Study Guide Chapters 1-9 (Organizational Behavior)
value
"An enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence" is a(n) _______.
Groupthink
A dysfunction in decision-making that occurs in homogeneous groups as a result of group pressures and group members' desire for conformity and consensus is called ____.
performance
A fundamental challenge facing managers is how to achieve _________ goals while simultaneously providing for employee welfare and satisfaction.
Performing
During which stage in group development, role differentiation emerges to take advantage of task specialization in order to facilitate goal attainment?
situational
Factors that are often unpredictable are ______ determinants.
Recency
In an annual evaluation, when a supervisor gives undue emphasis to performance during the past few weeks and ignore performance levels prior to this, which of the following error is committed?
The need for achievement is:
Learned
Programmed decision
Ordering office supply can be described as which of these?
Baby Boomers (1946-1964)
People born between 1946 and 1964 are classified as which of these?
dissonance
People experience cognitive __________ when they find themselves acting in a fashion that is inconsistent with their attitudes.
internal
People who tend to attribute their successes and failures to their own abilities and efforts have a(n) _________ locus of control.
Satisficing
Susanne is interested in saving time when she is making programmed decisions at work. Which of the following she should focus on?
ability
The knowledge, skills, and receptiveness to learning that an individual brings to a task or job refers to:
How people approach interpersonal relationships
The questions such as "Should one stress individualism or membership in a group? and What is the "pecking order" in a society - Is it based on seniority or on wealth and power?" explores which of the following dimension of culture, according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck?
Escalation of commitment
The tendency of decision makers to remain committed to poor decision, even when doing so leads to increasingly negative outcomes refers to
hell
To develop employees so they can "concentrate under difficulty" is the purpose of _____ camp.
Perceptual organization
When meaning has been attached to an object, individuals are in a position to determine an appropriate response or reaction to it. This refers to which of the following?
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Which of the following defines the process whereby a stimulus-response bond is developed between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response through the repeated linking of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus?
Locus of Control: Internal
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of mental abilities?
Gaining Competitive Advantage
Which of the following is NOT a typical use of performance appraisal in organizations?
Heuristic
Which of the following is NOT an element of emotional intelligence?
Group Composition
Which of the following is considered a design factor in determination of work group effectiveness?
expectancy
Which of the following is considered the most integrative theory of motivation?
variable ratio
Which of the following schedule of reinforcement is one in which rewards are administered only after an employee has performed the desired behavior a number of times, with the number changing from the administration of one reward to the next but averaging over time to a certain ratio of number of performances to rewards?
selective perception
Which of these best describe a process by which we systematically screen out or discredit information we don't wish to hear and focus instead on more salient information?
consensus
Which of these defines the extent to which you believe that the person being observed is behaving in a manner that is consistent with the behavior of his or her peers?
Management
Which of these defines the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities of employees in combination with other resources to accomplish organizational objectives?
Persistence on the task
Which of these is a behavioral consequence of feedback for employees?
Reciprocal interdependence
Which of these occurs when two or more groups depend on one another for inputs?
social loafing
Which of these refers to a tendency for individual group members to reduce their effort on a group task?
Cognitive Diversity
Which of these refers to differences between team members in characteristics such as expertise, experiences, and perspectives?
self-reinforcement
Which stage in Kanfer's model suggests, by evaluating the situation and taking corrective action if necessary, one would assure themselves that the disruptive influence had passed and everything was now fine?
Covert
Which term describes discrimination that manifests itself in ways that are not visible or readily identifiable, yet is serious because it can impact interpersonal interactions between employees, employees and customers, and other important workplace relationships?
Hidden diversity
Which term includes traits that are deep-level but may be concealed or revealed at the discretion of individuals who possess them?
Organizational Theory
_______ is concerned with organization-wide issues, such as organization design and the relations between an organization and its environment.
The devil's advocate
________ intentionally takes on the role of critic.
job satisfaction
________ represents a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experience.
Work serves all of these functions EXCEPT:
a source of alienation
Which of the following illustrate the influence of reward system on employee commitment to the organization?
employees develop ties with organizations when they perceive that the organization is interested in their welfare and willing to protect their interests
The first step in the learning process involves:
stimulus
