States of Consciousness

an altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is mostly associated with the use of

LSD

at 3 o'clock in the morning, john has already slept for 4 hours. as long as his sleep continues, he an expect an increasing occurrence of

REM Sleep

nightmares are to... as night terrors are to...

REM sleep; stage 4 sleep

paradoxical sleep is to slow wave sleep as... sleep is to ... sleep

REM; stage 4

which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

activation synthesis theory

under hypnosis, mrs mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. the therapist is employing a technique called

age regression

sleeptalking may occur during

any stage of sleep

in one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people

behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals

the school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behaviorism

those who emphasize that the mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of

biological rhythms

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

delta waves

plato's belief that death involved the separation of the mind from the body is known as

dualism

sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

hallucinations

advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

by 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in

mental processes

when the release of ACh is blocked, the result is

muscular paralysis

a person who falls asleep in mists of a heated argument probably suffers from

narcolepsy

unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to

occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions

research indicates that memories retrieved during hyposis are

often a combination of fact and fiction

morphone and heroin are

opiates

consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

circadian rhythm refers to

pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24 hour cycle

the activation synthesis theory best helps to explain why

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

physical dependence

which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction

physical dependence

deep sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth

the personality theorist, sigmund freud, was an austrian

physician

drug tolerance refers to the

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage

after drinking 3 cans of beer, akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption hsa

reduced his self awareness

studies of marijuana's effects indicate that

regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users

drivers are slower to detect traffic signals if they are conversing on a cellphone. This best illustrates the impact of

selective attention

felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characters. This best illustrates the dangers of

selective attention

the cocktail party effect provides an example of

selective attention

alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more

self conscious

mr. dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. he wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. mrs. dayton complains that her husband snores. clearly, mr. dayton suffers from

sleep apnea

rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during stage 2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

the brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

stage 1 sleep

our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of

the circadian rhythm

the ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

the cocktail party effect

when people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

the need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

forty year old lance insist that he never dreams. research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep