Study Quiz 1

The open spaces in water's crystal structure make it possible for ... - (a) aquatic life to exist at the North Pole. - (b) water to have a low boiling point. - (c) life to occur in hot springs. - Both (b) and (c). - (a), (b), and (c).

(a) aquatic life to exist at the North Pole.

Which statement is true of water's tensile strength? - (a) It results from hydrogen bonding. - (b) It helps to pull water through plants. - (c) It involves both cohesion and adhesion. - Both (a) and (b). - (a), (b), and (c).

(a), (b), and (c).

Why doesn't oil mix with water? - (a) Nonpolar molecules repel water molecules. - (b) Polar molecules repel nonpolar molecules. - (c) Polar molecules attract one another. - (d) Nonpolar molecules attract one another. - Both (a) and (d).

(c) Polar molecules attract one another.

Generically, a homeostatic system should consist of at least __________ components. - 0 - 2 - 1 - 3

3

Which of the following helps most to explain why water has a high specific heat? - a) A water molecule can make 4 hydrogen bonds. - (b) The water molecule has exceptionally strong covalent bonds. - (c) Water temperature is exceptionally sensitive to heat. - Both (a) and (b). - Both (b) and (c).

A water molecule can make 4 hydrogen bonds.

Water is a source of ______________ for chemical reactions in cells. - (a) hydrogen atoms - (b) oxygen atoms - (c) energy - Both (a) and (b) - (a), (b), and (c).

Both (a) and (b)

Which factor is important in making it possible to cool yourself by sweating? - (a) Molecules collide with varied angles and speeds. - (b) Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak. - (c) Water has more energy at the body surface. - Both (a) and (b). - (a), (b), and (c).

Both (a) and (b).

Which statement helps to explain why ice is less dense than liquid water? - (a) Water molecules make hydrogen bonds at definite angles. - (b) Cold molecules move less than warm molecules. - (c) Hydrogen bonds lengthen in the cold. - All of the above. - Both (a) and (b).

Both (a) and (b).

The respiratory system is considered an internal environment. - True - False

False

Which statement must be mentioned in explaining why amphipathic molecules line up at a water surface? - Polar groups attract one another. - Nonpolar groups attract one another. - Nonpolar groups repel water. - Polar groups repel water. - All of the above.

Polar groups attract one another

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment within a range necessary to maintain life. - True - False

True

The osmolarities are similar between extracellular and intracellular fluids but the concentration of specific molecules can be different. - True - False

True

Dissolving is best described as ... molecules breaking into ions. - a change from a solid to a liquid. - a separation of molecules into neutral atoms. - breaking covalent bonds. - a mingling of molecules and/or ions.

a mingling of molecules and/or ions

A normal adult, maintaining a normal body temperature, would temporarily experience a __________, if some microorganism were to enter the body and suddenly cause the body to inappropriately (non-homeostatically) reset its proper temperature set point to a higher level, like 105°. - chill - feeling of extreme pleasure - hungry feeling - hot feeling

chill

A phrase that applies to covalent bonding and not other kinds of bonds is ... - great strength. - paired electrons. - electron-sharing. - charge attraction. - All of the above.

electron-sharing

When a person gets into a hot tub (rapid increase in the temperature of the environment) the difference between 37°C and the new temperature of the body is called the: - integration center - set point - variable - sensors - error signal

error signal

Conditions within the internal environment of the human body typically remain relatively constant. What is this concept called? - equilibrium - homeostasis - negative feedback - systems integration

homeostasis

Water has surface tension because ... - hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules resist being stretched. - there is positive pressure inside the water mass.cohesion forces are - weaker at the surface. - water tends to evaporate from the surface. - molecules at the surface make more hydrogen bonds.

hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules resist being stretched.

In the case of heat stroke, one emergency treatment is to __________. - immerse the person in an ice bath - place the person in a high humidity environment - do nothing, because heat stroke cannot lead to death - attempt to medically get the thermoregulatory system working

immerse the person in an ice bath

The main difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke is that heat stroke involves a(n) __________. - improper functioning of the regulatory system controlling blood sugar, since a diabetic sometimes urinates too much - enhanced ability of the thermoreceptors - proper functioning of the thermoregulatory system - improper functioning of the thermoregulatory system, most importantly the integrating center

improper functioning of the thermoregulatory system, most importantly the integrating center

Both heat exhaustion and heat stroke involve a(n) __________ to dissipate (get rid of) enough heat from the human body. - tremendous over-ability - normal ability - slight over-ability - inability

inability

If thermoregulation is a feedback process, then the proper temperature set point is primarily controlled by the __________. It is also this location that will try to maintain the body at its set point. - same center that controls all homeostatic functions in the body - sensor - effector - integrating center

integrating center

The __________ for body temperature control is also known as the __________; its location is in the __________. - effector; thermoregulatory center; brain - sensor; thermoregulatory center; skin - effector; sensor; skin - integrating center; thermoregulatory center; brain

integrating center; thermoregulatory center; brain

Which of the following best accounts for the total body water (TBW) content? - all the water in the internal environment - intracellular fluid (ICF) plus extracellular fluid (ECF) - intracellular fluid (ICF) and plasma fluid - extracellular fluid (ECF) plus all water in the internal environment

intracellular fluid (ICF) plus extracellular fluid (ECF)

Though you add heat, the temperature of boiling water remains constant because ... - it takes energy to break hydrogen bonds. - water has a constant boiling temperature. - it takes energy to circulate water. - it takes energy to break covalent bonds. - None of the above. - The temperature rises during boiling.

it takes energy to break hydrogen bonds.

Thermoregulation in the body is an example of __________. - positive feedback - negative feedback - a non-feedback physiologic action - an unimportant process in the human body

negative feedback

Which of the following defines a mechanism by which a body system makes a functional adjustment in order to compensate (bring back to normal) for a change (increase or decrease) in a regulated variable? - effectors - positive feedback - negative feedback - set point

negative feedback

The human body is composed of more than 200 distinguishable kinds of cells that have been categorized into four major groups. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major groups of cells? - pyramidal cells - muscle cells - epithelial cells - nerve cells or neurons

pyramidal cells

One __________ that can distinguish heat exhaustion from heat stroke is that in heat exhaustion the person is still sweating. - misleading sign - sign - symptom - misleading symptom

sign

Which of the following is considered to be the smallest living unit? - tissues - a system - the cell - an organ

the cell

Select the most accurate definition of an organ. - cells that are grouped together - systems that are grouped together - glands that are grouped together - tissues that are grouped together

tissues that are grouped together

A healthy individual subjected to extreme environmental heat will get rid of heat by __________ to the skin and __________. - not changing blood vessel diameter; sweating - vasodilating (opening) blood vessels; sweating - Vasoconstricting (closing); shivering - vasoconstricting (closing); sweating

vasodilating (opening) blood vessels; sweating