STS Chapter 1
Science and Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
The easiest way to understand this Period is to focus on the technologies driving it. Artificial intelligence (AI) describes computers that can "think" like humans — recognizing complex patterns, processing information, drawing conclusions, and making recommendations. (Period/age/time)
American Period
The government supported basic and applied research in the medical, agricultural and related sciences. (Period/ Era)
- Italy - 1467 - Hungary & Poland - 1470's - Scandinavia - 1483 - 6 (six) Million Books
The invention of printing press spread like a wind, reaching Italy by (year?), Hungary and Poland in the (year?), and Scandinavia by (year?). How many books had produced by these presses (Europe) in the 1500?
- technological - socioeconomic - cultural.
The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were:
University of Sto. Tomas
The oldest university in Asia. (Spanish Colonial Era)
Spanish Colonial Era
- Contributed the growth of science and technology in the country. - They have introduced formal education and founded scientific institution. (Period/Era)
Bureau of Science
- It served as the primary training ground for Filipino scientists and paved the way for pioneering scientific research, most especially on the study of various tropical diseases that were prevalent during those times like leprosy, tuberculosis, cholera, dengue fever, malaria and beri-beri. - Another great contribution: publication of the Philippine Journal of Science. (American Period)
Spanish Colonial Era
- Parish schools were estalished where they taught religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music. - Natives were taught a more advanced. (Period/Era)
Bureau of Science
- The government provided more support for the development of science and created the Bureau of Government Laboratories in and was later changed to: (name) - Became the primary research center of the Philippines until World War II. Lastly, on December 8, 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established. (American Period)
PreSpanish Era
-They have learned the curative values of plants and able to extract the medicine out of it. -They had an alphabet, counting methods, weights, measurement system and the calendar. (PreSpanish Era)
Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)
A recognition of the methodological importance of applying mathematics to natural phenomena and of undertaking empirical research.
General relativity
A theory of gravity. The basic idea is that instead of being an invisible force that attracts objects to one another, gravity is a curving or warping of space. The more massive an object, the more it warps the space. (20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age)
- Foundation of human knowledge and understanding - title: An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a work by John Locke concerns (concept) It first appeared in 1689 (although dated 1690) with the printed title: (title)
Papyrus
An ancient form of paper, made from the papyrus plant, a reed which grows in the marshy areas around the Nile river.
Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)
An awareness of the importance of certain scientific problems, especially those related to the problem of change and its cause. (Period/age/time)
- Compass - Gun powder - Paper making - Printing
Ancient China gave the world the Four Great Inventions that include:
Science Technology in Ancient China
Ancient Chinese scientists and engineers made significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across various scientific disciplines including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy. (Period/age/time)
American period
During the this period, science was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine, and pharmacy. (Period/Era)
Renaissance (1300 AD - 1600AD)
During this period, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, anatomy, manufacturing, and engineering.
PreSpanish Era
Early Filipinos have also engaged themselves to weaving, ship building, mining, and farming that led to them in creating the finest products of engineering which is the Banaue Rice Terraces. (Period/Era)
From ancient times to 600 bc
Egyptians took thin slices of the stem of the papyrus plant, laid them crosswise on top of each other, moistened them, and then pressed and dried them. The result was a form of paper that was reasonably easy to write on and store. (Period/age/time)
E=mc²
Einstein went on to present his findings mathematically regarding energy (E), mass (m), and speed of light (c). (formula) (20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age)
Peter Dear
He has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science: a Scientific Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries, focused on the restoration of the natural knowledge of the ancients; and a Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, when scientists shifted from recovery to innovation. (person)
Johannes Gutenberg
He invented the printing press; He is usually called its inventor but in fact many people and many steps were involved.
Karl Marx
He states that, "Gunpowder, the compass, and the printing press were the three great inventions which ushered in bourgeois society. Gunpowder blew up the knightly class, the compass discovered the world market and found the colonies, and the printing press was the instrument of Protestantism and the regeneration of science in general;; the most powerful lever for creating the intellectual prerequisites." (Person)
- From Ancient Times to 600 BC - The Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD) - Islamic Golden Age - The Renaissance (1300 AD - 1600AD) - The Enlightenment Period (1715 A.D. to 1789 A.D.) - Industrial Revolution (1760 1840) - 20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age - Science and Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Historical Antecedents in the World (Periods)
o PreSpanish Era o Spanish Colonial Era o American Period o Commonwealth Period o S&T Since Independence o S&T in the 60s to 90s o Hopes in Philippines S&T o Current Initiatives in Philippine S&T
Historical Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines.( Enumerate pre-colonial period to contemporary time.)
American Period
If the development in science and technology was very slow during the Spanish regime, the Philippines saw a rapid growth during this period and was made possible by the government's extensive public education system from elementary to tertiary schools. (Period/Era)
- universe as FIXED - moving HARMONIOUSLY - MATHEMATICAL LAWS (concept)
In Newton's great work Principia, he describes the universe as (adjective) with the Earth and other heavenly bodies moving (adverb) in accordance with (concept). This approach of systematizing and classifying was to dominate biology in the 17th and 18th century.
Islamic Golden Age
Islamic science was characterized by having practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding. Astronomy was useful in determining the Qibla, which is the direction in which to pray, botany is applied in agriculture and geography enabled scientists to make accurate maps. (Period/age/time)
Caracoa
It is a refined plan built warship that is well suited for interisland trade. (PreSpanish Era)
Science, Technology, and Society
It is an an interdisciplinary course designed to examine the ways that science and technology shape, and are shaped by, our society, politics, and culture.
Science
It is an evolving body of knowledge that is based on theoretical expositions and experimental and empirical activities that generates universal truths
Technology
It is the application of science and creation of systems, processes and objects designed to help humans in their daily activities.
Society
It is the sum total of our interactions as humans, including the interactions that we engage in to understand the nature of things and to create things.
Islamic Golden Age
Mathematics also flourished during this age with the works of AlKhwarizmi, Avicenna and Jamshid al Kashi that led to advanced in algebra, trigonometry, geometry and Arabic numerals. (Period/age/time)
From ancient times to 600 bc
Most historians agree that the heart of Egyptian medicine was trial and error. Egyptian doctors would try one remedy, and if it worked, they would continue to use it. If a remedy they tried didn't work, the patient might die, but at least the doctors learned that next time they should try a different remedy. (Period/age/time)
-Community life -Health -Communication -Work
Science and technology have had both a positive and negative impact on society, especially in the following areas:
Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)
Scientific thought in Classical Antiquity becomes tangible from the 6th century BC in preSocratic philosophy (Thales, Pythagoras). In circa 385 BC, Plato founded the Academy. With Plato's student Aristotle begins the "scientific revolution". (Period/age/time)
Marie Boas Hall
Shecoined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution, 1450- 1630?(person)
From ancient times to 600 bc
Some of the earliest records from history indicate that 3,000 years before Christ, the ancient Egyptians already had reasonably sophisticated medical practices. (Period/age/time)
Commonwealth Period
The Constitution actually acknowledged the importance of science and technology. Other government corporations and councils are created, such as the National Economic Council, National Power Corporation, National Development Company, and National Abaca and other Fibers Corporation. (Period/Era)
- Galileo Galilei - Johannes Kepler - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
The Enlightenment's important 17thcentury precursors included the key natural philosophers of the Scientific Revolution, including: (person/s)
Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)
The ancient Greeks were the early thinkers and as far as historians can tell, they were the first true scientists. They collected facts and observations and then used those observations to explain the natural world. (Period/age/time)
20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age
The scientific legacy of this period gave proof of the revolutionary changes in many areas of the sciences - in particular, physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, neurosciences and earth and environmental sciences - and how they contributed to these changes.
20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age
The start of this period was strongly marked by Einstein's formulation of the theory of relativity (1905) including the unifying concept of energy related to mass and the speed of light: E=mc². (Period/age/time)
(1) the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel (2) the use of new energy sources (ex. internal-combustion engine) (3) important developments in transportation and communication (ex. automobile, radio)
The technological changes in the Industrial Revolution includes the following: (three, sentences)
field - Biology person/s - Crick and Watson term - DNA
The year 1953 was an important landmark for (field) with the description by (person) and (person) of the structure of (term), the carrier of genetic information. (20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age)
- Three men of Mainz—Gutenberg his contemporaries: - Johann Fust - Peter Schöffer
These men/contemporaries seem to have taken the final steps, casting metal type and locking. (Person)
Block printing
This a technique in printing on wood that came to the West from China between 1250 and 1350.
Physics
This field has enabled us to understand the basic components of matter and we are well on the way to an ever more consistent and unitary understanding of the entire structure of natural reality, which we discover as being made up not only of matter and energy but also of information and forms. (20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age)
Enlightenment Period (1715 A.D. to 1789 A.D.)
This period also known as the Age of Reason, was characterized by radical reorientation in science, which emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith. (Period/age/time)
Science and Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
This period is a way of describing the blurring of boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. It's a fusion of advances in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing, genetic engineering, quantum computing, and other technologies. (Period/age/time)
Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840)
This period is closely connected to the rise of modern science. It is difficult to show any direct effect of scientific discoveries upon the rise of the textile or even the metallurgical industry in Great Britain, the home of the Industrial Revolution, but there certainly was a similarity in attitude to be found in science and nascent industry. (Period/age/time)
Islamic Golden Age
This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. (Period/age/time)
Enlightenment Period (1715 A.D. to 1789 A.D.)
This period produced numerous books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions. (Period/age/time)
Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)
This period produced substantial advances in scientific knowledge, especially in anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics and astronomy. (Period/age/time)
Renaissance (1300 AD - 1600AD)
This period started at 14th century and was the beginning of the cultural movement, which was considered by many as the Golden Age of Science.
UP Los Banos - Agriculture in 1909 UP Diliman - Arts, Engineering, and Veterinary Medicine in 1910
University of the Philippines Los Baños opened the College of (field) in (year) University of the Philippines - Diliman opened the Colleges of (field), (field), and (field) in (year) (American Period)
PreSpanish Era
We relied on archaeological findings to trace the beginning of how the Filipinos lived with the use of science and technology. (Period/Era)
(1) Effects of economic development (2)Key drivers to development (3) Products are transforming business practices across the economy, as well as lives (4) Have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing countries (5) Differentiators between countries that are able to tackle poverty effectively (6) Engine of growth (7) Interventions for cognitive enhancement, proton cancer therapy and genetic engineering
What are the roles of science and technology? (Enumerate)
- Isaac Newton published "Principia Mathematica" (1686) - John Locke published "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" (1689)
What are the two works that provided the scientific, mathematical and philosophical toolkit for the Enlightenment's major advances? Who is its publisher and when is its publishing year?
Printing (development of printing)
What is the most important technological advance of all period in the Renaissance period? *movable metal type, about the mid-15th century in Germany.
