Successful Aging Midterm

Cohort is best described as the __________ of a person's birth.

Year

Around the world, the fourth most common form of blindness is:

Age-related macular degeneration

The fact that changes in appearance reflect biological changes, individual identity, and social attitudes toward aging is an example of the:

Biopsychosocial model

Which sex and racial/ethnicity group has the highest rates of new cancer cases and deaths per year?

Black males

A region of the world where persons commonly reach 100 years of age in relative good physical and functional health is referred to as a/an:

Blue Zone

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis plus which other respiratory disease?

Emphysema

The Selective Optimization with Compensation model of aging proposes that older adults maximize their functioning by:

Focusing on area in which they can excel

The idea that human biology is linked to the sequential timing of survival and death of individuals resulting in an exponential component of mortality risk within populations best reflects which biological concept of aging and human development:

Gompertz equation

Relative to individuality, developmental differences observed between groups of people best reflects:

Interindividual differences

The average number of years one can expect to live based on cohort or year of birth is referred to as:

Life-expectancy

Researchers believe the FOXO gene may play a role in which heritable trait?

Longevity

A term in gerontology used to refer to people who are in the age group of 85 and older is:

Oldest old

The effect of ultraviolet rays on the skin, accelerating the process of wrinkling, is known as:

Photoaging

The disorder known as tinnitus involves which symptom that can affect older adults?

Ringing in the ears

Mary is a 69 year old former air traffic controller. Upon a recent visit to her physician, Mary's blood pressure was recorded at 128/77. Which of the following is the best way to describe Mary's blood pressure?

elevated

Tertiary aging is the process that occurs at what point in life?

Decline before Death

The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to:

Destruction of the ends of chromosomes

Research shows that older adults most likely to use wearable technology in their daily lives tend to have:

higher internal motivation

Changes with age in the tissue of the wall of the cochlea is associated with which form of hearing loss?

metabolic presbycusis

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the microsystem includes:

Family, friends, and others the individual knows

Changes with age in the tissue of the wall of the cochlea is associated with which form of hearing loss?

sessory presbycusis

When it comes to concerns in using technology, which of the following seems to be of utmost importance for older adults?

Privacy

The Gompertz function is most closely associated with which theory of aging?

Programmed aging

The fact that cells are only able to undergo a fixed number of divisions before they lose the ability to reproduce is scientifically known as:

Replicative senescence

According to Erikson's theory, what is the key developmental task in late adulthood?

integrity vs. despair

A new high tech company decides to focus its work on fall prevention for older adults. They begin with the simplest, "low-tech" method recommended by gerontologists of:

providing handrails from halls and stairways in the home

A 79-year-old woman's exercise routine includes resistance training three times a week for an hour alternating with one-hour workouts on an elliptical machine. As a result, she will experience less of which particular age-related change in physical functioning?

sacropenia

A set of beliefs, attitudes, social institutions, and acts that denigrate individuals or groups of persons based on chronological age is known as:

Ageism

The loss of height that often occurs in later adulthood is due primarily to which physiological change?

Loss of bone mineral content

The idea that people realize they are getting older through a step-wise progression whereby they notice the signs and symptoms of aging best relates to:

The multiple threshold model

Unstable molecules that can form bonds with unpaired electrons and cause cellular damage are known as:

Free Radicals

You are up late one day watching an infomercial on TV when all of the sudden the host proclaims, "Buy this five blade super vegetable juicer and it will fix all your aging ailments and is bound to help you live beyond 120 years." Relative to this statement, the infomercial host would most likely maintain which worldview of longevity?

Furturist

Programmed theories of aging assumed that biological development is determined by:

Genetics

Jim is a 90 year old former high school teacher who was just diagnosed with congestive heart failure. According to Jim, this is the first time in his life that he has ever been diagnosed with anything beyond a common sniffle or cold. Which longevity concept would best describe Jim?

Jim is a delayer

The most common form of cancer around the world is cancer of the:

Lung

What is FALSE regarding the process menopause among aging women?

Menopause is delayed among women who tend to be thin or who smoke

Increases in which condition among older adults are thought to be related to greater prevalence of diabetes?

Metabolic syndrome

Which of the following best represents an ageist stereotype about aging?

Older adults are cute and kind

Which of the following chronic conditions represents the most common functional health problems among persons aged 45 and older.

Arthritis

There has been recent debate surrounding COVID-19 and whether it should be designated as the leading cause of death. However, what is TRUE regarding COVID-19 and death?

Covid accounts for 95% of all deaths among persons aged 65 and older

Research on the relationship between lifestyle factors and telomere length in healthy older adults suggests that _____________ plays a role, although small, in preserving telomeres:

Occupation

The safety of older adults in the home can be affected by smell sensitivity, with ____% of individuals 70 and older having difficulty smelling the odor of natural gas.

31

What is true relative to the compression of morbidity (e.g., disease) in human aging:

Caloric restriction and physical activity help to compress morbidity and extend disabilty free days until death

Which of the of the following represents the most common visual disorder among older adults?

Cataracts

Which type of exercise would be best to prevent damage to the joints in adulthood?

Stretching

After 20 years of marriage, Nancy finalized her divorce from her spouse. Now, she must decide whether she has enough time and financial resources to continue living in her home or to rent an apartment. This scenario best represents which following life course process?

Turning Point

Epidemiologists believe that which factor plays an important role in creating risk within the "stroke belt" in the southeastern U.S.?

Unhealthy diets

The age-related change known as presbyopia causes which change in the senses?

Decreased ability to focus on near objects

The fact that humans are more likely to discontinue technology use with increasing older age is what some experts refer to as an age-associated inequality known as a/an__________.

Digital Divide

The proposal that older adults are much more satisfied with their lives when they are able to maintain their former social roles and involvements is consistent with which role adjustment theory?

Disengagement

Idiosyncratic events that randomly occur throughout life and have an impact on development are considered:

Non-normative influences

People who encounter life events that coincide with social expectations based on their chronological age are said to experience which type of influence?

Normative Age-Graded

What is the term for the cardiovascular disease in which the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body's organs, causing buildup of fluid in the tissues?

Congestive heart failure

Steps to improve an older adult's sleep habits should include which actual behaviors?

Exercising earlier in the day

Random error theories assume that biological development and aging is due to:___________

Chance exposures within the environment

The fact that people feel they are the same and enjoy doing many of the same things they have always done over time despite the fact that they are constantly undergoing age-related changes is the basis of which principle of adult development and aging?

Continuity

Bronfenbrenner's view that there are multiple levels of organization in the environment that can affect the development of the individual is known as the _____________ perspective:

Ecological

The theory proposing that aging results from mutations in the mitochondrial DNA is referred to as:

Error catastrophe

Antioxidants are thought to be important to reversing or slowing down the aging process according to which biological theory?

Free radical

____________ involves the study of aging as it relates to human-machine learning and interaction(s), biopsychosocial health, and well-being after age 65.

Gerontechnology

The scientific and interdisciplinary study of biopsychosocial aging processes is a discipline referred to as:

Gerontology

The average number of years one can expect to live without the burden of disease or disablement is referred to as:

Healthy life-expectancy

Activity theory proposes that older adults have the highest levels of well-being when their level of social involvement is:

High

The fastest growing ethnic minority group in the U.S. of people 65 and older consists of:

Hispanics

Which of the following conditions appears to be related to incontinence in women?

History of falls

Albert is a 50-year old factory supervisor who is always complaining that his millennial co-workers are unwilling to work hard and worry nothing about anything but themselves. Albert's viewpoint best demonstrates which underlying developmental process:

Mistrust

Betty is a 80 year old widow and grandmother that enjoys using new technology. When not at home texting her grandchildren, Betty can often be found at the local senior center playing computer games. Betty is what some might refer to as a/an:_______________.

Technogenerian

Which theoretical perspective on ageism gives the greatest emphasis to human survival and fear of death as a cause?

Terror-management theory

By the age of 75, what percent of adults in the U.S. have lost all their natural teeth?

26

The concept of niche-picking is most closely associated with which model of development?

Interactionist

Which of the following is a contextual influence on development?

Social Class

Centenarians represent persons who have lived at least _____ years.

100

The maximum life-span of the human species is currently:

122 years and 164 days

In which of the following Blue Zones, do men tend to live the longest compared to anywhere else in the world?

Sardina, Italy

Baby boomers represent a collective cohort of persons born between _____________.

1946-1964

By the age of 70, the average person loses _____% aerobic capacity per decade:

20

Which of the following is characteristic across all longevity blue zones:

All the Above

Which of the following would be considered a measure of functional age?

Muscle Strength

A study of female shoppers showing that retailers gave preferential treatment to well-dressed young women supports which theory related to ageism?

Multiple Jeopardy

What is TRUE regarding persons aged 50 and older relative to computing and gaming.

All are true

Government research suggests that safe exposure to sound is around a maximum of_________ decibels over an 8 hour day.

80

Which of the following is assessed in the Activities of Daily Living measure?

Ability to dress oneself

The rates of physical inactivity for individuals 75 and older are estimated to be:

35%

Older adults, aged 65 and older, account for ______ of all hospitalizations due to the flu.

50-70%

Women over age 65 account for what approximate percent of the total over-65 population?

56%

In the period 2015 to 2017, the greatest increase in number of cold-related deaths, or hypothermia, occurred for which group of adults in the U.S.?

85 years and older in rural areas

The idea that the consequential impact of early life events on development later life is mainly determined by the proximal availability of psycho-social resources best defines which life-course theory principle:

Age-Stage

John is a 68-year old retired fireman who recently had knee replacement surgery two months before his 50th high school class reunion. John's goal is to attend this reunion with having to use a walker, cane, or other assistive device. Therefore, he recently scheduled multiple outpatient rehabilitation workout session to give himself greater opportunity to workout and practice walking. This scenario most accurately reflects what component of SOC Theory?

Optimization

Which of the following behaviors is known to be a risk factor for osteoarthritis?

Overweight

One of the most common pathways toward developing a sense of generativity in middle age is:

Parenthood

In the condition known as androgenic alopecia, middle-aged and older individuals experience:

Patterned Hair Lost

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, and:

Physical inactivity

A 66-year-old woman moves to Arizona from her hometown in Michigan. She enjoys outdoor activities and especially likes to spend time in the sun. For the last 3 years, she has battled skin cancer but her friends back home (who are less exposed to the sun) have remained cancer-free even though their skin shows signs of aging. The sun-loving woman's cancer is an example of which type of aging?

Secondary

Which theoretical model of adult development and aging proposes that people pick and choose life goals and activities in which to invest their time and energies as they get older?

Selection optimization and compensation

A student begins graduate school at the age of 42, much later than the traditional-aged graduate student. This student would be considered to have an "off-time" _________ clock. normative

Social

People who decide to retire before the typical age of 65-70 would be considered to have an older ___________ age than their friends who are still working.

Social

Which of the following terms is considered to be the age at which a person is expected to occupy a certain position in life.

Social Age

Disengagement posits that is socially expected and normative that older adults decrease or withdrawal involvement in ____________ .

Social Roles

Compared to the life span, the life course emphasizes which factors in development?

Socio-cultural norms and expectations