study for ardms
Calcitonin is produced by which of the following types of cells A. Parathyroid parafollilar B. Thyroid follicular C. Thyroid parafolliclar D. Parathyroid follicles
C. Thyroid parafolliclar
Anechoic lesions associated with the epididymis are: A: epididymal cysts B: varicoceles C: hydroceles D: spermatoceles E: A and D
E. A & D
Anechoic masses that occur around a renal transplant include all of the following except: A: urinoma B: lymphocele C: hematoma D: corpus luteal cyst E: baker's cyst
E: baker's cyst
______ is a remnant of the caudal end of the fused mullerian duct usually located in the midline, posterior to the bladder, originating in the region of the verumontanum. a. mullerian duct cyst b. seminal vesicle cysts c. utricle cysts d. ejaculatory duct cysts
a. Mullerian duct cyst
1. What is the preferred position of a patient having a transplant kidney biopsy a. Supine b. Semi-erect c. Trendelenburg d. Prone with a pillow under the abdomen
a. Supine
which of the following has a clinical finding of bronzing of the skin a. addison disease b. cushing disease c. cushing syndrome d. conn syndrome
a. addison disease
which of the following correctly describes penile cancer a. associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy b. usually found on the proximal shaft in circumcised men c. most common type of penile caner is TCC d. most commonly demonstrates a complex cystic mass
a. associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy
what is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood a. hypokalemia b. hypopigmentation c. hyponatremia d. hypodisuria
c. hyponatremia
_____ carcinoma appears as a hypo echoic mass in the thyroid with possible calcifications and is normally seen with inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes a. medullary b. follicular c. anapalastic d. papillary
d. papillary
the fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as?
colloid
the neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 5 years
d. 5 years
A 45 yr old pt presents with increased serum BUN and creatinine, a recent history of oliguria and bilateral flank pain. The US exam demonstrates bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter but the bladder is nearly empty. Which of the following statements is true regarding this pt and the findings a. Acute intrinsic renal failure is present that is most likely due to acute tubular necrosis b. The pt has a neurogenic bladder and the rad should review the case immediately c. The pt will most likely return for a follow up exam in 7-10 days after anticoagulant treatment d. Acute postrenal failure is present and the rad should review the case immediately
d. Acute postrenal failure is present and the rad should review the case immediately
you have been asked to identify the seminal vesicles. what is their anatomic relation to the prostate gland. a. posterior & inferior b. anterior and inferior c. anterior and superior d. posterior and superior e. medial
d. posterior and superior
Zinner syndrom consists of unilateral renal genesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction and a. prostate cancer b. seminoma c. bulbourethral stones d. seminal vesicle cysts
d. seminal vesicle cysts
Spermatogenesis occurs with in the a. tunica albuginea b. rete testis c. mediastinum testis d. seminiferous tubules
d. seminiferous tubules
which of the following is the term for stones within the salivary ducts? a. sjogren syndrom b. torticollis c. cervical lymphadenopathy d. sialolithiasis
d. sialolithiasis
which of the following mass like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testis. a. adrenal adenoma b. adrenal rest c. pheochromocytoma d. neuroblastoma
b. adrenal rest adrenal tissue found in the testis
which of the following would be considered the most common solid renal mass a. renal hematoma b. angiomyolipoma c. oncocytoma d. hypernephroma
b. angiomyolipoma
the ____ is the portion of the prostate that is mostly composed of smooth muscle cells and makes up 1/3 of the gland a. central zone b. anterior fibromuscular region c. transitional zone d. peripheral zone
b. anterior fibromuscular region
the halo sign is defined as a sonolucent rim surrounding a thyroid mass. it is commonly seen in a. carcinomas b. thyroiditis c. adenomas d. intrathyroid parathyroids e. cysts
c. adenomas
______ arteries courses within the testicular parenchyma
centripetal
what is the most common malignancy of the penis a. cystadenocarcinoma b. adenocarcinoma c. follicular carcinoma d. squamous cell carcinoma
d. squamous cell carcinoma
Hypothyroidism the TSH will be _______ and the t4 & t3 levels will be _____
elevated/increased low/decreased
which type of glands release their hormones directly into the blood stream
endocrine
____ are lateral in location and occur due to obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts. a. mullerian duct cysts b. ejaculatory duct cysts c. seminal vesicle cysts d. utricle cysts
b. ejaculatory duct cysts
the most common cause of an acute scrotum in postpubertal males is a. testicular torsion b. epididymitis c. varicoceles d. hydroceles
b. epididymitis
if testicular torsion occurs in a neonate, it is most likely a a. bell clapper deformity b. extravaginal torsion c. intravaginal torsion d. high attachment of the tunica vaginalis
b. extravaginal torsion
the most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is a. hyper echoic mass b. heterogeneous mass with calcifications c. anechoic mass d. hypo echoic mass
b. heterogeneous mass with calcifications
a pt presents with a history of Addison disease. Which of the following hormone levels will be increased a. aldosterone b. cortisol c. adrenocorticotropic hormone d. epinephrine
c. adrenocorticotropic hormone
______ is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling amounts of sodium and water in the body a. androgens b. cortisol c. aldosterone
c. aldosterone
which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling amounts of sodium and water in the body a. epinephrine b. cortisol c. aldosterone d. ACTH
c. aldosterone
all of the following laboratory values may be elevated in renal failure except a. protein b. creatinine c. alkaline phosphase d. BUN
c. alkaline phosphase
you are performing a prostate ultrasound in a patient having an infertility work-up. which cyst may be associated with infertility a. mullein duct cysts b. prostatic ulricle cysts c. retention cysts d. ejaculatory cysts e. seminal vesicles cysts
d. ejaculatory cysts
all of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma except a. bradycardia b. uncontrollable hypertension c. excessive sweating d. tremors
a. bradycardia
an increase in which of the following hormones causes increased calcium reabsorption in the small intestines a. thyroid stimulating hormone b. calcitonin c. parathyroid stimulating hormone d. T4
c. parathyroid stimulating hormone
the adrenal gland lies within the: a. peritoneum b. anterior pararenal space c. perirenal space d. poster perarenal space e. lesser sac
c. perirenal space
which statement about the kidneys is false a. the kidneys are mobile within the retroperitoneum b. the kidneys consist of an internal medulla and external cortex c. the kidneys rest on the posts laterally and the quadrates lumborum medially d. the renal pyramids are found within the medullary region
c. the kidneys rest on the posts laterally and the quadrates lumborum medially
all of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except a. the adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b. the adrenal lands are easily identified in the fetus c. the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d. the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver
c. the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
Fibromuscular stroma of the prostate is called the ___ zone a. peripheral b. central c. transitional d. anterior
d. anterior
peripheral or eggshell-like calcifications are indicative of a. follicular carcinoma b. soiter c. malignant nodule d. benign nodule
d. benign nodule
All of the following can mimic a parathyroid adenoma except a. minor neuromuscular bundle esophagus b. intrathyroidal adenoma c. esophagus d. thyroglossal duct cyst
d. thyroglossal duct cyst
what is the most likely cause of a hip joint effusion in infants a. tendonitis b. bursitis c. developmental hip dysplasia d. transient synovitis
d. transient synovitis
a normal lymph node will not measure greater than
1cm or 10mm
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is characterized by all of the following except a. glandular enlargement b. course echotexture c. hyperechogenicity d. hypothryoidism
c. hyperechogenicity
a thyroid isthmus that measures greater than _______ is indicative of thyroid enlargement
10 mm or 1 cm
Bilateral echogenic kidneys in newborns most likely represent? A: multicystic dysplastic kidneys B: Wilm's turmor C: autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease D: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
C: autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
what is the cause of cushing disease a. anterior pituitary gland tumor b. adrenal hemorrhage c. neuorblastoma d. hyperaldosteronism
a. anterior pituitary gland tumor
which of the following is most common cause of CRF a. hypertension b. diabetes c. ARPKD d. acute tubular necrosis
b. diabetes
all of the following are sonographic findings of an abnormal lymph node except: a. rounded shape b. echogenic hilum c. calcifications d. enlargement
b. echogenic hilum
the syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is a. edwards syndrom b. cushing syndrom c. juliet syndrome d. hirshchsprung Syndrom
b. cushing syndrom
which of the following syndromes are associated with an adrenal mass a. graves disease b. cushing syndrom c. fröhlich syndrom d. zollinger-ellison syndrom
b. cushing syndrom
what scrotal artery penetrates the testicular parenchyma to supply oxygenated blood to the testis
centripetal
the intratesticular arteries that arise from the capsular artery is know as the ________
centripetal arteries
all of the following statements are true pertaining to PSA except a. PSA levels increase as prostate volume increases b. PSA levels increase with age c. prostate cancer will increase PSA levels higher than that of BPH d. BPH does not increase PSA levels
d. BPH does not increase PSA levels
1. Which of the following describes the placement for the second line for measurement of the alpha angle during an infant hip evaluation a. Aligned with iliac bone and extends through the center of the femoral head b. Extends from the bony edge of the acetabulum to the lateral aspect of the femoral head c. Extends from the iliac bone, along the labrum, and the lateral aspect of the femoral head d. Extends from the iliac bone, along the labrum, and the medial aspect of the femoral head
d. Extends from the iliac bone, along the labrum, and the medial aspect of the femoral head
the most common extratesticular neoplasm is a. lipoma b. hamartoma c. AV malformation d. adenomatoid tumor
d. adenomatoid tumor
dilated veins of a varicocele will measure
>2mm
what is the most common malignancy of the testicle?
Seminoma
which of the following describes the normal lymph node? a. a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum b. a rounded, echogenic structure with small calcifications c. a solid, hypoechoic mass that measures greater than 1cm d. a solid, echogenic mass that measures less than 1 cm
a. a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum
Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule? a. cold nodule b. hot nodule
a. cold nodule
which of the following houses the male urethra a. corpus spongiosum b. buck fascia c. bulbourethral gland d. corpus caernosum
a. corpus spongiosum
which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord? A. epididymis b. testicular artery c. cremaster muscle d. lymph nodes
a. epididymis
which of the following is associated with the congenital muscular torticollis? a. fibromatoisis colli b. brachial cleft cyst c. pleomorphic adenoma d. sialadenosis
a. fibromatoisis colli
all of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion except a. hyperemic flow within the testis b. hypoechoic testis c. reactive hydrocele d. decreased intratesticular flow
a. hyperemic flow
Grave's disease is associated with all of the following except a. hypothyroidism b. audible bruit c. diffusely enlarged thyroid d. prominent eyes (exophthalmos) e. cardiovascular symptoms
a. hypothyroidism
Secondary varicoceles are most likely associated with all of the following except a. left-sided location b. right sided location c. hepatomegaly d. renal mass
a. left sided location
all of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except a. no intratesticular flow b. small hyper echoic mass adjacent to the testis c. reactive hydrocele d. scrotal wall thickness
a. no intratesticular flow
you are performing an ultrasound exam to rule out the presence of parathyroid adenoma. Hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by enlargement of how many parathyroid glands? a. one b. two c. three d. four
a. one
which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid? a. thyroxine b. iodine c. triiodothyronien d. calcitonin
a. thyroxine
if a toxic nodular pointer is a thyroid gland that contains autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, with resulting hyperthyroidism, it is ____ a toxic MNG b. non-toxic MNG
a. toxic MNG
____ cancer of the thyroid usually spreads via the blood stream and usually mets to the lung and bones a. medullary b. follicular c. anapalastic d. papillary
b. follicular
all of the following are sonographic findings of a malignant thyroid nodule except: a. internal calcifications b. hyperechoic mass c. cervical node involvement d. solitary mass
b. hyperechoic mass
During a sonographic examination of the right testis, you visualize multiple small cysts located along the mediastinum testis. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. epididymitis b. tubular ectasia of the rete testie c. multiple spermatoceles d. epidermoid cyst
b. tubular ectasia of the rate testis
the most common location of hydrocele is
between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a
brachial cleft cyst
which of the following lab values would reflect a patient with Grave's disease a. increase TSH, Increase T3, Increase T4 b. Increase TSH, increase T3, Decrease T4 c. Decrease TSH, Decrease T3, Decrease T4 d. Decreased TSH, Increase T3 Increase T4
d. Decreased TSH, Increase T3 Increase T4
which of the following would most likely resemble a solid intratesticular mass and be associated with Cushing syndrome a. choriocarcinoma b. epidermoid cyst c. intratesticular varicocele d. adrenal rest
d. adrenal rest
you are performing a thyroid ultrasound on a patient with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. what is the sonographic appearance of this condition? a. multiple large, hypo echoic noodles throughout both lobes b. many small, echogenic nodules throughout both lobes c. small, shrunken thyroid with heterogeneous echo texture d. enlarged thyroid with homogeneous, low level echo texture
d. enlarged thyroid with homogeneous, low level echo texture
what is the term for a hyperplasia of the thyroid a. anaplastic b. graves disease c. thyroiditis d. goiter
d. goiter
you have been asked to identify a parathyroid adenoma. What is the typical sonographic appearance of this structure? a hyper echoic, round, solid nodule b. heterogenenous, oval, solid nodule c. round, solid nodule, isoechoic to the thyroid gland d. homogeneous, hypo echoic, solid oval shaped noldule e. hypo echoic nodule with highly echogenic hilum
d. homogeneous, hypo echoic, solid oval shaped noldule
what vessel is seen to course through the transverse foramina of the cervical spine? a. CCA b. superior thyroid c. inferior thyroid d. thyrocervical e. vertebral
e. vertebral
which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?
graves disease
Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding of _____
testicular torsion
the most common location of BPH is the
transitional zone
a patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis a. squamous cell carcinoma b. peyronie disease c. tinner syndrome d. testicular fracture
b. peyronie disease
1. Which of the following correctly describes papillary thyroid cancer a. Associated with enlarged cervical lymph nodes b. 5% of all thyroid cancers c. most commonly presents as a hyperecoic mass with cystic degeneration d. is rarely curable
a. Associated with enlarged cervical lymph nodes
on the left side of the neck, the CCA arises from what artery?
aortic arch
primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except a. left sided location b. retroperitoneal mass c. infertility d. palpable extratesticular mass
b. retroperitoneal mass
which of the following is an autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, and dryness of the eyes, nose, skin and mouth? a. wharton syndrome b. sjogren syndrome c. stenson syndrome d. sialadeuosis syndrome
b. sjogren syndrome
which of the following best describes a spermatocele a. the most common malignant neoplasm of the scrotum b. a benign intratesticular cyst c. a cyst found within the head of the epididymis that may contain debris d. a dilated group of veins found within the scrotum
c. a cyst found within the epididymis that may contain debris
The lack of the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as a. Klienfelter syndrom b. blue dot sign c. Bell clapper deformity d. cryptorchidism
c. bell clapper deformity
which of the following does the thyroid gland utilize to produce its hormones? a. colloid c. iodine c. iron d. calcium
c. iodine
With which of the following is elevated serum calcium associated? a. graves disease b. thyroglossal duct cyst c. parathyroid adenoma d. thyroid adenoma
c. parathyroid adenoma
a patient with hypercalcemia presents to the sonography department for a neck sonogram. what abnormality in the neck should be suspected? a. Hashimoto thyroiditis b. thyroid papillary carcinoma c. parathyroid adenoma parotid gland enlargement
c. parathyroid adenoma
which of the following correctly describes how to aid in differentiation of a thyroid adenoma in the lower pole from a parathyroid adenoma a. thyroid adenomas are hyperechoic and parathyroid adenomas are hypoechoic b. thyroid adenomas are hypoechoic and parathyroid adenomas are hyperechoic c. thyroid adenomas are hypovascular and parathyroid adenomas are hypervascular
c. thyroid adenomas are hypovascular and parathyroid adenomas are hypervascular
In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces: a. too many thyroid hormones b. too much calcium c. too few thyroid hormones d. too much iodine
c. too few thyroid hormones
a 23 year old man presents to the US dept with a history of infertility. which of the following is associated with male infertility a. spermatocele d. choriocarcinoma c. varicocele d. hydrocele
c. varicocele
____ are congenital lymphatic malformations usually seen at birth on the back of a newborns neck
cystic hygroma
you have identified the thyrocervical turn in a patient with a hyper vascular thyroid nodule. The thyrocervical trunk arises from what artery? a. CCA b. ICA c. ECA d. Subclavian artery e. Vertebral artery
d. subclavian artery.
a 30 year old patient presents to the sonography dept for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. you note the patient has bulging eyes. what is the most likely diagnosis?
graves disease
they thyroid arterial supply comes from the _____ & ____
superior and inferior thyroid arteries the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk which comes off of the subclavian
the blue dot sign is indicitive of ______
torsion of the appendage testis
If retroperitoneal fibrosis is suspected, what is the most common secondary finding? A: hydronephrosis B: metastic liver disease C: splenomegaly D: urinomas
A: hydronephrosis
Ectopic ureterocele is associated with which complication? A: upper pole hydronephrosis B: stone formation C: renal cell carcinoma D: lower pole hydronephrosis E: transitional cell carcinoma
A: upper pole hydronephrosis
the most common cause of fungal urinary trance infections is a. candida albicans b. RCC c. renal tract obstruction d. urolitiasis
a. candida albicans
which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis a. ureterocle b. urethritis c. urolithiasis d. ureteropelvic junction obstruction
c. urolithiasis
which of the following is caused by a pituitary tumor? a. Cushings syndrome b. Conn Syndrome c. Addison's Disease d. Cushings disease
d. Cushings disease
All of the following are diagnostic findings of a likely benign thyroid nodule except: a. anechoic nodule b. eggshell calcifications c. hyper echoic nodule d. cold nodule
d. cold nodule
the adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except a. suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries b. suprarenal branches of the aorta c. suprarenal branches of the renal arteries d. suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
d. suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
which of the following statements pertaining to the prostate is false a. the prostatic apex is the caudal portion of the gland b. the ejaculatory ducts pass through the central zone of the prostate c. the surgical capsule is the division between the inner gland and the peripheral zone d. the prostate is positioned inferior to the bladder in the peritoneum e. the fibromuscular stroma is a nongladular anterior portion no the prostate
d. the prostate is positioned inferior to the bladder in the peritoneum
all of the following are associated with Conn syndrome except: a. adrenal adenoma b. hypertension c. excessive thirst d. thinning of arms and legs
d. thinning of arms and legs Conn is because of salt retention...salt retention makes you swell
would increasing or decreasing the PRF better optimize the slow flow of blood in the testicles to rule out torsion
decrease
Normally, how many parathyroid glands are there?
4
An adrenal mass which causes a propagation speed artifact is a/an: A: pheochromocytoma B: myelolipoma C: neuroblastoma D: adrenal hemorrhage E: adenoma
B: myelolipoma
Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by
BPH
the most common extra-testicular neoplasm is a. adenomatoid tumor b. AV malformation c. lipoma d. harmatoma
a. adenomatoid tumor
an abdominal sonogram is requested for a newborn in the intensive care unit. the new born is suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney, you visualize a triangular shed, heterogeneous mass. what is the most likely diagnosis? a. adrenal hemorrhage b. adrenal adenoma c. pheochromocytoma d. cushing syndrome
a. adrenal hemorrhage
which plays a part in the development of male characteristics a. androgens b. cortisol c. aldosterone d. hematocrit
a. androgens
the most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a a. hyper echoic mass b. hypo echoic mass c. anechoic mass d. complex mass
a. hyper echoic mass
parathyroid adenomas maybe be associated with a. hypercalcemia b. thypertension c. hypocalcemia d. hyptotension
a. hypercalcemia
1. which of the following are common symptoms of Cushing syndrome a. hyperglycemia and hirsutism b. cholecystitis and ascities c. anorexia and vomiting d. hypotension and fever
a. hyperglycemia and hirsutism
which is one of the most common findings during a transrectal ultrasound of prosatitis a. hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area b. homogeneous gland with hypovascularity c. multiple microcalcifications d. heterogeneous gland with hypovascularity
a. hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area
BPH originates from the a. transitional zone b. peripheral zone c. central zone d. outer gland e. fibromuscular stroma
a. transitional zone
the systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs, including angiomyolipomas of the kidney is a. tuberous sclerosis b. tuberculosis c. von hippel-lindau syndrome d. MCDK
a. tuberous sclerosis
which of the following is not considered extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis a. ureteral stricture b. pregnancy c. neurogenic bladder d. uterine leiomyoma
a. ureteral stricture
the testicular artery is a branch of what artery
aorta
the crus of the diaphragm is located anterior to the ________, superior to the ________ and posterior to the ______
aorta celiac axis ivc
the average normal size of a parathyroid gland is ___ a. 3x5x8 mm b. 5x3x1 mm c. <2 in all dimensions 3x2x1 cm
b. 5x3x1 mm
which of the following describes the most common patient postitioning for performance of a transrectal prostate ultrasound a. supine b. LLD c. right oblique d. supone in a reversed transdlenburg postion e. standing
b. LLD
which of the following would be a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis a. hemorrhage b. ascites c. renal artery stenosis d. renal vein thrombosis
b. ascites
a right adrenal mass will displace the superior pole of the kidney a. anteriorly b. laterally c. medially d. posteriorly e. superiorly
b. laterally
the kidneys are ______ organs a. intraperitoneal b. retroperitoneal c. both. d. neither
b. retroperitoneal
which of the following are commonly associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis a. pedal edema and portal hypertension b. scrotal swelling and pedal adema c. hydronephrosis and ureterocelce formation d. scortal calcs and cryptorchidism
b. scrotal swelling and pedal adem
all of the following are characteristics of a complex cyst except a. internal echos b. smooth walls c. mural nodes d. septations
b. smooth walls
the seminal vesicles are located on which surface of the prostate a. the anterior/inferior b. the posterior/superior c. the posterior/inferior d. the anterior/superior
b. the posterior/superior surfaceq
a 3 year old boy presents with hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. Sonography depict a solid renal mass. This finding would most likely represent a. hypernephroma b. wilms tumor c. neuroblastoma d. infantile polycystic kidney disease
b. wilms tumor
you have identified a hydrocele during a scrotal US. Hydroceles for in what potential space
between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
1. on ultrasound the normal adrenal cortex appears a. as an anechoic ring around an echogenic medulla b. isoechoic to the medulla c. as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla d. a hyperechoic ring around the hypoechoic medulla
c. as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla
Calcifications of the prostate are termed a. prostatic liths b. verumontanum c. corpora amylacea d. corpus lithocea
c. corpora amylacea
a female pt presents with a history of leukocytosis, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and hematuria. Monographically, the kidneys appear normal, although the bladder wall measures 6mm in the distended state. what is the most likely diagnosis a. glomerulonephritis b. xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis c. cystitis d. TCC of the bladder
c. cystitis
all of the following would be associated with an adrenal mass except a. pheocromocytoma b. conn disease c. nephroblastoma d. cushing syndrome
c. nephroblastoma this is associated with the kidney
what is the most common childhood adrenal mass a. pheochromocytoma b. wilms tumor c. neuroblastoma d. adrenal hemorrhage e. myelolipoma
c. neuroblastoma
which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla a. cortisol b. aldosterone c. norepinephrine d. androgens
c. norepinephrine
which of the following is not a sonographic characteristic of prostatitis a. increase vascularity seen with doppler b. heterogeneous gland c. solid hypoechoic mass d. increase gland size
c. solid hypoechoic mass
which muscle does fibromatoisis colli mostly affect? a. omohyoid b. longus colli c. sternocleidomastoid d. infrahyoid
c. sternocleidomastoid
which of the following lymph node chains should be evaluated for related mets when thyroid cancer is suspected a. internal mammary b. axilla c. supraclavicular d. pectoral
c. supraclavicular
parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?
calcium
in performing coral sonography, you should tailor your exam to include color doppler analysis in which of the following conditions a. epididymitis b. torsion c. testicular microlithiasis d. A and B only e. all of the above
d. A and B only
the adrenal cortex produces all of the following except a. cortisol b. androgens c. aldosterone d. adrenaline
d. adrenaline the medulla does this
which of the following vessels does not drain directly into the IVC a. right renal vein b. left renal vein c. right gonadal vein d. left gonadal vein e. middle hepatic vein
d. left gonadal vein
you are performing a doppler evaluation of the testis. which of the following describes the waveform you will see within an artery of the testicular parenchyma if the testis is normal a. high resistance b. bidirectional c. phasic d. low resistance e. continuous
d. low resistance
the most common extra cranial, malignant, mass in children is a. hepatoblastoma b. hypernephroma c. pheochromocytoma d. neuroblastoma
d. neuroblastoma
what is the most common cancer found in men a. testicular cancer b. lung cancer c. liver cancer d. prostate cancer
d. prostate cancer
you have been asked to perform a transrectal US of the prostate in a patient with metastasis of unknown organ. what are you looking for a. benign prostatic hypertrophy b. ejaculatory duct cyst c. prostatic abscess d. prostate cancer e. prostatitis
d. prostate cancer
which structure would you image posterior to the prostate gland a. urinary bladder b. pubic bones c. levator ani muscles d. rectum e. urethra
d. rectum
what is the most likely location of TCC in the kidney a. cortex b. medulla c. minor calyx d. renal pelvis
d. renal pelvis
clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except a. urinary tract infections b. urinary calculi c. hyperparathyroidism d. weight loss
d. weight loss
Hyperthyroidism the TSH levels will be ____ and the t4 & t3 levels will be _____
decreased/low increased/elevated
what scrotal artery supplies the epididymis
deferential
a bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is referred to as
dromedary hump
the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is:
duplicated collected system
you have been asked to perform a transrectual US of the prostate. what frequency transducer is best suited for this exam a. 2-3 Mhz b. 3-4 Mhz c. 4-5 Mhz d. 5-6 Mhz e. 7-8 Mhz
e. 7-8 Mhz
what is the most common neonatal adrenal mass a. adenoma b. neuroblastoma c. pheochromocytoma d. myelolipoma e. adrenal hemorrhage
e. adrenal hemorrhage
You are aiding a physician in a transrectal biopsy of the prostate. What patient preparation is required? a. no pt prep required b. a cleansing enema is performed immediately prior to the procedure c. antibiotics are administered prior to and following the examination d. the pt is requested to have nothing to eat or drink 12 hours prior to procedure e. b & c only
e. b & c only
the capsular artery of the testis is a branch of what artery a. deferential b. abdominal c. external iliac d. testicular e. internal iliac
e. internal iliac
____ is a benign intratesticular mass that typically has a whorled or onion skin sonographic appearance
epidermoid cyst
renal cysts that project out any from the kidney are termed
exophytic
_______ occurs outside the tunica vaginalis, when the testis and gubernaculum can rotate freely. Occurs exclusively in newborns
extravaginal testicular torsion
what lab values is found in conjunction with malignant intratesticular malignancy
hCG and alfa-fetoprotein
when internal bleeding is suspected, what lab value is most useful for a monographer to evaluate
hematocrit
a localized collection of blood describes
hematoma
a simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a
hydrocele
The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the:
left renal vein
the left testicular vein drains into the _______
left renal vein
which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?
longus colli muscles
the rete testis is located in the _______
mediastinum
___ cancer of the thyroid secrets calcitonin, which is a useful tumor marker a. medullary b. follicular c. anapalastic d. papillary
medullary
what is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
the Eiffel Tower sign is US references
normal prostate
which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear?
parotid
the most common location of prostatic malignancy is the _____ zone
peripheral
what zone of the prostate is the largest zone?
peripheral zone
you are performing a prostate sonogram to evaluate a patient with known prostate cancer. which anatomic zone is most likely involved with the cancer?
peripheral zone
____ is the build up of fibrous place (scar tissue) and calcifications within the penis that results in a painful curvature of the penis
peyronie disease
The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia and tremors is the
pheochromocytoma
a patient presents with hypertension, urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine and an adrenal mass. name the adrenal mass
pheochromocytoma
a ______ is an erection that lasts for more than 4 hours and is usually painful
priaprism
seminal vesicle genesis is associated with ipsilateral _________
renal agenesis
what neck pathology is associated with chronic renal failure?
secondary hyperparathyroidism
is the seminoma or the nonseminomas radiosensitive and chemosensitive
seminoma
the most common germ cell tumor of the testis is
seminoma
monographically, compared to normal kidneys, those affected by CRF will appear ____ in size and ____ (what type of echogenicity)
smaller in size and more echogenic
the exocrine function of the testicles is to produce _____
sperm
a common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the _______
spermatocele
which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?
sternocleidomastoid
which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?
strap mucles
the endocrine function of the testicles is to produce ____
testosterone
the most common location of a varicocele is_____
the left side of the scrotum
what is the most common location of an ectopic kidney
the pelvis
Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as
thyroglossal duct cyst
a 7 year old boy presents to the emergency department with acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. what is the most likely diagnosis
torsion of the appendage testis
you are imaging a patient with suspected BPH. which zone is most commonly involved
transitional zone
Which technique is useful for providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele
valsalva
A dilated group of veins found with in the scrotum is called a ____
varicocele
hyper functioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except a. cushing syndrome b. conn syndrome c. hypo echoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland d. acute drop in hematocrit
d. acute drop in hematocrit
A hypernephroma is a solid renal mass. It is known as all of the following except: A: von Grawitz tumor B. renal cell carcinoma C: adenocarcinoma of the kidney D: transitional cell carcinoma
D: transitional cell carcinoma
hydroceles can be defined as serous fluid accumulated between the a. two layers of the tunica albuginea b. two layers of the tunica vaginalis c. tunica vaginitis and the tunica albuginea d. tunica albuginea and the testicles
b. two layers of the tunica vaginalis
which of the following is most common cause of ARF? a. hypertension b. diabetes c. ARPKD d. acute tubular necrosis
d. acute tubular necrosis
suspicious of cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures a. greater than 2mm b. less than 1 cm c. greater than 5 mm d. less than 3 cm
b. less than 1 cm
increased thyroid volume is associated with a. radioactive iodine treatment b. chronic hepatitis c. thyroxine treatment d. chronic renal failure
d. chronic renal failure
Which scrotal structures carries the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis
Efferent ducts
The ——- is formed at the junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory ducts
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
what is the most common form of thyroid cancer?
Papillary carcinoma
which of the following prostate abnormalities most significantly elevates the amounts of serum prostate specific antigen in lab values a. carcinoma b. BPH c. prostatitis d. abscess
a. carcinoma
when scanning the penis in the anatomic position, what structure is in the near field a. corpus spongiosum b. superficial dorsal vein c. corpus cavernosa d. dorsal artery
a. corpus spongiosum
Peyronie's disease is demonstration of calcifications along what portion of the penis a. dorsal b. ventral c. glans d. tunica albuginea
a. dorsal
a patient presents with mild scortal pain and swelling on the left side that started 2-3 days ago. the patient awoke this morning with a slight fever and increased swelling. these clinical findings are most suggestive of a. orchitis b. epididymal torsion c. adrenal rest tumor formation d. testicular infarct
a. orchitis
1. which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the right adrenal gland a. posterior to the ivc b. lateral to the right lobe of the liver c. lateral to the left lobe of the liver d. anterior to the sma and aorta
a. posterior to the ivc
where is the dartos muscular layer located a. scrotal sac b. cystic duct c. abdominal wall d. urinary bladder
a. scrotal sac
you are performing a scrotal ultrasound on a 21 year old male with acute scrotal pain. you do not detect flow with color doppler in the painful testis. this finding is consistent with which of the following a. torsion b. orchitis c. mirolithiasis d. seminoma e. none of the above
a. torsion
a top normal thyroid measurement would be a. 4mm b. 6mm c. 4cm d. 6cm
b. 6 mm
which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver a. ARPKD b. ADPKD c. MCDK d. acquired renal cystic disease
b. ADPKD
which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip a. Graf b. Ortolani c. Barlow d. Thompson
b. Ortolani
_____ has minimal impact on the development of male characteristics a. aldosterone b. androgens c. cortisol
b. androgens
The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as: a. glissons capsule b. perirenal capsule c. renal capsule d. renal cortex
c. renal capsule
a renal scar most likely appears as: a. a hypo echoic mass in the renal parenchyma b. a linear anechoic space in the renal cortex c. a hyper echoic, rounded structure within the renal pyramid that shadows d. a echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma
d. a echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma
you are performing a transrectal prostate US in a sagittal plane. the most lateral images of the gland show which tissue a. transitional zone b. central zone c. periurethral area d. peripheral zone e. fibromuscular stroma
d. peripheral zone
what is the classical appearance for prostate cancer a centrally located, hyper echoic lesion b. centrally located, hypoechoic lesions c. peripherally located, hyper echoic lesion d. peripherally located, hypoechoic lesion
d. peripherally located, hypoechoic lesion
a patient presents with hypertension, urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine and an adrenal mass. Name the adrenal mass a. adenoma b. wilm's tumor c. myelolipoma d. pheochromocytoma
d. pheochromocytoma
what scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves with in the pampiniform plexus
varicocele
what lab test is most helpful in screening patients for prostate cancer a. prostate specific antigen b. serum alpha-fetoprotein c. serum bilirubin d. prostate cancer detection factor e. prostate temperature
a. prostate specific antigen
the most common germ cell tumor of the testicle is the a. seminoma b. teratoma c. embyronal carcinoma d. choriocarcinoma e. lymphoma
a. seminoma
1. thyroid normally produces more of which of the following hormones a. t4 b. tsh c. t3 d. thyrotropin
a. t4
which of the following arteries shows a low resistance waveform a. testicular artery b. deferential artery c. cremasteric artery d. external iliac artery e. all of the above
a. testicular artery
. zenker diverticulum can be mistaken for a. thyroid mass b. a dilated bile duct c. the appendix d. a bowel obstruction
a. thyroid mass
which of the following would be most indicative of renal artery stenosis? a. decrease cortical echogenicity b. a renal to aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5 c. enlarged kidneys d. trades parvus waveform upstream to the stenosis
b. a renal to aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5
you are performing a transrectal US in a patient with acute prostatitis. an anechoic mass is seen within the prostate. this is most likely a a. prostate utricle cyst b. abscess c. hematoma d. lymphocele e. seroma
b. abscess an abscess my be seen in a pt with acute prostatitis that is resistant to treatment
which of the following is also referred to as a primary adrenocortical insufficiency a. conn syndrome b. addison disease c. cushing disease d. congenital adrenal hyperplasia
b. addison disease
which of the following is associated with hypernatremia a. cushing syndrome b. conn syndrome c. pheochromocytoma d. addison disease
b. conn syndrome
which of the following is the duct that drains the submandibular gland? a. stensen duct b. wharton duct c. seigel duct d. partridge duct
b. wharton duct
which of the following is an indication for a transrectal ultrasound a. abnormal digital rectal exam b. abnormal lab test results indicative of prostate cancer c. guidane for directed sonography biopsy d. monitor respond to treatment of prostate cancer e. all of the above
e. all of the above
you are performing a doppler analysis of the spermatic cord. which of the following arteries or structures is found within the spermatic cord. a. vas deferens b. testicular artery c. cremasteric artery d. deferential artery e. all of the above
e. all of the above
A pt presents for an abdominal US due to suspected displacement of the greenfield filter. Where should you look to find the filter in the normal position a. The renal artery at the renal hilum b. In the renal vein at the renal hilum c. In the IVC just below the level of the renal veins d. In the IVC just below the level of the hepatic veins
c. In the IVC just below the level of the renal veins
Psammoma bodies are: a. hypo echoic structures b. comet tail artifacts emanating from inside a colloid mass c. punctate calcification deposits d. mural or wall nodules within a solid mass
c. punctate calcification deposits
which organ is most likely to be affected in adult polycystic kidney disease a. ovary b. pancreas c. spleen d. adrenal gland e. liver
e. liver
which of the following is most consistent with the sonographic features of testicular abscess a. hyperemic flow around the abscess but not with in it b. onion skin sonographic appearance and hyperemic epididymis c. hyperemic flow within the anechoic mass d. hyperemic flow within the abscess but not around it
a. hyperemic flow around the abscess but not with in it
which of the following is the least likely sonographic characteristic of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid a. multiple cystic areas within the mass b. cervical lymphadenopathy c. microcalcs d. hypervascularity
a. multiple cystic areas within the mass
_____ is a glucose metabolism, blood pressure regulating, immune function, inflammatory response a. androgen b. cortisol c. aldosterone
b. cortisol
a large complex hydrocele is most commonly associated with which of the following a. seminoma b. epididymal cyst c. varicocele d. orchitis e. infarction
d. orchitis
You detect a mass within the left testis on a 43-year-old male. What is a sign indicative of malignancy? a. irregular shape of testis b. intratesticular location of mass c. presence of large hydrocele d. all of the above e. A & B only
e. A & B only
what is the sonographic appearance of prostate cancer a. hypoechoic lesion b. isoechoic lesion c. hyper echoic lesions d. A and B only e. all of the above
e. all of the above
you have detected a transtesticular artery during scrotal sonography. which of the following is true regarding this finding a. it is a common anatomic variant b. it courses in the opposite direction of the centripetal artery c. it enters the testicular parenchyma at the mediastinum testis d. large vein recently accompanies it e. all of the above
e. all of the above
what is the most common primary carcinoma associated with adrenal metastases a. colon b. bone c. ovarian d. melanoma e. lung
e. lung think - its next to the lung
you are performing a scrotal US on a 38 year old male with acute scrotal pain to rule out orchitis. Which fining below would NOT be associated with orchitis a. hypoechoic testis b. hyperemic testicular flow c. enlargement of the testis d. thickening of the scrotal wall e. microlithiasis
e. microlithiasis
what is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?
varicocele
the inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is ______
vonHippel-Lindau syndrome
what scrotal artery encircles the testicular periphery
capsular
what anatomic classification is most commonly used to describe the prostate during sonographic evaluation a. lobar anatomy b. microscopic anatomy c. zonal anantomy d. topographic anatomy e. all of the above are used routinely in US
c. zonal anantomy
a 55 year old male pt presents with a script that states "pelvic US; post biopsy, Gleason score of 8:. What should you expect to find on the exam a. inguinal hernia caused by recent bladder wall biopsy b. bladder puncture caused by recent biopsy of the seminal vesicles c. lyphyadenopathy and mets related to TCC d. lymphadenopathy and mets related to prostate cancer
d. lymphadenopathy and mets related to prostate cancer
what is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged? a. ureteropelvic junction b. midureter c. urethra d. ureterovesicular junction
d. ureterovesicular junction
Which of the following describes the placement for the first line for measurement of the alpha angle during an infant hip evaluation a. Extends from the bony edge of the acetabulum to the lateral aspect of the femoral head b. Aligned with iliac bone and extends through femoral head c. Extends from the iliac bone along the labrum d. Extends from the bony edge of the acetabulum to the medial aspect of the femoral head
a. Extends from the bony edge of the acetabulum to the lateral aspect of the femoral head
which of the following techniques is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles a. Graf b. Ortolani c. Barlow d. Thompson
a. Graf
Addison's disease is a syndrome that results from: a. chronic adrenal hyperfunction b. chronic adrenal hypofunction c. thyroid hypofunction d. parathyroid hypofunction
b. chronic adrenal hypofunction
a referring physician has asked if your dept uses color doppler during transrectal prostate sonography. what is the role of color doppler in this procedure a. color doppler has not been shown to be helpful b. color doppler allows improved perception of pathologic vessels associated with cancer c. increased doppler signals are diagnostic of chronic prostatitis d. absence of flow is indicative of BPH e. increase doppler signals in the seminal vesicles indicates the presence of seminal vesicle cysts
b. color doppler allows improved perception of pathologic vessels associated with cancer
1. which of the following is true regarding the anatomical position of the left adrenal gland a. anterior to the pancreas tail b. lateral to the left diaphragm crua c. anterior to the ivc d. superlateral to the left kidney
b. lateral to the left diaphragm crua
Testicular tumor that produces testosterone resulting in precocious puberty a. seminoma germ cell tumor b. leydig cell sex cord tumor c. embryonal carcinoma d. yolk sac tumor
b. leydig cell tumor
all of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except a. adrenal adenoma b. neuroblastoma c. pheochromocytoma d. adrenal hematoma
b. neuroblastoma
If a multi nodular goiter makes normal amounts of thyroid hormone, it is know as _____ a. toxic MNG b. non-toxic MNG
b. non-toxic
sublimation denotes a. synovial joint obstruction b. partial hip dislocation c. rupture of the bursa d. inflammation of the acetabulum
b. partial hip dislocation
which of the following describes the most widely used conventional display of the prostate using transrectal sonography a. the anterior abdominal wall is shown in the bottom of the screen b. the rectum is show at the bottom of the screen c. the rectum is shown to the right of the screen in a sagittal view d. the left side of the patient is shown on the left side of the image in a transverse plane e. the head of the patient is on the right side of the image in a sagittal plane
b. the rectum is show at the bottom of the screen
calcitionin is produced by which of the following types of cells a. parathyroid parafollicular b. thyroid parafollicular c. parathyroid follicular d. thyroid follicular
b. thyroid parafollicular
you are performing an US of a patient with a known bell clapper deformity. this deformity is associated with which condition a. seminoma b. torsion c. varicocele d. epididymitis e. infarction
b. torsion
which lab value is associated with prostate carcinoma a. alkaline phosphate b. PCK c. acid phosphate d. BUN
c. acid phosphate
a 45 year old obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram. based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of a. addison cyst b. adrenal hemorrhage c. adrenal adenoma d. neuorblastoma
c. adrenal adenoma
which of the following correctly describes myelolipoma a. may see varied levels of attenuation lateral to the mass b. hypoechoic mass with extensive posterior enhancement c. adrenal tumor that is composed of fat and bony elements d. originates in the adrenal medulla
c. adrenal tumor that is composed of fat and bony elements
what lab value can be assessed as a tumor marker to evaluate a patient for testicular malignancy a. serum bilirubin b. amylase c. alpha-fetoprotein d. adrenocorticotripic hormone
c. alpha-fetoprotein
to better image flow in a testicle for evaluating a torsion, you should a. decrease color gain b. increase wall filter c. decrease PRF d. decrease TGC E. increase PRF
c. decrease PRF
which of the following would not be a typical clinical feature of renal transplant failure a. oliguria b. proteinuria c. hypotension d. elevated creatinine
c. hypotension
which of the following statements are false a. varicoceles are more commonly found in the left scrotum than the right b. most extratesticular masses are benign c. the tunica vaginalis is an extension of the retroperitoneum d. most intratesticular masses are malignant
c. the tunica vaginalis is an extension of the retroperitoneum
which of the following is true regarding a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication a. the upper pole of the kidney suffers from reflux b. the lower pole suffers from obstruction because of a varicocele c. the upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele d. the lower pole suffers from deflux and hypertrophy
c. the upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele
while performing an ultrasound examination, the monographer finds that both kidneys measure 5 cm in length. They are very echogenic. all of the following are possible except a. chronic glomerulonephritis b. chronic pyelonephritis c. bilateral renal artery stenosis disease d. renal vein thrombosis
d. renal vein thrombosis
which of the following is not a correct anatomic landmark in relation to the thyroid? a. sternocleidomastoid - anteriolateral b. longus colli muscle - posterior c. internal jugular vein - lateral d. trachea - medial e. minor neuromuscular bundle - lateral
e. minor neuromuscular bundle - lateral
what structure marks the mid point of the prostatic urethra by a small elevation of the urethra crest a. corpora amylacea b. surgical capsule c. vas deferens d. epithelial promenince e. verumontanum
e. verumontanum
what would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma a. hyperechoic b. anechoic c. heterogeneous with calcs d. hypoechoic
d. hypoechoic
what structure lies directly medial to both the adrenal glands a. kidney b. crus of the diaphram c. aorta d. ivc
b. crus of the diaphram
the prostaticovesical arteries that supply the prostate are branches from which artery a. aorta b. internal iliac c. external iliac d. inferior mesenteric e. superior mesenteric
b. internal iliac
which of the following conditions would show hyperemic flow on color doppler a. testicular torsion b. spermatocele c. orchitis d. hydrocele e. infarction
c. orchitis
which of the following is associated with hyponatremia a. cushing syndrom b. conn syndrom c. pheochromocytoma d. addison disease
d. addison disease
you are performing an US exam on an adolescent male to rule out testicular torsion. How should you adjust the system color doppler parameters to achieve the greatest sensitivity to slow flow? a. high PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size b. Low PRF, low filter, high gain, low packet size c. high PRF, high filter, high gain, high packet size d. low PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size e. low PRF, low filter, low gain, low packet size
d. low PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size high packet size is the key low PRF improves sensitivity
which of the following are associated with an increased risk of thyroid malignancy a. a wider than tall mass orientation and intradodular cystic changes b. prominent halo around the mass and intranodular flow patterns c. prominent halo around the mass and intranodular cystic changes d. psammoma bodies and intranodular flow patterns
d. psammoma bodies and intranodular flow patterns
which of the following would best describe the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by ARPKD a. bilateral enlargement, echogenic kidneys b. unilateral smooth walled, noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located with in the renal fossa c. small, echogenic kidneys d. numerous, large, complex renal cysts
a. bilateral enlargement, echogenic kidneys
which of the following hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response a. epinephrine and norepinephrine b. cortisol and androgens c. cortisol and aldosterone d. ACTH and aldosterone
a. epinephrine and norepinephrine
which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria a. hemorrhagic renal cyst b. milk of calcium renal cyst c. simple renal cyst d. angiomyolipoma
a. hemorrhagic renal cyst
the right suprarenal vein drains directly into the a. ivc b. aorta c. celiac trunk d. left renal vein
a. ivc
a 65 year old presents with bilateral pain and scrotal swelling. the US exam shows bilateral hypoechoic solid masses with in the testicular parenchyma. with of the following is the most likely diagnosis a. lymphoma b. bilateral seminoma c. choriocarcinoma d. bilateral orchitis
a. lymphoma
which of the following describes the most common appearance of the seminal vesicles by transrectral prostate sonography a. hyper echoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures b. hypoechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures c. hyperechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures d. hyper echoic, asymmetrical, irregularly shaped structures e. hypoechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures
b. hypoechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures
adrenal gland hemorrhage a. is most commonly seen in pts over 70 yrs of age b. in adults is usually related to trauma or hematologic disorders, such as thrombocytopenia c. is very rare because the adrenal glands are hypovascular fatty organs d. is associated with very high hematocrit levels
b. in adults is usually related to trauma or hematologic disorders, such as thrombocytopenia
you are performing a study on a 27 year old male with scrotal pain to rule out epididymo-orchitis versus torsion. which finding below is most consistent with epididymitis a. absence of flow by color doppler b. increased flow by color doppler c. small cyst in the epididymal head d. small calcification in the epididymal head e. multiple tiny calcifications throughout the testis
b. increased flow by color doppler
priapism is an abnormality of the a. prostate b. penis c. testicles d. urinary bladder
b. penis
a 70 near old male presents for a transrectal US due to PSA elevated PSA levels, urinary frequency and hematuria. The US exam demonstrates a 40 cc prostate volume with herterogeneicity and calcifications centrally. the peripheral zone appears normal. These findings are most consistent with a. normal prostate b. carcinoma of the prostate c. BPH d. prostatitis
c. BPH
Which of the following is a contraindication for a renal biopsy? a. Polycystic kidney disease b. AIDS c. Current warfarin use d. Current antibiotic treatment
c. Current warfarin use
what renal cystic disease would be most likely caused by, and thus associated with hemodialysis a. MCKD d. ADPKD c. acquired renal cystic disease d. ARPKD
c. acquired renal cystic disease
the most common cause of acute renal failure is a. renal vein thrombosis b. renal artery thrombosis c. acute tubular necrosis d. acute glomerulonephritis
c. acute tubular necrosis
_____ is the most common malignant neoplasm found in the prostate a. central zone sarcoma b. metastasis c. adenocarcinoma d. transitional zone sarcoma
c. adenocarcinoma
a patient has been referred for a transrectal US due to symptoms of prostatitis. what are the most common patient symptoms or prostatism a. nausea, painful urination, pressure sensation on urinary bladder b. weight loss, nocturne, hematuria, and small stream c. difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia and small stream d. hematuria, dysuria and nocturia swelling, lethargy, dysuria, and nocturia
c. difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia and small stream
you have been requested to performa a transrectal US of the prostate in a patient with suspected BPH. what is the ultrasound appearance of this condition a. small, shrunken prostate gland with numerous calcs b. small prostate gland with increased vascularity and hypoechoic nodules c. enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal d. enlargement of the peripheral zone with sparing of the inner gland e. all of the above appearance are commonly encountered with BPH
c. enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal
a complication of cryptorchidism/orchioplexy is a. increased hydrocele formation b. increased varicocele formation c. increased risk of malignancy d. increased episodes of epididymitis
c. increased risk of malignancy
a 6 year old female patient presents to the US department for a hip sonogram with irritability, unwillingness to walk and low grade fever. Monographically, you visualize a hypo echoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule. what is the most likely diagnosis a. developmental hip dysplasia b. sublaxation c. joint effusion d. hip dislocation
c. joint effusion
which of the following represents the most commonly reported cause of a palpable abdominal mass in a newborn a. neuroblastoma b. hydronephrosis c. multi cystic dysplastic kidney disease d. Wilm's tumor e. hpatoblastoma
c. multi cystic dysplastic kidney disease
you have been asked to perform a study to rule out cryptorchidism. the term cryptorchidism means a. one or both testicles have a malignancy b. that the testicles are torsed c. one or both testicles have not defended into the scrotal sac d. the patient has been kicked in the scrotum
c. one or both have not decended
which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland a. posterior and lateral to the pancreas b. medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c. posterior and lateral to the IVC d. medial to the crus of the diaphram
c. posterior and lateral to the IVC
the mediastinum testis is identified sonographically as a. hypoechoic structure coursing through the midline testis b. pyramid shaped structure adjacent to the upper pole of the testis c. prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis d. homogeneous ovoid structure adjacent to the lower pole of the testis e. cystic, spherical structure of variable location
c. prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis
the presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed a. pylotosis b. pyelonephritis c. pyonephrosis d. emphysematous pyelonephritis
c. pyonephrosis
the most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the a. yolk sac tumor b. embryonal cell carcinoma c. seminoma d. teratoma
c. seminoma
the arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the a. celiac trunk b. subphrenic arteries c. suprarenal arteries d. SMA
c. suprarenal arteries
a 33 year old male has been referred for a scrotal US as part of an infertility work up. You will tailor your exam to include an evaluation for which of the following a. epididymal cyst b. torsion of the appendix testis c. varicocele d. testicular artery aneurysm e. testicular cyst
c. varicocele
massive adrenal gland enlargement, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are common findings in what autosomal recessive disorder a. marfan syndrome b. beckwith-wiedmann syndrome c. wolman disease d. Wilson disease
c. wolman disease wolman disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes excessive lipid storage in the liver, spleen and adrenal glands. most dies in the first 6 months of live
upon sonographic examination of the right upper quadrant of a 32 year old female patient you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial upper pole of the right kidney. this is most likely a representation of: a. adrenal metastatic lesion b. pheochromocytoma c. neuroblastoma d. adrenal cyst
d. adrenal cyst
Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal genesis or compromised renal function is referred to as: a. dromedary hypertrophy b. renal hypoplasia c. supernumerary kidney d. compensatory hypertrophy
d. compensatory hypertrophy
which portion of the penis contains the urethra a. posterior b. corpus cavernosa c. dorsal d. corpus spongiosum
d. corpus spongiosum
all of the following are clinical findings of ARF except a. hematuria b. hypertension c. oliguria d. decreased BUN and creatinine
d. decreased BUN and creatinine
which of the following scrotal structures carries the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis a. vas deferens b. mediastinum testis c. smeinalferous tubles d. efferent ducts
d. efferent ducts
which of the following is not a part of the spermatic cord a. creamasteric artery b. vas deferens c. pampiniform plexus d. epididymis e. deferential artery
d. epididymis
you are imaging a patient presenting with trauma, pain, and scrotal swelling. you detect a large hydrocele with prominent internal echos. tis most likely represents a. pyocele b. simple hydrocele c. varicocele d. hematocele e. hernia
d. hematocele
clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except a. proteinuria b. throat infection c. azotemia d. hypercalcemia
d. hypercalcemia
which of the following would result in buffalo hump and moon shaped face in the clinical findings a. conn syndrom b. addison disease c adrogenism d. hypercortisolism
d. hypercortisolism cushings
