Structure of the atom

How are electrons and protons similar? How are they different?

-Both electrons and protons are charged subatomic particles. -Protons have the opposite charge of electrons. -Electrons are much smaller than protons. -Protons are located within an atom's nucleus, whereas electrons are located outside the nucleus.

How are protons and neutrons similar? How are they different?

-Both protons and neutrons are subatomic particles. -Neutrons have no charge, unlike protons. -Protons are about the same size as neutrons. -Both protons and neutrons are located within an atom's nucleus.

If 𝛼 particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy 𝛼 particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

-Higher-energy 𝛼 particles will spend less time in the vicinity of the nucleus than lower-energy 𝛼 particles. -Their angle of deflection will be smaller than the angle of deflection for lower-energy 𝛼 particles.

Predict how the paths taken by the 𝛼 particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why?

-Other than the speed of the 𝛼 particles, the angle of deflection is a function of number of protons the total mass of all nuclear particles the total mass of subatomic particles in an atom of the element. -An element with a smaller nucleus, such as iron, will show a smaller angle of deflection, and an element with a larger nucleus, such as uranium, will show a greater angle of deflection.

In Rutherford's original experiment a gold foil was used since gold is very malleable and doesn't corrode. The same experiment can also performed with different metals. Select all of the following that would be true if the atom has a small dense nucleus. -Some alpha particles would deflect of the small dense nucleus. -The angle of deflection of alpha particles might be slightly different because different nuclei have different diameters and charges. -All of the alfa particles would fly straight through. -Performing this experiment would not have the scientific value, scientists should never go back and verify results that fit their models.

-The angle of deflection of alpha particles might be slightly different because different nuclei have different diameters and charges. -Some alpha particles would deflect of the small dense nucleus.

In the cathode ray tube that provided evidence for the existence of the electron the mass to charge ratio was measured. Select all of the following that are true. -The greater the mass of a charged particle flying through an electric or magnetic field the smaller the deflection. -The greater the charge of a charged particle flying through an electric or magnetic field the greater the deflection. -The greater the mass of a charged particle flying through an electric or magnetic field the greater the deflection. -The greater the charge of a charged particle flying through an electric or magnetic field the smaller the deflection.

-The greater the mass of a charged particle flying through an electric or magnetic field the smaller the deflection. -The greater the charge of a charged particle flying through an electric or magnetic field the greater the deflection.

Which of the following is FALSE about two neutral isotopes of the same element? -They both contain the same number of protons. -They both have the same number of neutrons. -They both have very similar chemical behavior. -They both have the same number of electrons.

-They both have the same number of neutrons.

Predict the paths taken by 𝛼 particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the 𝛼 particles to take these paths.

-𝛼 particles are small, positively charged particles. -Furthermore, the Rutherford atom model stipulates a small , positively charged uncharged negatively charged atomic nucleus. - Most 𝛼 particles will therefore pass through empty space and be undeflected. -Very few 𝛼 particles will pass near a nucleus, experience electrostatic repulsion and be deflected.

Elemental hydrogen is always found as H2 everywhere in the known universe. True or False?

False

The identity of an atom changes in a chemical reaction. True or False?

False

Which of the three stable isotopes of neon would you predict is the most common based on its reported molar mass. Ne-20 Ne-21 Ne22

Ne-20

Which of the four stable isotopes of germanium would you predict is the most abundant based on the reported molar mass. Ge-21 Ge-22 Ge-23 Ge-24 There is no way to predict, there are many possible combinations of relative abundances of each isotope that could result in the reported weighted average.

There is no way to predict, there are many possible combinations of relative abundances of each isotope that could result in the reported weighted average.