal random variable (Using Standard Normal Table), the probability of an observation being more than one standard deviation above the mean is: A) 0.1587 B) 0.3413 C) 0.6826 D) 0.8413

For the following statement, determine if it is true or false. If events D and E are known to be mutually exclusive, then P(D|E) = 0. A) True B) False

For which of the following situations would the Central Limit Theorem not apply? A) A random sample of size 20 is drawn from a skewed population. B) A random sample of size 50 is drawn from a skewed population. C) A random sample of size 20 is drawn from a bell-shaped population. D) A random sample of size 50 is drawn from a bell-shaped population.

For which one of these relationships could we use a regression analysis? Only one choice is correct. A) Relationship between weight and height. B) Relationship between political party membership and opinion about abortion. C) Relationship between gender and whether person has a tattoo. D) Relationship between eye color (blue, brown, etc.) and hair color (blond, etc.).

Four students' names, including yours, are written on separate slips of paper and placed in a box. The teacher randomly draws two names without replacement. What is the probability that the paper with your name on it will be the second one drawn? A) 1/4 B) 1/3 C) 1/2 D) 3/4

Heights of college women have a distribution that can be approximated by a normal curve with a mean of 65 inches and a standard deviation equal to 3 inches. Using Standard Normal Table, about what proportion of college women are between 65 and 68 inches tall? A) 0.5000 B) 0.8413 C) 0.3413 D) 1.3413

If the correlation between a response variable Y and explanatory variable X is - 0.7, what is the value that defines how much variation in Y is explained by X? A) 49% B) 7% C) - 49% D) - 7%

If the result of a hypothesis test for a proportion is statistically significant, then A) the null hypothesis is rejected. B) the alternative hypothesis is rejected. C) the population proportion must equal the null value.

In the simple linear regression equation y = b0 + b1x, the symbol y represents the A) estimated or predicted response. B) estimated intercept. C) estimated slope. D) explanatory variable.

Is the given percent a statistic or a parameter? Of 10 students sampled from a class of 200, 8 (80%) said they would like the school library to have longer hours. A) Statistic B) Parameter

It is known that for right-handed people, the dominant (right) hand tends to be stronger. For left-handed people who live in a world designed for right-handed people, the same may not be true. To test this, muscle strength was measured on the right and left hands of a random sample of 15 left-handed men and the difference (left - right) was found. The alternative hypothesis is one-sided (left hand stronger). The resulting t-statistic was 1.90. Assuming the conditions are met, based on the t-statistic of 1.90 the appropriate conclusion for this test using α = 0.05 and using T-Table is A) The results are statistically significant so the left hand appears to be stronger. B) The results are statistically significant so the left hand does not appear to be stronger. C) The results are not statistically significant so there is not enough evidence to conclude the left hand appears to be stronger.

It is known that for right-handed people, the dominant (right) hand tends to be stronger. For left-handed people who live in a world designed for right-handed people, the same may not be true. To test this, muscle strength was measured on the right and left hands of a random sample of 15 left-handed men and the difference (left - right) was found. The alternative hypothesis is one-sided (left hand stronger). The resulting t-statistic was 1.90. Assuming the conditions are met, based on the t-statistic of 1.90 the appropriate decision for this test using α = 0.05 and using T-Table is: A) df = 14, so p-value < 0.05 and the null hypothesis can be rejected. B) df = 14, so p-value > 0.05 and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. C) df = 28, so p-value < 0.05 and the null hypothesis can be rejected. D) df = 28, so p-value > 0.05 and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.

Null and alternative hypotheses are statements about A) population parameters. B) sample parameters. C) sample statistics. D) it depends - sometimes population parameters and sometimes sample statistics.

One hundred people are grouped into four categories - A, B, C and D. There are 55 people in A, 17 in B, 8 in C and 20 in D. What proportion of the people are not in category A? A) 0.45 B) 55 C) 4.5 D) 0.55 E) 45

Say, for example, the correlation is 0.75 between Height (measured in inches) and Weight (measured in pounds). If Height were changed to being measured in centimeters (where 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters) what effect would this have on the correlation? A) The correlation would remain the same. B) The correlation would increase by 0.75 times 2.54 C) The correlation would decrease by 0.75 divided by 2.54

Scores on an achievement test had an average of 70 and a standard deviation of 10. Serena's score was 85. Using Standard Normal Table and assuming the scores have approximately a normal distribution, about what proportion of students scored lower than Serena? A) 0.93 B) 0.07 C) 0.84 D) 0.68

Statistic is to sample as parameter is to A) population. B) sample size. C) mean. D) estimate.

Students who live in the dorms at a college get free T.V. service in their rooms, but only receive 6 stations. On a certain evening, a student wants to watch T.V. and the six stations are broadcasting separate shows on baseball, football, basketball, local news, national news, and international news. The student is too tired to check which channels the shows are playing on, so the student picks a channel at random. On a different night, two students who don't know each other each choose a channel this way. The two events, N = {the first student watches a news broadcast } and F = {the second student watches football} are A) independent events. B) disjoint (mutually exclusive) events. C) each simple events. D) None of the above.

Study I: a researcher studies the difference in heart diseases in Asian and Latin American people. Study II: a researcher randomly selects two groups of students (a control group and a treatment group) and give normal diet to the control group and vegetarian diet to the treatment group to study differences in short-term memory effects of diet. What studies are used in Studies I and II? A) Study I: observational study; Study II: randomized experiment B) Study I: randomized experiment; Study II: observational study C) Study I: observational study; Study II: observational study D) Study I: randomized experiment; Study II: randomized experiment

Suppose on a highway with a speed limit of 65 mph, the speed of cars are independent and normally distributed with an average speed = 65 mph and standard deviation = 5 mph. What is the standard deviation for the sample mean speed in a random sample of n = 10 cars? A) 1.58 B) 13 C) 32.5

The correlation between two variables is given by r = 0.0. What does this mean? A) The best straight line through the data is horizontal. B) There is a perfect positive relationship between the two variables C) There is a perfect negative relationship between the two variables. D) All of the points must fall exactly on a horizontal straight line.

The time taken for a computer to boot up, X, follows a normal distribution with mean 30 seconds and standard deviation 5 seconds. What is the standardized score (z-score) for a boot-up time of x =20 seconds? A) -2.0 B) 0.0 C) 1.0 D) 2.0

When the p-value is less than or equal to the designated level of 0.05, the result is called a A) statistically significant result. B) test statistic. C) significance level.

Which of the following correlation values indicates the strongest linear relationship between two quantitative variables? A) r = -0.65 B) r = -0.30 C) r = 0.00 D) r = 0.50

Which of the following is the BEST statement of the null hypothesis for conducting a Chi-Square analysis? A) The variables are NOT statistically related in the population B) The variables ARE statistically related in the population C) The variables are NOT statistically related in the sample D) The variables ARE statistically related in the sample

Which one of the following statements is false? A) The standard error measures the variability of a population parameter. B) The standard error of a sample statistic measures, roughly, the average difference between the values of the statistic and the population parameter. C) Assuming a fixed value of s = sample standard deviation, the standard error of the mean decreases as the sample size increases. D) The standard error of a sample proportion decreases as the sample size increases.

Which one of the following statements is true? A) Increasing the sample size of a survey decreases the margin of error. B) Increasing the sample size of a survey increases the margin of error.

Which one of these variables is a continuous random variable? A) The time it takes a randomly selected student to complete an exam. B) The number of tattoos a randomly selected person has. C) The number of women taller than 68 inches in a random sample of 5 women. D) The number of correct guesses on a multiple choice test.

You are applying to graduate schools and need to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). The quantitative (math) portion of this exam is a normal random variable with a mean of about 600 and standard deviation of 150. What score on this quantitative section of the GRE do you need in order to fall in the 67th percentile? A) 666 B) 712 C) 544 D) 650

______________ experiments are experiments in which neither the participants or the researchers know whether a participant is receiving the placebo or the treatment. A) Double-blind B) Single-blind C) Triple-blind

A counselor wants to show that for men who are married by the time they are 30 the average age (μ) when the men are married is not 21 years old. A random sample of 10 men who were married by age 30 showed an average age at marriage of 22.2, with a sample standard deviation of 1.9 years. Assume that the age at which this population of men gets married for the first time is normally distributed. What is the value of the test statistic? A) t =1.80 B) t =2.00 C) t =2.33

A five number summary for hours studied in a week were 5, 12, 14, 18, and 20. What is the value such that 75% of the students studied longer than that value? A) 5 hours B) 12 hours C) 14 hours D) 18 hours E) 20 hours

A group of adults aged 20 to 80 were tested to see how far away they could first hear an ambulance coming towards them. An equation describing the relationship between distance (in feet) and age was found to be: •Distance = 600 - 3 × Age Based on the equation, what is the direction of the association between distance and age? A) Positive B) Negative C) Zero D) Direction can't be determined from the equation.

A hypothesis test gives a p-value of 0.03. If the significance level α = 0.05, the results are said to be A) not statistically significant because the p-value < α. B) statistically significant because the p-value < α. C) practically significant because the p-value < α. D) not practically significant because the p-value < α.

A null hypothesis is that the mean nose lengths of men and women are the same. The alternative hypothesis is that men have a longer mean nose length than women. A statistical test is performed for assessing if men have a longer mean nose length than women. The p-value is 0.225. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to state the conclusion? A) The mean nose lengths of the populations of men and women are identical. B) There is not enough statistical evidence to say that that the populations of men and women have different mean nose lengths. C) Men have a greater mean nose length. D) The probability is 0.225 that men and women have the same mean nose length.

A null hypothesis is that the probability is 0.7 that a new drug will provide relief in a randomly selected patient. The alternative is that the probability of relief is greater than 0.7. Suppose the treatment is used on 500 patients and there are 380 successes. How would a p-value be calculated in this situation? Hint: Refer to slide 18 of Tuesday lecture 1. A) Find the chance of 380 or more successes, calculated assuming the true success rate is greater than 0.7. B) Find the chance of 380 or more successes, calculated assuming the true success rate is 0.7. C) Find the chance of fewer than 380 successes, calculated assuming the true success rate is greater than 0.7. D) Find the chance of fewer than 380 successes, calculated assuming true success rate is 0.7.

A regression between foot length (response variable in cm) and height (explanatory variable in inches) for 33 students resulted in the following regression equation: •y = 10.9 + 0.23x One student in the sample was 73 inches tall with a foot length of 29 cm. What is the predicted foot length for this student? A) 17.57 cm B) 27.69 cm C) 29 cm D) 33 cm

A regression between foot length (response variable in cm) and height (explanatory variable in inches) for 33 students resulted in the following regression equation: •y = 10.9 + 0.23x One student in the sample was 73 inches tall with a foot length of 29 cm. What is the residual for this student? A) 29 cm B) 1.31 cm C) 0.00 cm D) - 1.31 cm

A shoe company wants to compare two materials, A and B, for use on the soles of boys' shoes. In this example, each of ten boys in a study wore a special pair of shoes with the sole of one shoe made from Material A and the sole on the other shoe made from Material B. The sole types were randomly assigned to account for systematic differences in wear between the left and right foot. After three months, the shoes are measured for wear. Let Ho: μd = 0 versus Ha: μd ≠ 0. From this random sample of 10 boys, the sample mean difference was 0.41 and Sd was 0.387. If the p-value for this test is 0.009, then for a significance level of alpha = 0.05, are the results statistically significant? A) No, results are not statistically significant because the p-value < 0.05. B) Yes, results are statistically significant because the p-value < 0.05. C) No, results are not statistically significant because the p-value > 0.05 D) Yes, results are statistically significant because the p-value > 0.05.

A statistics class has 4 teaching assistants (TAs): three female assistants (Lauren, Rona, and Leila) and one male assistant (Josh). Each TA teaches one discussion section. A student picks a discussion section. The two events W = {the TA is a woman} and J = {the TA is Josh} are A) independent events. B) disjoint (mutually exclusive) events. C) each simple events. D) None of the above.

A subset of the population chosen so that every individual has an equal probability of being included is known as A) Sample. B) Random sample. C) Population. D) Sample statistic.

A teacher wants to know whether the number of hours students spend studying in a group affects the final course grade. He carries out a study as follows: Each student keeps a log of the hours he or she spends studying in a group and reports the total hours after the course is completed. This study is A) a randomized experiment B) an observational study

A variable that is not the main concern of the study but may be partially responsible for the observed results is known as A) Response variable. B) Confounding variable. C) Categorical variable. D) Explanatory variable.

According to a recent Gallup poll, about 60% of all American adults owned a cell phone at the time of the poll. The results are based on telephone interviews with a randomly selected national sample of 998 adults, 18 years and older, conducted March 30-April 2, 2001. The margin of error was reported to be 3.5%. What was the population of interest in this Gallup Poll? A) All American adults who own cell phones. B) All American adults. C) The 998 adults who participated in the survey. D) The participants in the survey who owned cell phones.

All of the following are continuous variables except A) Head circumference (in inches). B) Population in a particular county. C) Weight of newspapers distributed by The Daily Collegian in a single day. D) Time to complete a Statistics exam.

An investigator wants to assess whether the mean weight (μ) of passengers flying on small planes exceeds the FAA guideline of average total weight of 185 pounds (passenger weight including shoes, clothes, and carry-on). Suppose that a random sample of 51 passengers showed an average total weight of 200 pounds with a sample standard deviation of 59.5 pounds. Assume that passenger total weights are normally distributed. Using the T-table, for a significance level of a = 0.05, are the results statistically significant? A) No, results are not statistically significant because the p-value < 0.05. B) Yes, results are statistically significant because the p-value < 0.05. C) No, results are not statistically significant because the p-value > 0.05 D) Yes, results are statistically significant because the p-value > 0.05.

An investigator wants to assess whether the mean weight (μ) of passengers flying on small planes exceeds the FAA guideline of average total weight of 185 pounds (passenger weight including shoes, clothes, and carry-on). Suppose that a random sample of 51 passengers showed an average total weight of 200 pounds with a sample standard deviation of 59.5 pounds. Assume that passenger total weights are normally distributed. What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? A) Ho: μ > 185 and Ha: μ < 185 B) Ho: μ = 185 and Ha: μ > 185 C) Ho: μ = 185 and Ha: μ ≠ 185 D) Ho: x-bar = 200 and Ha: x-bar > 200 E) Ho: μ = 200 and Ha: μ > 200

Assuming a standard normal distribution is appropriate and using Standard Normal Table, what is the approximate probability that a z-score is greater than or equal to 2.33? Said another way, what is P(Z ≥ 2.33)? A) 0.99 B) 0.01 C) 0.15 D) 0.25

Correctly identify the following random variable as either discrete or continuous. The time taken to run a marathon A) Discrete B) Continuous

Decide if the probability described is a subjective (personal) probability or a relative frequency probability: A college basketball player has made 53% of his shots from 3-point range. The probability that he will make a 3-point shot, 53%, is a A) subjective probability. B) relative frequency probability.

Decide if the random variable described is a discrete random variable or a continuous random variable. Random variable X = the weight (in pounds) a dieter will lose after following a two week weight loss program. A) Discrete random variable B) Continuous random variable

Decide if the sample is representative (or not) of the population for the question of interest. Question: Proportion of people who intend to vote in the next presidential election. Sample: 100 baseball fans at a baseball game. Population: All voters in the next presidential election. A) Representative B) Not representative

Determine if the following statement is a typical null hypothesis (Ho) or alternative hypothesis (Ha): The graduation rate for all division I athletes is not equal to the 85% claimed by the NCAA. Hint: Refer to slides 7-8 of Tuesday lecture 1. A) Null hypothesis B) Alternative hypothesis

For a normal random variable (Using Standard Normal Table), what is the probability of an observation being greater than the mean but less than one standard deviation above the mean? A) 0.1587 B) 0.3413 C) 0.5000 D) 0.6826

For the following statement, determine if it is true or false. If events A and B are known to be independent and P(A) = 0.2 and P(B) = 0.3, then P(A and B) = 0.5. A) True B) False

For the following statement, determine if it is true or false. If two events A and B are independent, they must also be mutually exclusive. A) True B) False

For the following statement, determine if it is true or false. If two events A and B are mutually exclusive, they must also be independent. A) True B) False

For the following statement, determine if it is true or false. The probability of the intersection of two events A and B, and the probability of the union of A and B can never be equal. A) True B) False

Hint: Refer to slide 6 of Tuesday lecture 2. A hypothesis test for a population proportion ρ is given below:Ho: ρ = 0.10 Ha: ρ ≠ 0.10 If the sample size n = 500 and sample proportion ρ-hat = 0.04, then the z-statistic is: A) (0.04 - 0.10)/√[( 0.04 *(1 - 0.04))/ 500] B) (0.04 - 0.10)/√[( 0.10 *(1 - 0.10))/ 500] C) (0.10 - 0.04)/√[( 0.10 *(1 - 0.10))/ 500] D) (0.10 - 0.04)/√[( 0.04 *(1 - 0.04))/ 500]

If the confidence level is increased, which of the following must also be increased? A) sample estimate B) multiplier C) standard error

In 1988, a sample of 22,071 male physicians were randomly assigned to take either an aspirin or a placebo. The group that took the placebo is known as the A) treatment group B) control group

In a survey, when a poor method is used for selecting whom to ask to participate, this is known as A) response bias B) selection bias C) volunteer bias D) nonparticipation bias

Is the given percent a statistic or a parameter? 75% of all students at a school are in favor of more bicycle parking spaces on campus. A) Statistic B) Parameter

One hundred people are grouped into four categories - A, B, C and D. There are 55 people in A, 17 in B, 8 in C and 20 in D. What percentage of the people are not in category A? A) 55% B) 45% C) 0.45% D) 0.55% E) 4.5%

Sleep apnea is a condition involving irregular breathing during sleep. Suppose that about 20% of a random sample of n = 64 men experience sleep apnea. What is the standard error of the sample proportion? A) 0.125 B) 0.05 C) 0.10 D) 0.20

Suppose a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of Americans who exercise regularly is 0.29 to 0.37. Which one of the following statements is NOT true? A) It is reasonable to say that more than 25% of Americans exercise regularly. B) It is reasonable to say that more than 40% of Americans exercise regularly. C) An "acceptable" hypothesis is that about 33% of Americans exercise regularly. D) It is reasonable to say that fewer than 40% of Americans exercise regularly.

Suppose that a confidence interval for a population proportion p is to be calculated. For a sample size n = 100 and sample proportion p-hat = 0.50 what is the approximate margin of error for a 95% confidence interval? A) 0.05 B) 0.10 C) 0.25 D) 0.50

Suppose that vehicle speeds at an interstate location have a normal distribution with a mean equal to 70 mph and standard deviation equal to 8 mph. What is the z-score for a speed of 64 mph? A) -6 B) -0.75 C) +0.75 D) +6

The cholesterol levels of a random sample of 100 men are measured. The sample mean is 188 and the sample standard deviation is 40. Which of the following provides a 95% confidence interval for the population mean? A) 188 ± (1.99)(0.4) B) 188 ± (1.99)(4) C) 188 ± (1.99)(40) D) 188 ± (1.99)(4000)

The multiplier for a confidence interval involving proportions is determined by A) the desired level of confidence and the sample size. B) the desired level of confidence but not the sample size. C) the sample size but not the desired level of confidence.

What is the primary purpose of doing a chi-square test? To determine if there is a significant relationship between A) two quantitative variables B) two categorical variables C) two continuous variables D) a qualitative variable and quantitative variable

Which of the following is not a synonym for a quantitative variable? A) Numerical variable B) Ordinal variable C) Measurement variable

Which of the following is the BEST statement of the alternative hypothesis for conducting a Chi-Square analysis? A) The variables are NOT statistically related in the population B) The variables ARE statistically related in the population C) The variables are NOT statistically related in the sample D) The variables ARE statistically related in the sample

Which of the following is the main advantage of randomized experiments, when compared to observational studies? A) The participants are more likely to stick with the experiment for the full duration B) Cause and effect conclusions are possible. C) Random assignment ensures that the two sample sizes are equal and that requirement is necessary. D) Random assignment will allow the results to be extended to the population of all adults.

Which one of the following statements involving correlation as we have discussed is possible and reasonable? A) The correlation between hair color and eye color is 0.80. B) The correlation between the height of a father and the height of his first son is 0.6 C) The correlation between left foot length and right foot length is 2.35. D) The correlation between hair color and age is positive.

Which statement is true about x-bar and ρ-hat? A) They are both parameters. B) They are both statistics. C) x-bar is a parameter and ρ-hat is a statistic. D) ρ-hat is a parameter and x-bar is a statistic.

A computer network manager wants to test the reliability of some new and expensive fiber-optic cables that the computer department just received. The department received 4 boxes, each containing 30 cables. The manager does not have the time to test each cable so she selects one cable at random from each of the four boxes. This sampling method is BEST described as: A) Simple random sampling B) Cluster sampling C) Stratified random sampling D) Convenience sampling

A counselor wants to show that for men who are married by the time they are 30, the average age (μ) when the men are married is not 21 years old. A random sample of 10 men who were married by age 30 showed an average age at marriage of 22.2, with a sample standard deviation of 1.9 years. Assume that the age at which this population of men gets married for the first time is normally distributed. Using the T-table, and a significance level of a = 0.05, are the results statistically significant? A) No, results are not statistically significant because the p-value < 0.05. B) Yes, results are statistically significant because the p-value < 0.05. C) No, results are not statistically significant because the p-value > 0.05 D) Yes, results are statistically significant because the p-value > 0.05.

A counselor wants to show that for men who are married by the time they are 30, the average age (μ) when the men are married is not 21 years old. A random sample of 10 men who were married by age 30 showed an average age at marriage of 22.2, with a sample standard deviation of 1.9 years. Assume that the age at which this population of men gets married for the first time is normally distributed. Using the T-table, and a significance level of a = 0.05, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion? A) The results are statistically significant so the average age appears to be greater than 21. B) The results are statistically significant so the average age appears to be less than 21. C) The results are not statistically significant so there is not enough evidence to conclude average age is different from 21.

A counselor wants to show that for men who are married by the time they are 30, the average age (μ) when the men are married is not 21 years old. A random sample of 10 men who were married by age 30 showed an average age at marriage of 22.2, with a sample standard deviation of 1.9 years. Assume that the age at which this population of men gets married for the first time is normally distributed. What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? A) Ho: μ = 21 and Ha: μ < 21 B) Ho: μ = 21 and Ha: μ >21 C) Ho: μ = 21 and Ha: μ ≠ 21 D) Ho: μ ≠ 21 and Ha: μ = 21 E) Ho: x-bar = 21 and Ha: x-bar ≠ 21

A five number summary for hours studied in a week were 5, 12, 14, 18, and 20. What is the value such that 50% of the students studied longer than that value? A) 5 hours B) 12 hours C) 14 hours D) 18 hours E) 20 hours

A hypothesis test for a population proportion ρ is given below:Ho: ρ = 0.70 Ha: ρ ≠ 0.70 Use Standard Normal Table to calculate the p-value for this hypothesis test for z-statistic = 0.50. The p-value is: A) 0.0000 B) 0.3085 C) 0.6170 D) 0.6915

A null hypothesis is that the average pulse rate of adults is 70. For a sample of 64 adults, the average pulse rate is 71.8. A significance test is done and the p-value is 0.02. What is the most appropriate conclusion based on α of 0.05? A) Conclude that the population average pulse rate is 70. B) Conclude that the population average pulse rate is 71.8. C) Reject the hypothesis that the population average pulse rate is 70. D) Reject the hypothesis that the sample average pulse rate is 70.

A researcher is interested in how the mean weight of adults in college towns compares with the mean weight of adults in other towns of similar size. Which of the following statements about this research questions is true? A) The independent variable is Weight B) The explanatory variable is Weight C) The explanatory variable is Town type D) The response variable is Town type

A researcher is interested in the difference in the mean price of gasoline when comparing last week to this week for a sample of gas stations in the United States. Which of the following statements is true? A) The independent variable is Price B) The response variable is Week (Last week or this week) C) The explanatory variable is Week (last week or this week)

A researcher is interested in the mean difference in height for the male and female in fraternal twin pairs in which there is one of each sex. Which of the following statements is true? A) The explanatory variable is Height B) The response variable is Gender C) The independent variable is Gender

A result is called statistically significant whenever A) the null hypothesis is true. B) the alternative hypothesis is true. C) the p-value is less or equal to the significance level. D) the p-value is larger than the significance level.

A soft drink company holds a contest in which a prize may be revealed on the inside of the bottle cap. The probability that each bottle cap reveals a prize is 0.2 and winning is independent from one bottle to the next. What is the probability that a customer must open three or more bottles before winning a prize? A) (0.2)(0.2)(0.8) = 0.032 B) (0.8)(0.8)(0.2) = 0.128 C) (0.8)(0.8) = 0.64 D) 1- (0.2)(0.2)(0.8) = .968

A student is randomly selected from a large college. Define the events C = {the student owns a cell phone} and I = {the student owns an iPod}. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the probability P(I|C)? A) The chance that a randomly selected student owns an iPod. B) The percentage of students who own both a cell phone and an iPod. C) The proportion of students who own a cell phone who also own an iPod. D) The relative frequency of iPod owners who own a cell phone.

About 90% of the general population is right-handed. A researcher speculates that artists are less likely to be right-handed than the general population. In a random sample of 100 artists, 83 are right-handed. Which of the following best describes the p-value for this situation? Hint: Refer to slide 18 of Tuesday lecture 1. A) The probability that the population proportion of artists who are right-handed is 0.90. B) The probability that the population proportion of artists who are right-handed is 0.83. C) The probability the sample proportion would be as small as 0.83, or even smaller, if the population proportion of artists who are right-handed is actually 0.90. D) The probability that the population proportion of artists who are right-handed is less than 0.90, given that the sample proportion is 0.83.

Elizabeth has just put 4 new spark plugs in her car. For each spark plug, the probability that it will fail in the next 50,000 miles is 1/100 (which is 0.01), and is independent from one spark plug to the next. What is the probability that none of the spark plugs will fail in the next 50,000 miles? A) (0.01)(0.01)(0.01)(0.01) B) 1- (0.01)(0.01)(0.01)(0.01) C) (0.99)(0.99)(0.99)(0.99) D) 1- (0.99)(0.99)(0.99)(0.99)

For a normal random variable (Using Standard Normal Table), the probability of an observation being less than the median is: A) 0.16 B) 0.34 C) 0.50 D) 0.68

For a random sample of 9 women, the average resting pulse rate is x = 76 beats per minute, and the sample standard deviation is s = 5. The standard error of the sample mean is A) 0.557 B) 0.745 C) 1.667 D) 2.778

Heights for a sample of n = 4 women are measured. For the sample, the mean is 64 inches and the standard deviation is 3 inches. What is the standard error of the mean? A) 3/8 B) 0.75 C) 1.5 D) 3

If an exam was worth 100 points, and your score was at the 80th percentile, then A) your score was 80 out of 100. B) 80% of the class had scores at or above your score. C) 20% of the class had scores at or above your score. D) 20% of the class had scores at or below your score.

If the sample size (n) is large, and the sample is a random sample, then the distribution of the sample mean x-bar is approximately a A) binomial distribution. B) uniform distribution. C) normal distribution. D) none of the above.

In a past General Social Survey, 87% of a random sample of n = 990 respondents answered yes to the question "Would you approve of an adult male punching a stranger if the stranger had broken into the man's house?" A 98% confidence interval for the proportion of all Americans who approve of punching an intruder is A) 0.852 to 0.888 B) 0.849 to 0.891 C) 0.845 to 0.895 D) 0.842 to 0.898

Past data has shown that the regression line relating the final exam score and the midterm exam score for students who take statistics from a certain professor is •final exam = 50 + 0.5 × midterm One interpretation of the slope is: A) a student who scored 0 on the midterm would be predicted to score 50 on the final exam. B) a student who scored 0 on the final exam would be predicted to score 50 on the midterm exam. C) a student who scored 2 points higher than another student on the midterm would be predicted to score 1 point higher than the other student on the final exam. D) none of the above are an interpretation of the slope.

Study I: a researcher studies the realtiosnhip between height and heart diseases using a random sample of American adults. Study II: a researcher studies the relationship between consumer price level and stock market returns in Asian countries. What studies are used in Studies I and II? A) Study I: randomized experiment; Study II: observational study B) Study I: observational study; Study II: randomized experiment C) Study I: observational study; Study II: observational study D) Study I: randomized experiment; Study II: randomized experiment

Suppose that 200 different polling organizations and academic researchers all do surveys in which the same question is asked. All 200 research groups construct a 90% confidence interval for the proportion who would say "yes" to this question. About how many of the 200 different 90% confidence intervals will capture the value of the population proportion? A) 90 B) 95 C) 180 D) 190

Suppose you hear the following on the news: "Fifty-five percent of respondents support the President's economic plan. The margin of error for this survey is plus or minus 3 percentage points." Then the confidence interval for the percentage of people in the population who support the president's economic plan is: A) 52% to 55% B) 55% to 58% C) 52% to 58% D) 51% to 59%

The designated level (typically set at 0.05) to which the p-value is compared to, in order to decide whether the alternative hypothesis is accepted or not is called a A) statistically significant result. B) test statistic. C) significance level.

The five numbers in a five-number summary are the A) lowest value, mean, median, mode, and the highest value. B) lowest value, lower margin of error, median, upper margin of error, and the highest value. C) lowest value, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and the highest value. D) lowest value, 2nd lowest value, middle value, 2nd highest value, and the highest value.

The maximum distance at which a highway sign can be read is determined for a sample of young people and a sample of older people. The mean distance is computed for each age group. What is the most appropriate null hypothesis about the means of the two groups? A) The population means are different. B) The sample means are different. C) The population means are the same. D) The sample means are the same.

The smaller the p-value, the A) stronger the evidence against the alternative hypothesis. B) stronger the evidence for the null hypothesis. C) stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis.

The value of a correlation is reported by a researcher to be r = - 0.5. Which of the following statements is correct? A) The x-variable explains 50% of the variability in the y-variable. B) The x-variable explains -50% of the variability in the y-variable. C) The x-variable explains 25% of the variability in the y-variable. D) The x-variable explains -25% of the variability in the y-variable.

The verbal SAT scores for students admitted to a university had a bell-shaped distribution with mean = 540 and standard deviation = 50. What percentage of admitted students had verbal SAT scores between 440 and 640? A) 68% B) 90% C) 95% D) 99.7%

Using Standard Normal Table, what is the probability that Z is between -1 and 1, P(-1 < Z < 1)? A) 0.1587 B) 0.3174 C) 0.6826 D) 0.8413

Which of the following would indicate that a dataset is skewed to the right? A) The interquartile range is larger than the range. B) The range is larger than the interquartile range. C) The mean is much larger than the median. D) The mean is much smaller than the median.

Which statement is not true about confidence intervals? A) A confidence interval is an interval of values computed from sample data that is likely to include the true population value. B) An approximate formula for a 95% confidence interval is sample estimate ± margin of error. C) A confidence interval between 20% and 40% means that the population proportion lies between 20% and 40%. D) A 99% confidence interval procedure has a higher probability of producing intervals that will include the population parameter than a 95% confidence interval procedure.

Which statement is not true about the 95% confidence level? A) Confidence intervals computed by using the same procedure will include the true population value for 95% of all possible random samples taken from the population. B) The procedure that is used to determine the confidence interval will provide an interval that includes the population parameter with probability of 0.95. C) The probability that the true value of the population parameter falls between the bounds of an already computed confidence interval is roughly 95%. D) If we consider all possible randomly selected samples of the same size from a population, the 95% is the percentage of those samples for which the confidence interval includes the population parameter.

A college dean estimates that a 95% confidence interval for the percentage of currently enrolled students who plan to take classes during the next summer session is from 62% to 68%. What is the sample proportion? A) 0.62 B) 0.68 C) 0.06 D) 0.65

A hypothesis test for a population proportion ρ is given below:Ho: ρ = 0.40 Ha: ρ > 0.40 Use Standard Normal Table to calculate the p-value for this hypothesis test for z-statistic = -1.50. The p-value is: A) 0.0668 B) 0.1469 C) 0.8531 D) 0.9332

A hypothesis test for a population proportion ρ is given below:Ho: ρ = 0.40 Ha: ρ > 0.40 Use Standard Normal Table to calculate the p-value for this hypothesis test for z-statistic = 0.50. The p-value is: A) 0.0000 B) 0.3085 C) 0.5000 D) 0.6915

A hypothesis test is done in which the alternative hypothesis states that more than 10% of a population is left-handed. The p-value for the test is calculated to be 0.25. Which statement is correct? A) We can conclude that more than 10% of the population is left-handed. B) We can conclude that more than 25% of the population is left-handed. C) We can conclude that exactly 25% of the population is left-handed. D) We cannot conclude that more than 10% of the population is left-handed.

A medical treatment has a success rate of 0.8. Two patients will be treated with this treatment. Assuming the results are independent for the two patients, what is the probability that neither one of them will be successfully cured? A) 0.5 B) 0.36 C) 0.2 D) 0.04

A null hypothesis is that the mean nose lengths of men and women are the same. The alternative hypothesis is that men have a longer mean nose length than women. Which of the following is the correct way to state the null hypothesis? A) ρ = 0.5 B) x-bar1 − x-bar2 = 0 C) ρ1 − ρ2 = 0 D) μ1 − μ2 = 0

A pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability of that the sum of the two dice from this roll is two? A) 1/6 B) 1/3 C) 1/4 D) 1/36

A random sample of 600 adults is taken from a population of over one million, in order to compute a confidence interval for a proportion. If the researchers wanted to decrease the width of the confidence interval, they could A) decrease the size of the population. B) decrease the size of the sample. C) increase the size of the population. D) increase the size of the sample.

A researcher randomly selected 20 classes of Grade-1 students from all elementary schools in New York State to form a sample of students to study relationship between nutrition and school performance. This sampling method is BEST described as: A) Simple random sampling B) Convenience sampling C) Stratified random sampling D) Cluster sampling

A safety officer wants to prove that the average speed (μ) of cars driven by a school is less than 25 mph. Suppose that a random sample of 14 cars shows an average speed of 24.0 mph, with a sample standard deviation of 2.2 mph. Assume that the speeds of cars are normally distributed. Using the T-table, what is the p-value? A) 0.001 < p-value < 0.005 B) 0.048 < p-value < 0.061 C) 0.025 < p-value < 0.045 D) 0.079 < p-value < 0.111

A statistically significant relationship between two categorical variables is illustrated in the sample as one that A) is small enough that it is likely to have occurred in the observed sample even if there is no relationship in the population B) is small enough that it is unlikely to have occurred in the observed sample if there is no relationship in the population C) is large enough that it is likely to have occurred in the observed sample even if there is no relationship in the population D) is large enough that it is unlikely to have occurred in the observed sample if there is no relationship in the population

A television news program asks viewers to log onto their website and vote on a different issue each day. The website allows visitors to select one of two choices and submit a vote. The results of the poll are reported the next day on the news program. The population to which the results of these polls can be extended is A) all viewers of the news program. B) all visitors to the website. C) all viewers who have voted in any of the polls. D) only viewers who voted in that specific poll.

A two-sided or two-tailed hypothesis test is one in which A) the null hypothesis includes values in either direction from a specific standard. B) the null hypothesis includes values in one direction from a specific standard. C) the alternative hypothesis includes values in one direction from a specific standard D) the alternative hypothesis includes values in either direction from a specific standard

An outlier is a data value that A) is larger than 1 million. B) equals the minimum value in a set of data. C) equals the maximum value in a set of data. D) is not consistent with the bulk of the data.

Based on the 2000 Census, 31.8% of grandparents in California are the primary caregivers for their grandchildren. Suppose n = 1000 persons are to be sampled from this population and the sample proportion of grandparents as primary caregivers (ρ-hat) is to be calculated. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of ρ-hat? A) 0.0002 B) 0.0147 C) 0.2169 D) 0.3180

For a randomly selected sample of n = 36 men's heights, it's reported that the standard error of the mean is 0.5 inches. Three of the following statements are true, while one is false. Which statement is false? A) The standard error (0.5 inches) is an estimated value of the standard deviation of the sample mean. B) If a new sample of n = 36 men's heights is collected, the standard error of the mean might not equal 0.5 inches. C) Over many different samples of n = 36 men's heights, the average difference between the sample mean and population mean will be roughly 0.5 inches. D) In about 95% of all samples of n = 36 men's heights, the sample mean will be within 0.5 inches of the population mean.

From our Class Survey, 48% of the students reported having tried marijuana, and 24% of students reported that they had tried marijuana and still smoke marijuana. What is the probability that a student still smokes marijuana given that the student has tried marijuana? A) 0.25 B) 0.76 C) 0.46 D) 0.50

Hint: Refer to slide 6 of Tuesday lecture 2. A hypothesis test for a population proportion ρ is given below:Ho: ρ = 0.10 Ha: ρ ≠ 0.10 If the sample size n = 100 and sample proportion ρ-hat = 0.15, then the z-statistic is: A) (0.10 - 0.15)/√[( 0.15 *(1 - 0.15))/ 100] B) (0.10 - 0.15)/√[( 0.10 *(1 - 0.10))/ 100] C) (0.15 - 0.10)/√[( 0.15 *(1 - 0.15))/ 100] D) (0.15 - 0.10)/√[( 0.10 *(1 - 0.10))/ 100]

In a __________, every conceivable group of units of the required size from the population has the same chance to be the selected sample. A) stratified random sample B) systematic sample C) cluster sample D) simple random sample

In a nationwide survey of n = 1,030 adults, 6% answered yes to the question "During the last year did anyone break into or somehow illegally get into your home or apartment?" A 99% confidence interval for the proportion of all Americans who had their homes broken into is A) 0.048 to 0.072 B) 0.045 to 0.075 C) 0.043 to 0.077 D) 0.041 to 0.079

In a newspaper article about whether the regular use of Vitamin C reduces the risk of getting a cold, a researcher is quoted as saying that Vitamin C performed better than placebo in an experiment, but the difference was not larger than what could be explained by chance. In statistical terms, the researcher is saying the results are _______ A) due to non-sampling errors. B) definitely due to chance. C) statistically significant. D) not statistically significant.

In a past General Social Survey, 87% of a random sample of n = 990 respondents answered yes to the question "Would you approve of an adult male punching a stranger if the stranger had broken into the man's house?" A 99% confidence interval for the proportion of all Americans who approve of punching an intruder is A) 0.852 to 0.888 B) 0.849 to 0.891 C) 0.845 to 0.895 D) 0.842 to 0.898

In a random sample of 1000 students, 80% were in favor of longer hours at the school library. The standard error of ρ-hat is approximately: A) 0.013 B) 0.160 C) 0.640. D) 0.800

Lauren wants to wear something warm when she leaves for class. She reaches into her coat closet without looking and grabs a hanger. Based on what she has in her coat closet, she has a 30% chance of picking a sweater, a 50% chance of picking a coat, and a 20% chance of picking a jacket. What is the probability that she will pick a sweater or a coat? A) 15% B) 30% C) 50% D) 80%

One of the following is a quantitative variable that is not continuous. Which one is it? A) State in which a person lives. B) Rating of a politician (Excellent, good, fair, poor). C) Amount of time it takes to assemble a simple puzzle. D) Number of students in a first grade classroom.

Researchers want to see if men have a higher blood pressure than women do. A study is planned in which the blood pressures of 50 men and 50 women will be measured. What is the most appropriate alternative hypothesis about the means of the men and women? A) The sample means are the same. B) The sample mean will be higher for men. C) The population means are the same. D) The population mean is higher for men than for women.

Students who live in the dorms at a college get free T.V. service in their rooms, but only receive 6 stations. On a certain evening, a student wants to watch T.V. and the six stations are broadcasting separate shows on baseball, football, basketball, local news, national news, and international news. The student is too tired to check which channels the shows are playing on, so the student picks a channel at random. The two events F = {the student watches football} and A = {the student watches an athletic event} are A) independent events. B) disjoint (mutually exclusive) events. C) each simple events. D) None of the above.

Suppose that a difference between two groups is examined. In the language of statistics, the alternative hypothesis is a statement that there is __________ A) no difference between the groups for the samples. B) a difference between the groups for the samples. C) no difference between the groups for the populations. D) a difference between the groups for the populations.

Suppose two different states each pick a two-digit lottery number between 00 and 99 (for a 100 possible numbers). What is the probability that both states pick the number 13? A) 2/100 B) 1/100 C) 1/200 D) 1/10,000

Suppose we select a random sample of n = 100 students and find that the proportion of students who said they believe in love at first sight is 0.43. Which statement is not necessarily true? A) There were 43 students in the sample who said they believe in love at first sight. B) Based on the information provided by the sample, we cannot determine exactly what proportion of the population would say they believe in love at first sight. C) ρ-hat = 0.43 D) ρ = 0.43

The p-value for a one-sided test for a mean was 0.04. The p-value for the corresponding two-sided test would be: A) 0.02 B) 0.04 C) 0.06 D) 0.08

The weights of a sample of n = 8 college men will be used to create a 95% confidence interval for the mean weight of all college men. Using the T-table, what is the correct t* multiplier involved in calculating the interval? A) 1.89 B) 2.00 C) 2.31 D) 2.36

The z* multiplier for a 99% confidence interval is A) 1.65 B) 1.96 C) 2.33 D) 2.58

Using Standard Normal Table, what is the probability that Z is less than or equal to 2, P(Z ≤ 2)? A) 0.0228 B) 0.2000 C) 0.5000 D) 0.9772

Verbal SAT scores have approximately a normal distribution with mean equal to 500 and standard deviation equal to 100. The 95th percentile of z-scores is z = 1.65. What is the 95th percentile of verbal SAT scores? A) 335 B) 500 C) 600 D) 665

When conducting a chi-square test on two variables, a statistically significant relationship is illustrated when: A) the sample produces a small relationship that is likely to have occurred even if there is no difference in the population. B) the sample produces a small relationship that is unlikely to have occurred even if there is no difference in the population. C) the sample produces a large relationship that is likely to have occurred even if there is no difference in the population. D) the sample produces a large relationship that is unlikely to have occurred even if there is no difference in the population.

Which of the following is not true about the standard error of a statistic? A) The standard error measures, roughly, the average difference between the statistic and the population parameter. B) The standard error is the estimated standard deviation of the sampling distribution for the statistic. C) The standard error can never be a negative number. D) The standard error increases as the sample size(s) increases.

Which of the following measures is not a measure of spread? A) Variance B) Standard deviation C) Interquartile range D) Median

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between a parameter and a statistic? A) A parameter has a sampling distribution with the statistic as its mean. B) A parameter has a sampling distribution that can be used to determine what values the statistic is likely to have in repeated samples. C) A parameter is used to estimate a statistic. D) A statistic is used to estimate a parameter.

Which of the following statements is correct about a parameter and a statistic associated with repeated random samples of the same size from the same population? A) Values of a parameter will vary from sample to sample but values of a statistic will not. B) Values of both a parameter and a statistic may vary from sample to sample. C) Values of a parameter will vary according to the sampling distribution for that parameter. D) Values of a statistic will vary according to the sampling distribution for that statistic.

Which statistic is not resistant to an outlier in the data? A) Lower quartile B) Upper quartile C) Median D) Mean

A five number summary for hours studied in a week were 5, 12, 14, 18, and 20. What was the longest number of hours studied by anyone? A) 5 hours B) 12 hours C) 14 hours D) 18 hours E) 20 hours

An observational study showed that students who got less than 8 hours of sleep performed worse on exams than students who got 8 hours or more of sleep. Can we make a cause-and-effect conclusion? A) Yes. B) No.

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