States of Matter - Chapter 3 Section 1

The differences between a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid are:

1) Crystalline Solids-1) Particles are arranged in a regular repeating pattern and have a distinct melting point. 2) Amorphous Solids- Particles are not arranged in a regular pattern and don't have a distinct melting point.

Gases

1) Do not have definite shape or definite volume. 2) Unlike solids and liquids, a gas can change volume very easily. 3) The particles of a gas move at high speeds in all directions.They flow freely.

Particles in a solid -

1) Particles that make up a solid are packed very closely together. Each particle is tightly fixed in one position. 2) This fixed, closely packed arrangement of particles causes a solid to have a definite shape and volume.

Solids

1) has a definite shape and volume.

Viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flowing. Viscosity depends on the size and shape of it's particles and the attractions between the particles. (Honey) Liquids with high viscosity flow slowly. (Water) Liquids with low viscosity flow quickly.

Surface Tension

A property of liquids that is caused by the inward pull of the molecules that brings the molecules on the surface closer together because water molecules attract one another strongly. Due to surface tension water can act like a sort of skin. Explains why water forms droplets and supports the weight of certain insects on it's surface.

In amorphous solids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.

Examples: Rubber, Plastic, Glass, Butter Amorphous solids do not melt at a distinct temperature. Instead when it is heated, it may become softer and softer or changes into another substance.

Solids that are made up of crystals are called crystalline solids. In many solids, the particles form a regular repeating pattern.

Examples:Salt, Sugar, Snow When a crystalline solid is heated, it melts at a specific temperature.

Liquids

Has a definite volume but no shape of it's own. A liquid takes on the shape a container.

The particles in a liquid are packed almost as closely as in a solid.

However, the particles in a liquid move around one another freely. (Like a group of marbles in a container.) Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape. However, it does have a definite volume. A liquid can flow from place to place. For this reason, a liquid is also called a fluid, meaning "a substance that flows."

As they move, gas particles spread apart, filling all the space available. Thus, a gas has neither definite shape nor volume.

Like liquids, gases are fluids. Gases do not have definite shape nor volume because gas particles can spread apart or squeeze together. Breathing demonstrates that gases are fluids because while you are breathing, gases in the air flow freely through your body and back out again.

Are particles in a solid motionless?

The particles in a solid are not completely motionless. The particle vibrate in place.

Solids, liquids, and gases may be -

elements, compounds, or mixtures. Mixtures can be classified as a solid, liquid, or gas. These three states of matter are defined mainly by the way they hold their shape and volume.