Super set from Saraniecki

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A concentration of x-ray machines in one building will not affect scatter radiation.

Yeast added to a new septic tank speeds up digestion by a factor of 2.7.

F (pg. 523)

One of the common types of ionizing radiation is the x-ray.

The longer the wave length, the lower the frequency and energy.

Stack samples must be collected at the same speed of flow that gases normally pass through the stack.

T (pg. 789)

The terms "washout" and "rainout" both refer to a cleansing process of pollutants in the atmosphere.

T (pg. 795)

The frequency of a sound determines its pitch.

T (pg. 826)

The field distribution piping should be surrounded with ________________ and at least 2 inches deep under the pipe. a. washed gravel, 3/4 inches to 2.5 inches b. broken limestone, 1 inches to 2 inches c. fine marble chips d. a mixture of sand and gravel

a. washed gravel, 3/4 inches to 2.5 inches (pg. 530)

Which organism is not known as an iron bacterium? a. Crenothrix b. Giardia lamblia c. Gallionella d. Leptothrix

b. Giardia lamblia

Which one of the following metals is most fatal when it becomes dissolved in acid waters? a. manganese b. lead c. aluminum d. zinc

c. aluminum

The cause of "Mad Hatters' Disease" was traced to: a. lead b. arsenic c. mercury d. cadmium

c. mercury

Lead-based paint may be used for: a. exterior house paints b. painting toys c. painting bridges d. painting special furniture

c. painting bridges

Muriatic acid is a weak solution of: a. Nitric acid b. Sulfuric acid c. Acetic acid d. Hydrochloric acid

d. Hydrochloric acid

CAT scanners are used to locate a. tumors b. blood clots c. anatomical malformations d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Volume reduction can be achieved by a. baling b. landfill equipment c. pulping d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What is the minimum period of wash time for a single-tank conveyor dishwashing machine? a. 10 seconds b. 25 seconds c. 20 seconds d. 15 seconds

d. 15 seconds (pg. 1000)

The number one item listed under emergency equipment and supplies is____________. a. food b. first aid kit c. water d. folding portable toilet

c. water

Dry cotton ear plugs are just as effective against noise control as expensive fitted ear plugs and earmuffs.

F (pg. 837)

Common deficiencies regarding therapy units may include filtration, exposure control, and calibration.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has the sole responsibility for implementing "The Noise Control Act of 1971."

F (pg. 842)

The depth of septic tanks and ratio of width to length recommended by most health departments are very similar.

T (pg. 517)

Soil containing loam will remove most of the phosphorus in sewage effluent.

T (pg. 518)

Exposure of the gonads (ovaries or testes) is necessary to cause genetic effects from ionizing radiation.

The recommended backfill over the absorption field is 12 inches.

T (pg. 530)

Transportation is the largest source of air pollution.

T (pg. 778)

Pollutants may be in the form of microorganisms.

T (pg. 782)

Hormones or growth regulators also known as systematic herbicides are toxic to the plant living cells they cover and are usually absorbed through the stem of the plant upon contact

F (pg. 1153)

Some of the main sources of pollen are trees in the summer, grasses in the spring, and weeds in the winter

F (pg. 1154)

The use of a serial distribution system is considered to have disadvantages over the use of distribution boxes.

F (pg. 523)

The recommended distance from the bottom of the trench to the ground water table or rock is 62 inches.

F (pg. 530)

Chlorofluorocarbons increase the amount of ozone in the atmosphere.

F (pg. 774)

Name the three zones of stream pollution, in order of normal chain of events.

Degradation, decomposition, recovery

A primary pollutant is one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of chemical reactions.

F (pg. 782)

Alpha particles have a negative electric charge

Minimum wash water temperature in a hospital laundry is: a. 146 to 150 F b. 160 to 167 F c. 170 to 178 F d. 185 to 196 F

b. 160 to 167 F (pg. 1237)

Approved emergency response plants at nuclear electric power plant sites must be tested at least every: a. 2 years b. Quarter c. 5 years d. 1 month

a. 2 years

In many cases, x-ray beams or fluoroscopes will extend past the fluoroscopic screen and protective lead, thereby exposing the operator to the direct beam.

It is estimated that less than 62% of water and foodborne diseases are not reported.

In accordance with Food Additive Regulations, a pesticide added intentionally or incidentally to a processed food is considered an additive

T (pg. 1104)

Encephalitis is not communicable directly from person to person, but only by the bite of infected mosquitoes

T (pg. 1114)

Blackflies are disease vectors for onchocerciasis

T (pg. 1124)

Bats serve a useful purpose by keeping down the number of insects

T (pg. 1150)

A permanent facility for collecting and storing household waste should be located away from residential areas and places of public gathering.

What compound is the principal scale former? a. Calcium carbonate b. Potassium carbonate c. Magnesium sulfate d. Sodium carbonate

a. Calcium carbonate

Examples of thermal destruction processes in addition to incineration are: a. Cement kiln b. Chemical treatment c. Separation d. None of the above

a. Cement kiln

____________ is the doing of an authorized act in an unauthorized manner. a. nonfeasance b. misfeasance c. malfeasance d. feasance

b. misfeasance

Scabies in an infectious disease of the skin caused by: a. bedbugs b. mites c. chiggers d. lice

b. mites

Which should not be added to septic tanks? a. salt or brine b. sulphuric acid c. chlorine bleach or ammonia d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Air pollution control should first be considered at the: a. source b. stack c. industrial level d. suburban level

a. source (pg. 807)

Hazardous wastes may be in a ___________ form. a. Solid b. Liquid c. Sludge d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The Primary Drinking water Standards: a. Apply to community water systems only b. Apply to community water systems and non-transient, non-community water systems c. Are health related and enforceable d. a and c e. b and c

e. b and c

A thin sheet of paper will stop a beta particle

A vaccinated dog or cat bitten by or exposed to a rabid animal should be confined for 4 months or destroyed.

Funding or the collection, storage, and disposal of household hazardous waste always comes directly from the individuals who generate the waste.

Genetic effects from radiation exposure are usually immediately evident.

Long-term effects of radiation are known.

Neutrons are charged, high-energy particles. If the radioactivity of a material is not known, the half-life cannot be determined.

Onchocerciasis is a rare illness found in some third world countries.

Everyone is subject to natural background radiation.

Food poisoning from Staphylococcus aureus can be prevented by thoroughly cooking foods that have been properly handled and then through appropriate time temperature control of the finished product.

House mice may carry the disease lymphocytic choriomeningitis.

Particle size selective inlets are used to separate particulates above and below 2 to 3 microns in size on: a. high volume samplers b. outfall vacuums c. baghouse air filters d. atmospheric respirator sieves

a. high volume samplers (pg. 785)

The four major causes of death among all age groups of Americans include all of the following except Choose one answer. a. homicide b. accidents c. malignant neoplasms d. heart disease

a. homicide

Lead poisoning is most acute for: a. infants b. school-age children c. adolescents d. young adults

a. infants

The Muerto Canyon Virus causes disease of the ___________ in humans. a. lungs b. kidneys c. intestine d. brain

a. lungs (pg. 42)

Perhaps our single most significant source of radiation exposure is: a. Radon b. Cosmic radiation c. Alpha particles d. Gamma rays

a. radon

The region of the atmosphere where virtually all life activities occur is the: a. troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. tropopause

a. troposphere

After a landfill is closed, how much soil should be placed on top of the site? a. two feet b. six inches c. four feet d. as much soil in available

a. two feet

The basic principles of disease control include all of the following except Choose one answer. a. use of antibiotics b. control of disease source c. mode of transmission d. susceptibility

a. use of antibiotics

A potential public health problem associated with reprocessing nuclear fission material is: a. volatile radioisotopes are released into the atmosphere b. reducing the concentration of U235 c. converting gas into solid pellets d. leaching of wastes into the soil

a. volatile radioisotopes are released into the atmosphere

Which amendment of the U.S. constitution protects a nonpublic area from unreasonable searches and seizures? a. III b. IV c. V d. VI

b. IV (pg. 1287)

Which of the following is not commonly used for disinfection of water? a. Chlorine b. Silver nitrate c. Chlorine-ammonia compounds d. Ozone

b. Silver nitrate

When a health violation is classified as a misdemeanor, it can be more readily resolved by: a. criminal proceedings b. civil action c. immediately closing the facility d. posting a public notice

b. civil action (pg. 1305)

The majority of sulfur dioxide originates from: a. automobile exhaust b. coal and oil burning power plants c. industrial smelters d. volcanic eruptions

b. coal and oil burning power plants

When storm water and domestic sewage enter the same sewer it is known as a: a. sanitary sewer b. combined sewer c. separate sewer d. storm sewer

b. combined sewer (pg. 480)

Mosquitoes have been known to spread: a. typhus fever b. encephalitis c. shigellosis d. salmonella

b. encephalitis

Which one of the following may be the most devastating to biodiversity? a. over hunting b. global warming c. pollution d. habitat destruction

b. global warming

Which one of the following gases was not scheduled for phase-out by 1996 as a result of the Montreal Protocol? a. chlorofluorocarbon b. halon c. methyl chloroform d. carbon tetrachloride

b. halon

Nosocomial infections are a recurring problem in: a. food establishments b. hospitals c. swimming pools d. health spas

b. hospitals (pg. 1233)

As of 1975, the diseases which caused 2/3's of the deaths in the US included all but which of the following? a. cerebrovascular disease b. influenza c. cancer d. heart disease

b. influenza

Why should sewage sludge not be used as a soil builder or fertilizer supplement for crops for forage if it has not been properly tested? a. it may make the vegetables taste bad b. it may result in higher levels of toxic metals in the vegetation and in the animals eating the vegetation c. the community may be offended at the smell d. all of the above

b. it may result in higher levels of toxic metals in the vegetation and in the animals eating the vegetation (pg. 476)

A solid waste manager is trying to reduce lead in the solid waste stream. What should be targeted in the municipal waste stream as a major contributor to the environment? a. fluorescent bulbs b. lead acid batteries c. household batteries d. rechargeable batteries

b. lead acid batteries

"MPD" is the abbreviation for a. maximum person dosimeters b. maximum permissible dose c. none of the above d. minimum permissible dose.

b. maximum permissible dose

Which one of the following has not been suggested as a reason that Americans are receiving excess exposure to x-rays? a. technician or physician error b. medicaid/medicare requirements c. malfunction of the equipment d. fear of malpractice

b. medicaid/medicare requirements

According to the Freedom of Information Act, all of the following information must be available to the public except: a. applications for federal licensing b. medical records of personnel c. decisions affecting agency policies d. records of routine inspections

b. medical records of personnel

A major event that lessened environmental exposure to lead was: a. Improvements in the internal combustion engine b. phase-out of leaded gasoline c. fining industries who did not controlled emissions d. passing the Clean Air Act

b. phase-out of leaded gasoline

The unit of measurement most commonly used to measure loudness is called: a. hertz b. phon c. decibel d. none of the above

b. phon (pg. 830)

What is the most common form of malaria? a. plasmodium ovale b. plasmodium vivax c. plasmodium malariae d. plasmodium falciparum

b. plasmodium vivax

All are anti-coagulant type rodenticides except: a. PMP b. surflan c. warfarin d. fumarin

b. surflan

The establishment number can be found on a pesticide container and it indicates: a. the inspector for EPA who approved the pesticide b. the factory that produced the pesticide c. location where the product was purchased d. none of the above

b. the factory that produced the pesticide

Which one of the following is not a requirement for complete removal and disposal of asbestos? a. the material must be kept wet during the process b. the material may be transported in an open vehicle c. the material must be labeled d. the material must be buried separate from other wastes

b. the material may be transported in an open vehicle

It is known that some pathogenic organisms will survive from less than ________ day(s) in heat to more than ___________ in freezing moist soil. a. 1 and 2 months b. 2 and 1 months c. 1 and 2 years d. 3 and 3 years

c. 1 and 2 years (pg. 473)

"Acid rain" was first identified in: a. United States b. Sweden c. England d. Germany

c. England

Swimming pool water that is brownish black in color may be due to: a. H2S b. Mg c. Mn d. Fe

c. Mn

Hazardous waste sites must be characterized ____________ general site entry to determine the hazards present at the site. a. After b. During c. Prior to d. None of the above

c. Prior to

Of the following, which are included as major regulatory requirements in the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)? a. Sampling b. Record keeping c. Public information d. a and b e. b and c

c. Public information

People at increased risk for listeriosis are: a. pregnant women b. newborns c. a and b d. none of the above

c. a and b (pg. 951)

The most accurate estimates of sewage flow are based on: a. quarterly water-meter readings b. semiannual water-meter readings c. annual water-meter readings d. fixture units

c. annual water-meter readings (pg. 507)

The primary method of eliminating house flies is: a. proper use of insecticides b. block entry with screens c. application of sanitary practices d. eradication of male flies with sterile techniques

c. application of sanitary practices

In valleys and ravines, what method of landfilling is considered the best? a. trench b. low area c. area d. wet area

c. area

The two most common methods of sanitary landfill operation are a. composting and recycling b. open dump and burning c. area method and trench method d. wet area and dry area

c. area method and trench method

The amount of dissolved oxygen required in aerobic bacterial decomposition, measured in ppm or mg/l and used in determining the strength of wastewater is: a. chemical oxygen demand b. total organic carbon c. biochemical oxygen demand d. oxygen-reduction ratio

c. biochemical oxygen demand (pg. 477)

If properly installed, one of the best floorings for kitchens, dairies, bakeries, and similar places is: a. cork b. linoleum c. ceramic tile d. concrete

c. ceramic tile (pg. 900)

A certified industry inspection is an inspection: a. conducted by a certified local governmental unit b. conducted by a certified state official c. conducted by a certified member of the industry d. conducted by a federal agency

c. conducted by a certified member of the industry (pg. 953)

The transfer station should be located ______ of the collection service area. a. on the perimeter b. at the busiest location c. in the center d. none of the above

c. in the center

Which one of the following poses virtually no health threat in terms of inorganic mercury? a. inhalation b. absorption c. ingestion d. inoculation

c. ingestion

An arthropod-borne disease is spread by: a. man b. snails c. insects d. air

c. insects

The ___________ of a sound wave is the energy transferred per unit time (sec) through a unit area normal to the direction of propagation. a. sound pressure b. frequency c. intensity d. speed

c. intensity (pg. 830)

The pollutant that would most likely cause the most damage to the nervous system would be: a. sulfur dioxide b. nitrogen oxide c. lead d. particulate matter

c. lead

Perhaps the classic example of x-ray induced malignancy is: a. lung cancer b. malignant melanoma c. leukemia d. oat cell carcinoma

c. leukemia

Asbestos is the only known cause of: a. leukemia b. multiple myeloma c. mesothelioma d. cloracne

c. mesothelioma

Which one of the following is potentially the most important in terms of global warming? a. carbon dioxide b. nitrous oxide c. methane d. chlorofluorocarbons

c. methane

Immune system interference has been demonstrated with dioxin exposure in all the following except: a. humans b. rats c. mice d. hamsters

c. mice

Which one of the following has not been associated with asbestos? a. lung cancer b. asbestosis c. multiple myeloma d. gastrointestinal cancer

c. multiple myeloma

Minamata Disease is associated with: a. lead b. cadmium c. organic mercury d. pesticides

c. organic mercury

The principle purpose of a trap used in connection with a plumbing fixture is to: a. impede the flow of sewage through the fixture b. permit the circulation of clean air through the plumbing fixture c. prevent the entrance of sewer air and foul gases into the house through the fixture d. strain insoluble waste material from the liquid waste

c. prevent the entrance of sewer air and foul gases into the house through the fixture

Which method of mosquito control is not very effective for nuisance prevention? a. screening b. fogging c. residual spray d. repellents

c. residual spray

Under FIFRA, all pesticides must be classified by what manner? a. toxic or nontoxic b. carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic c. restricted use or general use d. none of the above

c. restricted use or general use

Which one of the following will perhaps be the most dramatic consequence of global warming? a. loss of biodiversity b. human illness c. rising sea level d. diminishing crop yields

c. rising sea level

What are two factors commonly used to determine soil permeability or ability of the soil to absorb wastewater? a. soil percolation test and slope of land b. soil characteristics and slope of land c. soil percolation test and soil characteristics d. soil characteristics and watershed

c. soil percolation test and soil characteristics

The typical limitation of use of the septic tank absorption field system is due to: a. cost b. land use consideration c. soil type and size requirements d. appearance

c. soil type and size requirements (pg. 518)

Which of the following sampling devices is best for collecting undisturbed soil samples a. auger b. Shelby tube c. split spoon d. veihmeyer rod

c. split spoon

An inspector's choice of embargo, seizure, or condemnation should be based on: a. the political power of the owner, and informal agency policy b. the inspector's preference c. statutory authority and immediacy of risk d. cost of items and epidemiological history

c. statutory authority and immediacy of risk

One of the main precursors of acid rain is: a. nitrogen oxide b. carbon dioxide c. sulfur dioxide d. ozone

c. sulfur dioxide

The amelioration of a disease to reduce disability or dependence resulting from it is called: a. first degree prevention b. second degree prevention c. tertiary prevention d. none of the above

c. tertiary prevention

The speed with which sound travels through a particular medium is dependent on: a. the compressibility of the medium b. the density of the medium c. the compressibility and density of the medium d. none of the above

c. the compressibility and density of the medium (pg. 824)

What "attracted" industry to the use of chlorofluorocarbons? a. their ability to act as catalyst b. their ability to break down in certain reactions c. their chemical stability d. their affinity for other chemicals

c. their chemical stability

The only difference between gamma rays, x-rays, and visible light is a. their charge b. their particle size c. their frequency d. none of the above

c. their frequency

The primary reason for fish disappearing from bodies of water becoming acidified is: a. they are killed by the acidity of the water b. they can't breathe in the low oxygen environment that is created c. their reproduction cycle is disrupted d. they migrate to less acidic waters

c. their reproduction cycle is disrupted

Which one of the following is a characteristic of high level nuclear wastes? a. they don't require shielding b. they are not "hot" c. they generally arise from spent reactor fuel d. they can be handled with direct human contact

c. they generally arise from spent reactor fuel

What is the inherent capacity of a pesticide to produce injury or death? a. antagonistic effect b. synergistic effect c. toxicity d. hazard effect

c. toxicity

Septic tanks serving commercial operations should be inspected for the need for cleaning: a. once per month b. once per year c. twice per year d. every 3 to 5 years

c. twice per year (pg. 519)

The fissionable fuel in all US nuclear reactors is: a. plutonium b. thorium c. uranium d. tritium

c. uranium

Dust mites seem to proliferate in the presence of: a. dry conditions b. use of air conditioners c. use of humidifiers d. indoor animals

c. use of humidifiers

An example of an anticoagulant rodenticide is: a. red squill b. cyanide gas c. warfarin d. malathion

c. warfarin (pg. 1146)

The annual cost attributed to foodborne illnesses in the US is estimated to be: a. $1.2 million to $5 million per year b. $5 trillion per year c. $10 million to $15 million per year d. $1 billion to $10 billion per year

d. $1 billion to $10 billion per year (pg. 898)

By USEPA Standards, the pH of secondary treatment effluent shall be in the range of: a. 6.8 to 7.4 b. 5 to 7 c. 6.5 to 7.4 d. 6 to 9

d. 6 to 9 (pg. 623)

Excessive condensation, corrosion, and mildew occur when the relative humidity exceeds: a. 20% b. 40% c. 80% d. 60%

d. 60% (pg. 1223)

The pH of a solution in which the apparent hydrogen ion concentration is equal to 1 x 10^-8 moles per liter is: a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

d. 8

Salvato recommends at least one water closet for every _____________ beds in a hospital or nursing home. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

d. 8 (pg. 1207)

Air monitoring shall be conducted in order to ensure proper selection of: a. Engineering controls b. Work practices c. Personal protective equipment d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Sources of dioxin include: a. Wood preserved with PCPs b. Paper mill bleached pulp and sludge c. Bleached paper products d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which organisms are most resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions and indicate past or possibly intermittent pollution? a. Fecal streptococci b. Escherichia coli c. Aerobacter aerogenes d. Clostridium sporulates

d. Clostridium sporulates

Which of the following is not a characteristic of hazardous waste? a. Ignitability b. Corrosivity c. Reactivity d. Combustability

d. Combustability

In the bacteriological analysis of water a positive completed test is definite proof that the sample of water: a. Was polluted with human fecal material and would be unsafe to drink b. Contained enteric pathogens and would be unsafe to drink c. Was not sterile, but safe to drink d. Contained coliform bacteria and may be unsafe to drink

d. Contained coliform bacteria and may be unsafe to drink

Radiation could scatter and bounce off the a. floor b. wall c. ceiling d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Precipitation accomplishes an effective cleansing process of pollutants in the atmosphere by: a. accumulation of small particles in the formation of raindrops or snowflakes in clouds b. the washing out of scavenging of large particles by falling raindrops or snowflakes c. removal of gaseous pollutants by dissolution and absorption d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 795)

Endemic typhus is spread by the: a. roach b. mosquito c. tick d. flea

d. flea

Perhaps the most difficult of the pollutants to control is: a. carbon dioxide b. sulfur dioxide c. nitrogen oxide d. ozone

d. ozone

All of the following have been associated with methyl mercury poisoning except: a. bread b. pork c. fungicides d. tuna

d. tuna

In order to control rats at open dumps, a poison-bait application program should be started __________ before the site is abandoned or converted and before earth-moving equipment is brought to the site. a. 10 days b. 3 days c. 3 weeks d. 3 months

a. 10 days (pg. 1145 or 2 weeks in NEHA)

Soil moisture of about _____________% of saturation is the best for survival of pathogens. a. 10-20 b. 30-40 c. 5-10 d. 50-60

a. 10-20

The Norway rat has a normal home range of: a. 100 to 150 feet b. 300 to 500 feet c. 1 block d. 3 to 5 blocks

a. 100 to 500 feet (pg. 1137)

The final rinse water temperature at the manifold for a heat sanitizing machine dishwasher should be: a. 180 F b. 160 F c. 175 F d. 210 F

a. 180 F

It has been estimated that waterborne disease worldwide accounts for in excess of: a. 250 million illnesses per year b. 20 million illnesses per year c. 150 million illnesses per year d. 400 million illnesses per year

a. 250 million illnesses per year

The flushometer valve is typically protected by: a. A non-pressure-type vacuum breaker b. A pressure-type vacuum breaker c. A backflow preventer d. A reduced pressure zone backflow preventer

a. A non-pressure-type vacuum breaker

The best control of swimmer's itch at a bathing beach it to: a. Add copper sulfate b. Increase the chlorine residual c. Lower the chlorine residual d. Lower water level and allow plants to dry out

a. Add copper sulfate

Which of the following is not included in the nine contaminant groups? a. Microorganisms b. Volatile organic chemicals c. Turbidity d. Lead and copper e. Nitrate and nitrite

a. Microorganisms

Which one of the following was not initially associated with PCBs? a. Minimata disease b. Yusho disease c. Yu-cheng disease d. Chloracne

a. Minimata disease

An electrical transformer leak of PCBs (polychlorinated biphynyl) resulted in the destruction of millions of dollars worth of chickens and eggs in: a. Montana b. New York c. Michigan d. Wisconsin

a. Montana

The factor used to determine the bromine residual with the chlorine test kit (DPD): a. Multiply chlorine residual by 2.25 b. Multiply chlorine residual by 4 c. Divide chlorine residual by 4 d. Divide chlorine residual by 2.5

a. Multiply chlorine residual by 2.25

A national performance standard has been developed by the: a. National Sanitation Foundation b. National Safety Council c. National Institutes of Health d. American Biological Safety Association

a. National Sanitation Foundation

A filter of 2 mm of aluminum will absorb the soft, or less penetrating, radiation.

A household hazardous waste management program draws much of its strength from informed and concerned citizens.

A radioisotope is an artificially created radioactive isotope of a chemical element that is normally not radioactive.

Observations and cost-effective analyses have shown that good housing and sanitation are far more effective measures for the control of cholera, typhoid, and similar diseases than is immunization.

Urine is usually sterile, except for urinary schistosomiasis, typhoid, and leptospirosis carriers.

Well-placed, existing solid waste collection areas are good choices for household hazardous waste collection sites.

With dental x-rays, it is necessary to establish the correct exposure time for kilovoltage, milliamperage, and source-to-skin distance.

The housefly consumes only liquids, and therefore, must transform all other substances to the liquid state before digestion

T (pg. 1108)

Encephalitis has replaced malaria as the major mosquito-borne disease in North America

T (pg. 1114)

Lice require human blood to live

T (pg. 1127)

Yellow jackets usually build their nests in the ground

T (pg. 1136)

The rabies virus may be contracted from aerosol of an infected animal's urine, entering through the nose or mouth

T (pg. 1150)

Bat-proofing should not be conducted in late spring or early summer because baby bats can be trapped inside

T (pg. 1151)

Items such as tennis balls, golf balls, gloves, and auto tires that come into contact with poison ivy, oak, and sumac may spread the poison as well as physical contact with the plants

T (pg. 1151)

Burning of poisonous plants is not advisable because smoke will carry particles long distances and spread the infection

T (pg. 1152)

Under negligence law, the sanitarian owes the public a duty: a. to act as a reasonable person b. to not hurt anyone c. to assist them in whatever manner possible d. to exercise high moral standards in the community

a. to act as a reasonable person

The most effective method discovered for running a percolation test is: a. to make tests in holes that have been filled with water overnight b. to make at least 4 tests for the average area being tested c. to make 12 tests where the soil is relatively uniform d. to take a reading every 5 minutes

a. to make tests in holes that have been filled with water overnight (pg. 500 in NEHA its to make at least 3 tests (preferably 6) for the average area being tested)

What step listed below must be done in order to obtain reproducible results in the soil perc test? a. totally saturated soil before beginning the test b. test must extend at least 2 feet below frost line c. test hole must be greater than 3 feet above seasonal high water tal groundwater, rock, or tight soil d. all of the above

a. totally saturated soil before beginning the test

The basic principles of disease control include all of the following except: a. use of antibiotics b. control of disease source c. mode of transmission d. susceptibility

a. use of antibiotics

The ban of chlorofluorocarbons was not targeted at those companies that: a. use the gas b. produce the gas c. export the gas d. import the gas

a. use the gas

The term "frequency" cannot be described as a. waves b. particles c. vibrations d. oscillations

a. waves and b. particles

An inspection of a premise can lawfully be made in all of the following situations except: a. when refused admission b. with the consent of the owner c. in an emergency d. when a search warrant has been issued

a. when refused admission

Long-term wind data of a given location are presented graphically in the form of a: a. wind rose b. wind table c. wind tree d. wind iris

a. wind rose (pg. 791)

Perhaps the most "infamous" incidence of radiation-induced illness involved: a. women who painted watch dials b. individuals who received radium injections for arthritis c. children who were treated for ringworm in the 1920's d. teenagers who had acne

a. women who painted watch dials

The roentgen is a measure of ionization in air produced by exposure to a. x-rays or gamma rays b. alpha particles c. beta particles d. all of the above

a. x-rays or gamma rays

A householder says to an inspector, "Go ahead and do your dumb inspection. You'll get in here somehow anyway" May the inspector perform the inspection? a. yes, because consent, however reluctant, has been given b. no, because the consent was reluctantly given c. no, because consent must be given in writing for private homes d. no, because the inspector must obtain a court order

a. yes, because consent, however reluctant, has been given

Eastern equine encephalitis is: a. a viral disease b. a ricketettsial disease c. most often transmitted man to man d. a bacterial disease

a. a viral disease

Schistosomiasis is a. a water contact disease b. a foodborne disease c. a milkborne disease d. an airborne disease

a. a water contact disease

Schistosomiasis is: a. a water contact disease b. a foodborne disease c. a milkborne disease d. an airborne disease

a. a water contact disease

Which food has the highest acceptable plate count of E. coli? a. cheese b. unfrozen beef c. chicken d. fish

a. cheese (pg. 920)

A water or foodborne disease outbreak with a short incubation period is likely because of Choose one answer. a. chemical poisoning b. schistosomiasis c. salmonellosis d. shigella

a. chemical poisoning

The most serious threat to the ozone layer is: a. chlorofluorocarbons b. jet airplane travel c. emissions from automobile exhaust d. use of nitrogen fertilizers

a. chlorofluorocarbons

The major source of mercury emissions into the atmosphere is from: a. coal burning b. evaporation from paints during the drying process c. burning of industrial wastes d. dust from mining operations

a. coal burning

Engineering controls are: a. controls that isolate or remove hazards from the workplace b. less effective than good training c. the last option that should be considered d. less effective than personal protection processes

a. controls that isolate or remove hazards from the workplace

Which one of the following is not a way of remedying an asbestos hazard? a. demolition b. removal c. enclosure d. encapsulation

a. demolition

Which of the following disease is not insect-borne? a. diphtheria b. encephalitis c. bubonic plague d. tularemia

a. diphtheria

The most effective measures for mosquito control are dependent upon the: a. elimination of breeding places b. trapping of adult insects c. use of new types of insecticides to destroy adult insects d. use of new repellents

a. elimination of breeding places

What is the most important means of enforcement of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act? a. embargo b. licensing c. registration d. inspection

a. embargo

In legal terminology the power of condemnation is also known as: a. eminent domain b. noscitur ad sociis c. law of nuisances d. judicial presumption

a. eminent domain

The pitch of a sound is determined primarily by: a. frequency b. wavelengths c. sound pressure d. all of the above

a. frequency (pg. 824)

The orange pages of the emergency response guidebook lists: a. guides to use when responding to hazardous materials transportation incidents b. emergency telephone numbers c. EPA hazardous materials personnel d. none of the above

a. guides to use when responding to hazardous materials transportation incidents

Food inspection programs of the future will focus increasingly on: a. hazard analysis and critical control point evaluations b. more frequent inspections c. more rigid enforcement of all rules d. increased food handler exams

a. hazard analysis and critical control point evaluations (pg. 940)

In case of emergency, raw milk may be rendered safe for drinking if _____________ and then immediately cooled. a. heated in a water bath to a temperature of 165 F b. heated after bottling to a temperature of 165 F c. heated to 145 F before bottling d. heated to 145 F after bottling

a. heated in a water bath to a temperature of 165 F (pg. 936)

______________ if the failure to perform an official duty without sufficient excuse. a. nonfeasance b. misfeasance c. malfeasance d. a or b

a. nonfeasance (pg. 1297)

Injury to plants due to ____________ shows up as flecks, stipple and bleaching, tip burns on conifers, and growth suppression. a. ozone b. peroxacyl nitrates c. hydrogen fluoride d. sulfur dioxide

a. ozone (pg. 772)

Natural disaster victims should be provided with how much water per day? a. 1 to 3 gallons b. 3 to 6 gallons c. 6 to 9 gallons d. Water is not necessary for the population

b. 3 to 6 gallons

Approximately what percentage of medical and dental x-rays do federal officials estimate to be unnecessary by federal officials? a. 25 b. 33 c. 40 d. 45

b. 33

In the U.S., the Ringelmann smoke chart consists of how many rectangular charts? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

b. 4 (pg. 788)

If the GREEN LIGHTS program is successful: a. pollution from fossil fuel production will decrease b. consumption of oils will increase c. workers compensation claims will decrease d. government subsidies to business will decrease

a. pollution from fossil fuel production will decrease

In case of disasters, the speed with which action may be implemented is dependent upon: a. prior plans for emergencies b. availability of manpower c. availability of resources d. the type of emergency

a. prior plans for emergencies

Perhaps the greatest problem that resulted from the testing of nuclear weapons prior ti the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was: a. radioactive contamination of soil and water b. the number of infants born with birth defects c. disabilities experienced by those exposed to radiation d. the fear that testing will resume

a. radioactive contamination of soil and water

Samples for BOD analysis should be: a. refrigerated and analyzed within hours b. preserved with mercuric chloride and analyzed anytime thereafter c. frozen and analyzed within 96 hours d. maintained at room temperature and analyzed as soon as possible

a. refrigerated and analyzed within hours

A storm sewer is used to: a. remove rain and other standing surface water b. remove sewage and storm water c. remove household water waste and gutter drain water d. remove non-toxic, non-hazardous wastewater

a. remove rain and other standing surface water (pg. 480)

Which of the following types of materials are known to reflect sound? a. rubber tiles b. heavy drapes c. carpets with felt pads d. rugs

a. rubber tiles (pg. 839)

To mix acid and water, always: a. Add water to acid b. Add acid to water c. Add soda ash to acid d. Stir while pouring water into acid

b. Add acid to water

Microscopic photosynthetic plants of the simplest forms, having neither roots, stems, nor leaves, that are associated with taste and odor, filter clogging, and other water problems are known as: a. Yeasts b. Algae c. Protozoa d. Rotifers

b. Algae

The best method to eliminate swimmers itch is: a. Apply antibiotics to the water b. Break the life chain of the schistosome c. Raise the pH to destroy the snails d. Destroy all aquatic vegetation so the cercariae can't mature

b. Break the life chain of the schistosome

Which gas is found in sewers but is not considered explosive? a. methane b. CO2 c. Hydrogen d. CO

b. CO2

A seechi dick is used to determine: a. pH b. Clarity in recreational waters c. Coliform contamination d. Heavy metals

b. Clarity in recreational waters

The legal precedents that form that basis of U.S. air quality control regulations currently in effect began with the: a. Air Quality Act of 1967 b. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 c. Clean Air Act of 1963 d. Air Quality Standards Act of 1967

b. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970

Often over 90% of sodium arsenate can be removed by: a. Filtration b. Coagulation c. Ion exchange d. All of the above

b. Coagulation

Regulation of drinking water additives is the responsibility of: a. FDA b. EPA c. Dept. of Labor d. PHS

b. EPA

Strong emphasis is placed on the control of shellfish because: a. shellfish can transmit a number of infectious diseases such as dysentery, infectious hepatitis, cholera, and typhoid fever b. seafood is in popular demand c. the shellfish population is decreasing due to water pollution d. a great number of shellfish are bought and sold illegally

a. shellfish can transmit a number of infectious diseases such as dysentery, infectious hepatitis, cholera, and typhoid fever (pg. 966)

If the septic tank will have a garbage disposal unit feeding into it: a. the size of the tank should be increased 50% b. the tank should have an agitator c. the tank should not be equipped with a gas baffle d. the tank should not be constructed with precast concrete

a. the size of the tank should be increased 50% (pg. 519)

A problem associated with passage of federal air control standards was: a. they relied on voluntary compliance by states b. the standards were set to high c. the compliance dates were too fast for compliance to occur d. they did not have sufficient "teeth" for enforcement

a. they relied on voluntary compliance by states

Animals are primarily affected by the pollutants in the air: a. through ingested vegetation b. by inhaling pollution c. by consuming contaminated water d. by consuming highly toxic food and water

a. through ingested vegetation (pg. 772)

Water containing nitrates generally indicates: a. A nearby cesspool b. Evidence of previous pollution c. A chemical leak d. A nearby slaughterhouse

b. Evidence of previous pollution

A water system serving one apartment building with three apartments, having a total of six residents is a Public Water Supply (PWS). a. True b. False

b. False

The type of water that makes it difficult to produce suds or to rinse laundry, dishes or food equipment is: a. Soft water b. Hard water c. Spring water d. Distilled water

b. Hard water

OSHA regulations other than HAZWOPER apply to emergency response and hazardous waste operations if they are: a. Less stringent b. More stringent c. Endorsed by the FDA d. Known by the site supervisor

b. More stringent

The first national law in the United States designed to deal with noise was the: a. Quiet Communities Act b. Noise Control Act c. Noise Abatement Act d. Environmental Noise Pollution Act

b. Noise Control Act

In a plumbing system, where a faucet feeds a sink, it is advisable to have thee faucet situated well above the rim of the sink. Why? a. Interference with proper drainage of the sink b. Possible suction of wastewater into the supply of potable water c. Keep the metal of the faucet from coming into contact with the water in the sink d. Keep the sink from overflowing

b. Possible suction of wastewater into the supply of potable water

The causative agent Naegleria fowleri has been linked to which of the following diseases? a. Bacterial meningitis b. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis c. Cholera d. Diptheria

b. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

What is the purpose of using a forward sweeping motion when collecting water samples from a stream or lake? a. Allows equal mixing of sample b. Prohibits contamination from sampler hands c. Prohibits collection of trash in the water d. Creates a current that will collect visible contaminants for ID

b. Prohibits contamination from sampler hands

What reference would you use to determine if an infectious waste that contains viable organisms is included? a. OSHA manual b. RCRA Act c. TSCA Act

b. RCRA Act

Of the following, which is not a variable to be considered when deciding upon a safe distance between a well and a sewage disposal system? a. Well construction, tightness of pump connection, depth of well casing and sealing of the annual space b. The number of individuals utilizing the well c. The volume, strength, type and dispersion of the polluted material d. The soil structure and texture

b. The number of individuals utilizing the well

In emergencies, small quantities of water can be disinfected by boiling or using: a. Aluminum salts b. Tincture of iodine c. Salt tablets d. Direct exposure to sunlight for 22 hours

b. Tincture of iodine

The Emergency Planning and Community-Right-to-Know Act was promoted by the accident at: a. three mile island b. chernobyl c. bhopal d. sulfur dioxide

b. chernobyl

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by: a. cockroaches b. dog ticks c. mites d. skunks

b. dog ticks (pg. 1134)

Sensitivity to radiation is probably highest: a. just prior to pregnancy b. during fetal development c. during puberty d. during young adulthood

b. during fetal development

A pigeon control program to eliminate nesting places should be proceeded by: a. baiting the area b. ectoparasite control c. trapping and humanely disposing of pigeons d. installing ground electrical wires

b. ectoparatise control (pg. 1148)

Environmental health regulatory staff must be ________ first and foremost. a. enforcers b. educators c. undergraduates d. legislators

b. educators (pg. 1296)

Which of the following is not a sign of bad fish? a. off-odor b. elastic flesh c. gray or greenish gills d. sunken eyes

b. elastic flesh (pg. 909)

Microwave ovens use which of the following energy sources? a. mechanical b. electromagnetic c. ultraviolet d. radio waves

b. electromagnetic

A basic concept embodied in the GREEN LIGHTS program is: a. boost the sale of light bulbs b. energy conservation c. increase the amount of light in the worplace d. switch lighting from white to cool green for worker comfort

b. energy conservation

In the event of a toxic spill, what is the first thing to be done? a. wash the spill area b. evacuate all unnecessary personnel c. don a SCUBA and begin clean-up d. notify the manufacturer of the chemical

b. evacuate all unnecessary personnel

X-ray units are generally due for reinspection a. every year b. every 2 to 3 years c. every 5 years d. every 6 years

b. every 2 to 3 years

Which one of the following is least likely to be occupationally exposed to mercury vapors: a. lab technicians b. farm workers c. machine operators d. plumbers

b. farm workers

Airborne exposure to asbestos fibers is most commonly associated with: a. naturally occurring flaking of mineral outcroppings b. fibers being released through automobile braking c. deterioration of man-made, asbestos-containing material d. accidents that occur in the manufacturing industry

b. fibers being released through automobile braking

__________ have been known to cause crippling skeletal damage to cattle through ingested contaminated vegetation. a. sulfides b. fluorides c. nitrates d. chlorides

b. fluorides (pg. 772)

Which one of the following gases seems to present the greatest challenge in terms of elimination of its use? a. halon b. freon c. argon d. hydrobromofluorocarbon

b. freon

The major source of sulfur dioxides is: a. natural erosion of soils b. fuel combustion c. industrial processing d. road traffic

b. fuel combustion

Emissions which find their way into the ambient air without being vented through a stack are known as: a. escaped emissions b. fugitive emissions c. phantom emissions d. all of the above

b. fugitive emissions (pg. 778)

Those laboratory activities that may result in personnel exposure to aerosols may result in: a. CDC investigating b. increased containment c. the appointment of a biosafety officer d. none of the above

b. increased containment (pg. 50)

The reason that the ozone layer is so important is because it: a. provides an element needed for respiration of plants b. it protects life forms from solar ultraviolet radiation c. it helps in retaining a constant earth temperature d. it helps diffuse carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

b. it protects life forms from solar ultraviolet radiation

The number one environmental health problem that affects America's children is: a. exposure to asbestos b. lead poisoning c. exposure to environmental tobacco smoke d. possible exposure to nuclear wastes

b. lead poisoning

Of the following, the most likely to succumb to cadmium poisoning are: a. miners b. malnourished women c. factory workers d. fishermen

b. malnourished women

Which one of the following seems to have the most impact on a child's reading skills? a. parental educational background b. noisy home environment c. child's grade in school d. number of children in the family

b. noisy home environment

Which one of the following has not been identified as a hazard associated with lead exposure? a. storing wine in lead crystal containers b. occasional use of antique or collectible dinnerware c. use of lead solder in the canning industry d. failure to wipe foil sealed wine bottles before uncorking

b. occasional use of antique or collectible dinnerware

Which of the following is generally most useful as legal evidence? a. a chronological summary of related events b. original field notes c. a photocopy of office records and correspondence d. a published report

b. original field notes

The Greenhouse Effect is being enhanced by the increase of all of the following gases in the atmosphere except: a. methane b. oxygen c. nitrous oxide d. carbon dioxide

b. oxygen

Hay fever is correctly referred to as: a. weedsidsis b. pollenosis c. asthma d. sinusitis

b. pollenosis (pg. 1154)

After collection, there are four main steps involved in resource recovery. Place in correct order: a. size reduction, recovery, separation, utilization b. size reduction, separation, recovery, utilization c. recovery, separation, size reduction, utilization d. separation, size reduction, recovery, utilization

b. size reduction, separation, recovery, utilization

High levels of particulate air pollution have been associated with all of the following except: a. lung cancer b. skin cancer c. heart ailments d. respiratory disease

b. skin cancer

The ratio of the energy passing through a wall, floor, or ceiling to the energy striking it is called: a. sound absorption b. sound transmission loss c. noise reduction d. all of the above

b. sound transmission loss (pg. 839)

Which one of the following is not ordinarily considered to be transmitted by an insect? a. malaria b. tetanus c. typhus fever d. yellow fever

b. tetanus

The amount of heat required to lower one pound of a product one degree Fahrenheit is: a. exothermal extraction b. the specific heat c. the coolant factor d. important to know

b. the specific heat (pg. 984)

Which of the following is true regarding the use of septic-tank cleaners? a. additives have been shown to be cost-effective alternatives to annual cleaning b. their use is not advised c. there is no evidence that the chemicals used eventually reach groundwater d. the greasing compounds used have proven to be completely safe

b. their use is not advised (pg. 520)

Dry stored goods should be stores off the floor at least __________ inches to prevent their contamination. a. 2 b. 6 c. 12 d. 24

c. 12 (pg. 922)

Dairy equipment can be disinfected with a chlorine solution of: a. 20 mg/l b. 2 mg/l c. 200 mg/l d. 220 mg/l

c. 200 mg/l (pg. 927)

The traditional absorption field should be laid in trenches not more than ____________inches below the ground surface. a. 18 b. 42 c. 24 d. 63

c. 24 (pg. 529)

Detention time for septic tanks should be not less than: a. 8 hours b. 12 hours c. 24 hours d. 36 hours

c. 24 hours

A minimum of ___________ of sleeping area per person is required in the APHA appraisal method. a. 10 ft2 b. 20 ft2 c. 40 ft2 d. 60 ft2

c. 40 ft2 (pg. 1170)

The ideal pH range for swimming pools is: a. 6 to 8.5 b. 6.5 to 8.5 c. 7.2 to 7.6 d. 5 to 7

c. 7.2 to 7.6

Most urban dwellers spend what percent of their total time indoors? a. 10 to 20% b. 25 to 50% c. 80 to 90% d. 70 to 80%

c. 80 to 90% (pg. 1214)

For workers, a sound level above ___________ dBA should be considered unsafe for daily exposure over a period of months. a. 80 b. 85 c. 90 d. all of the above

c. 90 (pg. 832)

The general type of subsurface formation in which groundwater contamination is likely to travel the farthest is: a. Clay b. Granite c. Limestone d. Gravel

c. Limestone

Which one of the following is the major source of air pollution in the U.S? a. electric power plants that burn coal or oil b. steel mills c. automotive vehicles d. home heating systems

c. automotive vehicles

The highest home radon concentration levels are most likely to be found in: a. upstairs halls b. dining areas c. basements d. near windows

c. basements

Lasers emit a. mechanical radiation b. ionizing radiation c. electromagnetic radiation d. none of the above

c. electromagnetic radiation

In what type of structures are indoor levels of formaldehyde likely to be rather high? a. wood-framed structures b. concrete block structures c. mobile homes d. adobe brick structures

c. mobile homes

A young lake is considered to be: a. eutrophic b. mesotrophic c. oligotrophic d. ohytotrophic

c. oligotrophic (pg. 488)

Which of the following is unlike the rest, regarding epidemiology? a. malaria b. rocky mountain spotted fever c. rabies d. eastern encephalitis

c. rabies

Which is not a primary source of Giardia lamblia cysts? a. beavers b. humans c. roaches d. muskrats

c. roaches

Shock loading refers to: a. a huge influx of fish to a breeding ground b. large scale reproductive failure of fish in an area c. several month's accumulation of acid quickly melting into a spawning area d. the overabundance of frog tadpoles emerging in an area

c. several month's accumulation of acid quickly melting into a spawning area

The major concern related to ultraviolet radiation within humans is with: a. liver cancer b. cataracts c. skin cancer d. reproductive organ cancer

c. skin cancer

Perhaps the first indication of the health problems associated with exposure to ionizing radiation were the result of a high incidence of: a. fetal deaths b. cardiovascular disease c. skin cancers d. benign tumors

c. skin cancers

The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) is mainly concerned with: a. water b. energy c. solid wastes d. air

c. solid wastes

The most common type of noise measurement device used for initial surveys to provide rapid evaluation and identification of potential problem areas is the: a. octave-band analyzer b. noise dosimeter c. sound level meter d. sound analyzer

c. sound level meter (pg. 834)

What is the most common method of applying wastewater to land? a. waste stabilization pond b. land over-land flow c. spray irrigation d. wetland treatment

c. spray irrigation (pg. 601)

What is the best method for eliminating rats? a. kill with poisons b. remove rat harborage c. starve the rats by removing food and water sources d. trap rats and destroy them

c. starve the rats by removing food and water sources

If a septic tank is pumped in a wet period: a. the tank may be crushed by the wet earth b. the water will flow into the tank c. the tank may float out of the ground d. the field may flood the tank

c. the tank may float out of the ground (pg. 519)

In what part of the earth's atmosphere are photochemical oxidants produced? a. lithosphere b. stratosphere c. troposphere d. hydrosphere

c. troposphere (pg. 782)

The goal for management of hazardous waste should be a. safe disposal methods b. minimal impact on the environment c. zero discharge d. all of the above

c. zero discharge

A freezer unit for frozen food should maintain temperatures of _______ F or below. a. 32 b. 24 c. 10 d. 0

d. 0 (pg. 984)

Clostridium botulinum spores are killed in: a. 10 to 15 minutes at 80 C b. 10 to 15 minutes at 80 F c. 1 minute at 250 F d. 10 to 15 minutes at 230 F

d. 10 to 15 minutes at 230 F (pg. 912)

The ASHRAE recommended minimal thermal standard for dwellings is ______________ F at 40% humidity and an air circulation rate of 45 fpm. a. 57 b. 60 c. 68 d. 76

d. 76 (pg. 1223)

What percentage of the typical American's lifetime exposure to ultraviolet radiation occurs before age 20? a. 50 b. 60 c. 70 d. 80

d. 80

The amount of residue left after incineration is approximately a. 10 to 15 percent of the original volume b. 25 to 50 percent of the original volume c. 55 to 65 percent of the original volume d. A and B

d. A and B (In NEHA its just A 10-15%)

Backflow of nonpotable materials into the potable water system may occur by: a. Backpressure b. Back-siphonage c. Vacuum in the volume d. A and B above

d. A and B above

High concentrations of nitrates in drinking water are: a. Detrimental to adults b. Considered safe to drink c. The cause of a blood disease in teenagers d. A possible cause of methemoglobinemia

d. A possible cause of methemoglobinemia

Which would not be used as a coagulant? a. Black alum b. Chlorinated copperas c. Ferric chloride d. Sodium hypochlorite

d. Sodium hypochlorite

Pasteurized milk quality is indicated by: a. direct microscopic count coliform test, standard plate count b. appearance, thermoduric, determination c. phosphate test, taste and odor tests d. a and c above

d. a and c above (pg. 944)

The first step in a rat control program is: a. a baiting program b. code enforcement c. a trapping program d. a community survey

d. a community survey (pg. 1137)

Septage is best defined as: a. sludge b. scum c. gray water d. a mixture of all of the above

d. a mixture of all of the above (pg. 520)

Common deficiencies regarding fluoroscopy units may be a. inadequate shielding b. absence of lead aprons c. timing device not functioning properly d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The septic tank primarily functions as a: a. biological treatment system b. sedimentation tank c. conditioning tank d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 512)

Sewer gas may contain: a. H2S b. methane c. chlorine d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 521)

A healthy milk herd is expected to be free of which disease(s)? a. mastitis b. brucellosis c. tuberculosis d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 926)

Milk is considered pasteurized by the Federal Drug Administration if it reaches: a. 145 F (63 C) for 30 minutes b. 194 F (90 C) for 0.5 seconds c. 212 F (100 C) for 15 seconds d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 941)

Which of the following factors slow(s) down biological activity and preserve(s) food? a. high or low temperatures b. reduced water activity c. refrigeration d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 982)

According to "Universal Precautions", which of the following are considered to be infectious? a. all blood from human sources b. certain body fluids c. body contact d. both a and b

d. both a and b

Individuals assigned to regulatory programs should be: a. exceptionally qualified by both training and experience b. have degrees in institutional control c. have achieved appropriate certifications d. both a and c

d. both a and c (pg. 1246)

Biological safety equipment includes: a. biosafety cabinets b. needles and syringes c. personal protective equipment d. both a and c

d. both a and c (pg. 7)

Which of the following is (are) true about composting? a. it has been a great success in the United States b. it may come from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste c. it results in a poor fertilizer d. both b and c above

d. both b and c above

The major damage that results from exposure to organic mercury is to the: a. kidneys b. heart c. lungs d. brain

d. brain

Advantages of the land disposal of digested sewage (sludge) include all except: a. addition of some nutrients to the soil b. improving aeration of tight soils c. an aid to erosion control of treated soil d. build-up of heavy metals in the soil

d. build-up of heavy metals in the soil

Which one of the following is generally found at the highest concentrations in urban atmospheres? a. sulfur dioxide b. nitrogen oxide c. ozone d. carbon monoxide

d. carbon monoxide

An infected organism which does not experience symptoms during the spread of an illness is called a a. reservoir b. parasite c. host d. carrier

d. carrier

An infected organism which does not experience symptoms during the spread of an illness is called a: a. reservoir b. parasite c. host d. carrier

d. carrier

Which of the following would most likely contain the highest proportion of PCBs? a. perch b. sunfish c. brook trout d. chinook salmon

d. chinook salmon

The primary health problems of developing countries are a. diphtheria and pertussis b. heart disease c. cancer and disease d. communicable disease and malnutrition

d. communicable disease and malnutrition

The favored method of disposal of domestic wastewater is: a. septic tank seepage field b. community package system c. buried sand filter d. connection to public water system

d. connection to public water system (pg. 490)

Which one of the following would probably be most cost effective in the prevention of lead poisoning of children? a. screening high risk children b. removing lead paint from home exteriors c. removal of soil around homes that had exterior lead paint d. covering bare soil or planting foundation shrubs

d. covering bare soil or planting foundation shrubs

Which animal is the primary reservoir for the newly discovered Hantavirus? a. cats b. dogs c. parrots d. deer mice

d. deer mice

The legal authority to conduct a routine environmental health inspection is: a. explicitly stated in the U.S. constitution b. inherent in a health agency c. granted by judicial decree d. delegated by the legislature

d. delegated by the legislature

The killing of an infectious agent outside the body by chemical or physical means is termed a. detoxification b. deodorization c. destabilization d. disinfection

d. disinfection

An individual's right to be treated with at east a minimum of decency and fairness by governmental officials is guaranteed by the provision of: a. states rights b. home rule c. equal protection d. due process

d. due process

A major process for the prevention of respiratory disease of susceptible persons is a. isolation b. hospitalization c. immunization d. education

d. education

A primary responsibility of food service management is: a. trust and delegation of responsibilities b. recognition of sanitary inspections c. approval and provisions for legal responsibilities d. education and supervision of employees

d. education and supervision of employees (pg. 923)

Dead animals are best disposed in a. an incinerator or rendering plant b. a separate area of sanitary landfill c. a composting bed d. either a or b above

d. either a or b above

Which of the following are not major sources of sulfur dioxide pollution? a. metal smelters b. coal and oil burning power plants c. refineries d. electrical substations

d. electrical substations (pg. 776)

A medical Surveillance program must be provided to workers at hazardous waste sites by the: a. workers' health insurance b. OSHA c. Federal government d. employer

d. employer

The most prevalent arthropod-borne disease transmitted to humans in the US today is: a. rabies b. plague c. malaria d. encephalitis

d. encephalitis

The study of the occurrence, frequency, and distribution of disease is a. entomology b. biology c. endocrinology d. epidemiology

d. epidemiology

Which hazard is related to size reduction method for solid waste? a. toxic gases b. rodent problems c. insect infestations d. explosions

d. explosions

When a body of water becomes acidified, the first aquatic species to disappear are generally: a. bacterial decomposers b. phytoplankton c. fish d. freshwater shrimp

d. freshwater shrimp

Mycotoxins are poisonous chemicals produced by a. bacteria b. vertebrates c. viruses d. fungi

d. fungi

Which one of the following is a characteristics of PCBs? a. hard soil b. high water solubility c. low boiling point d. high heat resistant

d. high heat resistant

Photochemical smog has been reported in congested areas with: a. large industries b. chemical processing plants c. industries processing hazardous wastes d. high motor vehicle traffic

d. high motor vehicle traffic (pg. 771)

The term applied to certain incorporated towns or cities in which the state constitution of legislature gives them the right to formulate and adopt city charters and regulate their own affairs is: a. eminent domain b. ultra vires c. inherent law d. home rule

d. home rule

The first emission standards for automobiles dealt with emission of: a. nitrogen oxide b. sulfur dioxide c. carbon dioxide d. hydrocarbons

d. hydrocarbons

Celery, a major source of salad contamination, has proven to be acceptable when: a. bathed with the juice of citrus fruits such a grapefruits, oranges, lemons or limes b. blanched for a few seconds in water at a rolling boil c. placed in a vinegar solution for three hours prior to use d. immersed in boiling water for thirty seconds, then chilled under running tap water

d. immersed in boiling water for thirty seconds, then chilled under running tap water (pg. 919)

Most cases of sick building syndrome can be traced to: a. high concentrations of carbon monoxide b. poor construction c. high thicknesses of insulation d. inadequate ventilation

d. inadequate ventilation

The primary route of entry of PCBs into human is: a. absorption b. inhalation c. inoculation d. ingestion

d. ingestion

The major source of lead poisoning today is: a. ingestion of lead-tainted food b. ingesting lead-contaminated drinking water c. inhalation of polluted air d. ingestion of lead-based house paint

d. ingestion of lead-based house paint

Plants employing trickling filters, activated sludge, and spray irrigation present a possible health hazard to their employees due to: a. strong caustic chemicals b. diseases due to handling of fecal matter c. microorganisms entering the skin through pores d. inhalation of airborne microorganisms

d. inhalation of airborne microorganisms (pg. 595)

The accumulation of increased concentration of a continuously emitted pollutant is: a. referred to as episodic filtration b. referred to as explosive stockpiling and is potentially a very hazardous situation if left unchecked c. directly proportional to wind speed d. inversely proportional to wind speed

d. inversely proportional to wind speed (pg. 791)

BOD is a measure of the biodegradable organic content of a water sample. It is necessary to fill the bottle completely full and not have any air bubbles in the sample in order to: a. insure that the water sample is completely aerobic b. insure accurate measurements of sample volume c. prevent dissolved oxygen from escaping from the water sample d. prevent additional oxygen from diffusing into the sample

d. prevent additional oxygen from diffusing into the sample

Which one of the following is not one way to protect the safety of uranium miners? a. close off unused sections of mines b. inclusion of better ventilation systems c. encourage miners to wear respirators d. provide special warning monitors for miners to wear

d. provide special warning monitors for miners to wear

__ is the thermochemical process for the conversion of complete organic solids in the absence of added oxygen, to water, combustible gases, tarry liquids and stable residue. a. composting b. incineration c. wet oxidation d. pyrolysis

d. pyrolysis

The term "rad" means a. required administered dose b. radiation admitted dose c. roentgen absorbed dose d. radiation absorbed dose

d. radiation absorbed dose

Roaches are capable of spreading: a. malaria b. Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever c. rabies d. salmonellosis

d. salmonellosis

The ______________ test shows the amount of extraneous material in milk but will not show dissolved material. a. appearance b. microscopic count c. thermoduric d. sediment

d. sediment (pg. 944)

A rodent sign which would best indicate a current infestation with a number of rats would be: a. extensive gnawed wood b. rat poisons in corners of restaurant kitchens c. presence of burrows d. soft, dark rat droppings ranging in size from 3/8 inch to 3/4 inch

d. soft, dark rat droppings ranging in size from 3/8 inch to 3/4 inch

Which one of the following is the most common "technological fix" for reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions? a. coal washing b. fluidized bed combustion c. integrated gasification d. stack gas scrubbers

d. stack gas scrubbers

In terms of health problems associated with ionizing radiation, perhaps the most prudent way to safeguard public health is to: a. limit the development of nuclear power plants b. require specific documentation of all medical x-rays c. limit the number of medical x-rays allowed to a person d. subscribe to the linear dose-response curve

d. subscribe to the linear dose-response curve

Vent gasses combined with high moisture inside a chimney will form: a. a glass-like glaze b. hydrochloric acid c. sodium chloride d. sulfuric acid

d. sulfuric acid (pg. 1228)

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is spread by a. flies b. spiders c. cockroaches d. ticks

d. ticks

Following floods or other natural disasters, there is frequently public concern for ____________ vaccination. a. cholera b. amoebic dysentery c. typhus d. typhoid

d. typhoid

Final disposal of sludge may include all of the following except: a. composting b. sanitary landfill c. land application d. vegetable dumping

d. vegetable dumping (pg. 631)

Which is not considered a single dose rodenticide? a. ANTU b. strychnine c. red squill d. warfarin

d. warfarin

The appropriate procedure used for bottle washing in large plants is: a. wash, rinse, air-dry b. pre-soaking, wash, rinse and sanitizing rinse c. steam-cleaning at a pressure of 170 F d. wash, rinse, and sanitizing rinse

d. wash, rinse, and sanitizing rinse (pg. 925)

Which one of the following is not a major source of human exposure of dioxin? Consumption of contaminated: a. fish b. meat c. dairy products d. water

d. water

The most satisfactory basis for measuring quantities of solid waste is by: a. volume b. volume and weight c. volume per cubic yard d. weight

d. weight

Most concerns about noise as a pollutant have focused on the: a. home b. school c. community d. workplace

d. workplace

Which one of the following cities has a water concentration of asbestos that is 10-100 million fibers per liter? a. Chicago b. Pittsburgh c. Los Angeles D. San Francisco

D. San Francisco

Ascaris ova may survive up to 7 hours in moist, warm soil.

Biological effects should govern the requires standards of radiological protection.

Fluoroscopy exams should be done before x-rays

Household hazardous waste disposal bids should be evaluated solely on the basis of price.

Household hazardous waste is regulated like any other hazardous wast.

In practice, exposure to ionizing radiation is controlled by the use of shields of lead.

It is not necessary for a dental unit to have filters.

Lead shielding devices are not necessary for chest or upright x-rays.

Legionella pneumophila was found to originate in the toilet tanks in older hotels.

Life expectancy is a measure of health progress, morbidity levels, and the quality of life.

Marsh miasma is another name for the disease known as Legionella.

More information is known about effects of trace amounts of toxic substances than radiation effects.

Most cells, tissues, and organs of the body are independent, and the destruction of one will not affect the other.

Only sperm and nerve cells can apparently replace themselves or recover, to some extent, from radiation exposure if the dose is not excessive.

PCB waste collected from households is exempt from the disposal regulation.

Rats are one of the seven animals most likely to carry rabies.

Soil moisture of about 30% to 45% of saturation is the best for survival of pathogens.

The genetic harm done by radiation is not cumulative.

The nature of all radiation is the same, and the difference lies only in the frequency and wave length.

The prevention of deaths from a particular disease increases the overall life expectancy in direct proportion to its decreased mortality.

The state or federal regulatory agency with jurisdiction should never be consulted when conducting a suitability audit of a waste disposal company.

The term "rem" does not take into consideration the biological effect of different kinds of radiation from the same dose in rads.

Toxins that attack nerves are referred to as enterotoxin.

Tularemia is often transmitted to humans by dogs

DDT has been banned for use in all countries except parts of Africa, Sweden, Great Britain, and all South American Countries

F (pg. 1101)

For pesticide to be permitted for application on a raw agricultural food or feed, the residue must exceed the tolerance established for the product by the Department of Health and Human services under the conditions of use

F (pg. 1104)

The prime feeding time of the anopheles mosquito is usually around mid-day

F (pg. 1114)

The female and male mosquito feed only on the blood of humans and animals

F (pg. 1115)

Because they do not stain, lindane and malathion are excellent liquid insecticide sprays to use for controlling bedbugs in mattresses or other bedding

F (pg. 1124)

Rats have an extremely keen sense of sight but very poor taste and smelling ability

F (pg. 1137)

Sodium fluoroacetate, also known as "1080", is the most effective fast-acting rodenticide available for use throughout the U.S.

F (pg. 1142)

The poison found in poison ivy, oak, and sumac is extremely volatile

F (pg. 1151)

A lump of soil with good characteristics will break apart with little pressure along definite cleavage plains and should be blue or grayish in color.

F (pg. 493)

The placement of the distribution box is not critical as long as it is water tight.

F (pg. 523)

The precise levels at which specific pollutants become a health hazard are relatively easy to establish by existing surveillance systems.

F (pg. 768)

Particulates larger than 10 microns can penetrate easily into the respiratory tract.

F (pg. 778)

A sampling train is a device used to measure emissions from locomotives.

F (pg. 789)

The concentration resulting from a continuous emission of a pollutant is directly proportional to wind speed.

F (pg. 791)

Areas on the windward side of mountain ranges can expect less precipitation due to the forced rising, expansion, and cooling of moving air masses.

F (pg. 797)

In general terms, it is safe to assume that any two identical sound levels will have the effect of increasing the overall level by 10 dB.

F (pg. 830)

Continuous exposure to high-level noise is less harmful than intermittent or occasional exposure.

F (pg. 832)

Sound absorbing materials absorb low frequency sounds much more effectively than high frequency sounds.

F (pg. 839)

"R" is the symbol used for the term "roentgen"

A CAT scanner is a combination computer and x-ray machine.

Actual amounts of radiation exposure received in different parts of the world will vary with altitude, background, and medical practices.

An ordinary chest x-ray produces an exposure of about 0.1 rad; a very heavy diagnostic series, about 10 rads.

Background radiation cannot be eliminated.

Beta particles can be a health hazard either as internal or external radiation because of the ionization in tissues.

Beta particles can be stopped by a few millimeters of aluminum.

Biological effects or radiation on all living organisms, including human beings, are termed somatic.

Carbon 14, a radioactive isotope of carbon, has a half-life of almost 6000 years.

Coliform, on soil surfaces, may survive up to 38 days.

Disease is considered the antithesis of health, defined as "a state of physical, mental and social well-being and ability to function, and not merely the absence of illness or infirmity."

Gamma rays come from the nucleus of an atom; x-ray come from the electrons around the nucleus and are produced by electron bombardment.

Household hazardous waste is not exempt from DOT regulations when shipped to a disposal facility.

In assessing radiation hazard, the sum total of all exposures should be considered.

It is believed by some researchers that the hazards of low level radiation may be worse than previously predicted, supporting the principle that "x-rays should be used only when there is good medical reason"

It is believed that the ingestion of one virus CFU can cause infection in humans.

Large doses of radiation can be applied to local areas, as in therapy, with little danger.

Many defects in x-ray units are easy to find and need no instruments.

Medical personal involved in radium therapy can become unnecessarily exposed during handling of the source needle.

Medical uses can present a hazard to technicians, patients, and others through the improper handling of radionuclides and contaminated wastes.

Radon is an alpha emitter, daughter decay products are alpha, beta, and gamma emitters.

Some of the prime sources of Giardia lamblia cysts are humans, beavers, muskrats, and domestic animals.

Sources of x-rays that operate at a voltage above 10 kilovolts may be less hazardous than sources less that 10kV.

Support of household hazardous waste management is an avenue for industries to paint themselves as community leaders and defenders of the environment.

Survey meters are usually read in roentgens or milliroentgens per hour

The full potential of naturalistic and source-reduction measures should be applied before considering chemical means for controlling arthropods, rodents, and weeds

T (pg. 1099)

The World Health Organization considers DDT irreplaceable in public health at the present time for control of some of the most important vector-borne diseases of humans

T (pg. 1101)

The best time to apply a herbicide is in the late spring or early summer when plant growth and development is taking place

T (pg. 1153)

The recommended maximum length of the system materials is 75 feet.

T (pg. 530)

A deterioration in the ozone layer of the stratosphere can cause an increase in the ultraviolet radiation reaching earth.

T (pg. 774)

Ozone can be formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.

T (pg. 776)

Bacteria and spores are considered natural sources of air pollution.

T (pg. 778)

Almost all sound contains multiple frequencies.

T (pg. 824)

Sounds with a frequency of 30 hertz (Hz) are considered very low pitch.

T (pg. 826)

Individuals react differently to noise depending on age, sex, and socioeconomic background.

T (pg. 832)

The amount of sound energy a material can absorb is a function of its absorption coefficient at a specified frequency.

T (pg. 838)

The regulatory level for benzene under the RCRA Toxicity Characteristic rule is: a. 0.5 mg/l b. 100 mg/kg c. 0.2 mg/l d. 25.0 mg/l

a. 0.5 mg/l

The FDA action level for aflatoxins in milk shipped in interstate commerce is: a. 0.5 ppb b. 0.7 ppb c. 0.1 ppb d. 1.0 ppb

a. 0.5 ppb (pg. 918)

Biological safety cabinets should be performance tested every: a. 1 year b. 1 month c. 2 years d. 10 years

a. 1 year (pg. 55)

Brine from water softening units as low as _______% may inhibit bacterial action in septic tanks. a. 1.2 b. 5.6 c. 8.9 d. none of the above

a. 1.2 (pg. 522)

In a dry food storage room, the artificial lighting should provide a minimum of __________ foot candles. a. 10 b. 50 c. 100 d. 3

a. 10 (pg. 922)

Oysters free themselves of contaminating viruses and bacteria within _________ of exposure in purified seawater. a. 12 to 24 hours b. 6 to 12 hours c. 12 hours to 2 days d. 18 to 24 hours

a. 12 to 24 hours (pg. 970)

At what time and temperature specifications does a sweetened milk product have to be pasteurized? a. 150 F for 30 minutes b. 65 F for 30 minutes c. 75 F for 15 seconds d. 100 F for .001 seconds

a. 150 F for 30 minutes (pg. 935)

Hot water for the sanitizing of assembled equipment is not to be cooler than ___________F at the end of the system. a. 170 F for 5 minutes b. 180 F for 5 minutes c. 185 F for 5 minutes d. 187 F for 5 minutes

a. 170 F for 5 minutes (pg. 939)

When disinfecting rubber valves and other parts of milking equipment with hot water, the water temperature should be __________________________ or a strong chlorine solution of ____________ strength can be use. a. 180 to 190 F, 200 mg/l b. 180 to 190 F, 190 mg/l c. 190 to 200 F, 200 mg/l d.190 to 200 F, 190 mg/l

a. 180 to 190 F, 200 mg/l (pg. 927)

For custard-filled pies to be considered safe, they should be heated to __________ F for ten minutes. a. 190 b. 170 c. 180 d. 200

a. 190 (pg. 911)

PCBs were first synthesized in: a. 1920s b. 1930s c. 1940s d. 1950s

a. 1920s

The end of a waste pipe should terminate at least _________ above the rim of a sink or receptacle directly connected to the drainage system. a. 2 inches b. 4 inches c. 5 inches d. 6 inches

a. 2 inches (pg. 1182)

A female rat becomes sexually mature in: a. 2 to 3 months b. 2 to 3 weeks c. 1 to 2 months d. 4 to 6 weeks

a. 2 to 3 months (pg. 1137)

Leachate from a garbage dump has been found to pollute wells: a. 2000 feet away b. 1400 feet away c. 100 feet away d. 50 feet away

a. 2000 feet away

Sandwich and salad mixtures should be placed in shallow pans at a depth not greater than ____________ to accelerate the rapid cooling of the food. a. 3 inches b. 2 inches c. 5 inches d. 8 inches

a. 3 inches (pg. 983)

In order to simplify cleanliness, window sills should be sloped toward the room and down at an angle of ___________ degrees. a. 30 b. 20 c. 80 d. 40

a. 30 (pg. 901)

Emergency shelters should provide a minimum of ____________ per person. a. 30 ft^2 b. 20 ft^2 c. overcrowding will not be a concern in a disaster d. none of the above

a. 30 ft^2

A single pair of rats are capable of producing _______________ litters of young per year. a. 4 to 7 b. 3 to 6 c. 1 to 2 d. 8 to 12

a. 4 to 7 (pg. 1137)

Shucked shellfish must be stored at ___________F or less. a. 40 b. 42 c. 47 d. 32

a. 40 (pg. 970)

Residential cesspool and septic tank soil absorption systems discharge: a. 400 million gallons of sewage into the ground each year b. 800 billion gallons of sewage into the ground each year c. 800 million gallons of sewage into the ground each year d. 2 billion gallons of sewage into the ground each year

a. 400 million gallons of sewage into the ground each year

Methane in the presence of air is explosive at concentrations between a. 5 and 15 percent b. 3 and 5 percent c. 20 and 25 percent d. 50 and 60 percent

a. 5 and 15 percent

The best single measure of polluted water is: a. 5 day BOD b. 5 day COD c. 7 day BOD d. 7 day COD

a. 5 day BOD

Short term exposure to formaldehyde levels above __________ can cause serious health or life threatening reactions. a. 50 ppm b. 20 ppm c. 10 ppm d. 0.5 ppm

a. 50 ppm (pg. 1221)

How much earth should be placed on refuse at the end of the day? a. 6 inches b. 12 inches c. 24 inches

a. 6 inches

Showers must be provided at hazardous waste cleanup sites when operations will last longer than: a. 6 months b. 1 month c. 12 months d. 24 months

a. 6 months

Water in wading pools should be completely recirculated every: a. 60 minutes b. 90 minutes c. 120 minutes d. 180 minutes

a. 60 minutes

Water in wading pools should be completely recirculated every: a. 60 minutes b. 90 minutes c. 6 hours d. 24 hours

a. 60 minutes

The EPA requires that toxic waste incinerators achieve a destruction and removal rate of ___________ before the material is landfilled. a. 99.99% b. 95% c. 98% d. 15%

a. 99.99%

Porosity is: a. A measure of the amount of water that can be held by a rock in its pores or voids, expressed as a percentage of the total volume b. The rate of water at 60 F, in gallons per day, through a cross section of 1 ft^2 under a head of 1 ft per ft of water travel c. The amount of water that will drain out of saturated rock or soil by gravity d. The direct relationship between permeability and specific yield

a. A measure of the amount of water that can be held by a rock in its pores or voids, expressed as a percentage of the total volume

Air monitoring at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites can be conducted by: a. A person knowledgeable about industrial hygiene practices b. Any person who can operate air monitoring instruments c. All EPA and OSHA personnel d. All hazardous waste workers

a. A person knowledgeable about industrial hygiene practices

Which one of the following statements is true? a. Adults are wakened by noise more easily than children b. Healthy individuals are more affected by noise than ill persons c. Middle-aged individuals are more sensitive to noise than are elderly persons d. Men are more easily disturbed by noise than women

a. Adults are wakened by noise more easily than children

Which of the following is the best method of backflow control? a. Air gap separation b. Vacuum breaker c. Backflow preventer d. Barometric loops

a. Air gap separation

Objectionable tastes and odors in public water supplies are, in a great majority of cases, due to the presence of: a. Algae and protozoa b. Animal remains c. Dissolved oxygen d. Yeasts and molds

a. Algae and protozoa

A chemical commonly used to improve water clarity is: a. Alum b. Muriatic acid c. Hydrogen chloride d. Sodium carbonate

a. Alum

The substance commonly used as a coagulant in water treatment is: a. Aluminum sulfate b. Calcium sulfate c. Potassium sulfate d. Sodium phosphate

a. Aluminum sulfate

This substance is the first product of the decomposition of organic matter. Its presence in water usually indicates "fresh pollution" of sanitary significance. What is it? a. Ammonia b. Sugar c. Carbon dioxide d. Hydrogen sulfide

a. Ammonia

The "Ozone Hole" was first noticed in: a. Antarctica b. the Arctic c. Canada d. Chile

a. Antarctica (pg. 59)

Back-siphonage may be prevented by all of the following methods except: a. Barometric loop b. Vaccum breakers c. Air gap seperation d. Backpressure units

a. Barometric loop

Eye irritation can be caused by prolonged exposure to water with a pH: a. Below 7.4 b. Above 7.4 c. Of 7.0 d. Between 7.6 and 8.8

a. Below 7.4 and c. Of 7.0

Neutralization and detoxification are feasible with most if the organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, but not with the: a. Chlorinated hydrocarbons b. Acids c. Bases d. All of the above

a. Chlorinated hydrocarbons

___________ is a satisfactory method for disinfecting water that is not grossly polluted (refer to chapter 3). a. Chlorination b. Fuorination c. Oxygenation d. CO, treatment

a. Chlorination

Which of the following chemicals is most widely used to destroy microorganisms? a. Chlorine b. Copper sulfate c. Chloramine d. Hydrogen sulfate

a. Chlorine

What are the fundamental steps involved in the control of organic chemicals in drinking water? a. Conduct sanitary surveys to identify sources, types and amounts of pollutants b. Identify pollutants and select treatment methods c. Contact higher level regulatory authorities for consultation d. Upgrade water treatment plants

a. Conduct sanitary surveys to identify sources, types and amounts of pollutants

One of the ways to recognize a well designed and properly operated pool is when you find the water after inspection to be: a. Crystal clear with around 1 mg/l chlorine, and a pH level of 7.4 b. Crystal clear with around 1 mg/l chlorine, and a pH level of 8.4 c. Crystal clear with around .5 mg/l chlorine, and a pH level of 6.8 d. Crystal clear with around 2.5 mg/l chlorine, and a pH level of 7

a. Crystal clear with around 1 mg/l chlorine, and a pH level of 7.4

Which of the following is not included in hazardous waste regulations? a. Domestic sewage b. Flammable liquids c. Corrosive liquids d. None of the above

a. Domestic sewage

In 1984, RCRA was amended to require __________ or the equivalent, at hazardous waste landfills. a. Double liners b. Auxiliary incinerators c. EPA coordinators d. All of the above

a. Double liners

What are examples of groundwater systems? a. Dug, bored, driven, drilled wells; rock, sand or earth springs; infiltration galleries b. Water located no deeper than 400 feet c. Direct municipal wastewater systems d. Lake, reservoir, stream, pond, river, and creek supplies

a. Dug, bored, driven, drilled wells; rock, sand or earth springs; infiltration galleries

Who establishes tolerance levels of pesticides? a. EPA b. FDA c. OSHA d. USDA

a. EPA

The acidity-alkalinity balance affects eye irritation, water coagulation and the: a. Effectiveness of chlorine b. Ambient water temperature c. Effectiveness of the skimmers d. Evaporation rate

a. Effectiveness of chlorine

The acidity-alkalinity balance affects eye irritation, water coagulation, and the: a. Effectiveness of chlorine b. Ambient water temperature c. Effectiveness of the skimmers d. Evaporation rate

a. Effectiveness of chlorine

A chlorine concentration of 30 ppm in a drinking water supply is: a. Excessive b. Just right c. Too low d. Would not kill E.coli

a. Excessive

The presence of bacteria responsible for typhoid fever in a public water supply could be traced to: a. Fecal contamination b. Excessive water aeration c. Pus from skin lesions d. Rotting animal and fish remains

a. Fecal contamination

The main drain should have a grate that is ___________ the area of the discharge pipe to prevent dangerous suction effects. a. Four times b. Five times c. Six times d. Two times

a. Four times

The most hazardous category of nuclear emergency is: a. General emergency b. Unusual event c. Site area emergency d. Alert

a. General emergency

The gas causing the distinct "rotten egg" odor in many water sources is: a. Hydrogen sulfide b. Carbon dioxide c. Chlorine gas d. Hydrogen carbonate

a. Hydrogen sulfide

Residents of which of the following cities would probably receive the most cosmic radiation? a. Lake Placid b. Miami c. Los Angeles d. New York

a. Lake Placid

It has been found that pools less than 30 feet wide with a surface area less than 1600ft2: a. May utilize skimmers instead of gutters b. May utilize gutters rather than skimmers c. Are not required to have disinfectant feeders d. Do not have to use continuous equipment operation

a. May utilize skimmers instead of gutters

The greatest number of casualties as the result of air pollution occurred in: a. Meuse River Valley, Belgium b. London, England c. Los Angeles, CA d. Donora, PA

a. Meuse River Valley, Belgium

Which is the standard measure for water turbidity? a. Nephelometric Turbidity Unit b. Siple Turbidity Unit c. Formazin Turbidity Unit d. Jackson Turbidity Unit

a. Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

The control of bloodborne pathogens is regulated by: a. OSHA b. USDA c. NIH d. CDC

a. OSHA (pg. 49)

Lakes having characteristics of being clean, high in DO, deep, and receiving few nutrients are: a. Oligotrophic b. Meotrophic c. Euphoric d. Eutrophic

a. Oligotrophic

The preferred method for controlling sewage from watercraft is the use of: a. On-board holding tanks b. Overboard discharge c. Incinerator toilet d. Compost toilet

a. On-board holding tanks

The preferred method for controlling sewage from watercraft is the use of: a. On-board holding tanks b. Overboard discharges when there is a large body of water to dump into c. Incinerator toilets d. Comport toilets

a. On-board holding tanks

When chlorine is added to water: a. One acid is formed b. Two acids are formed c. HCl is considered the primary product d. Ozone is produced in large quantities

a. One acid is formed

When chlorine is added to water: a. One acid is formed b. Two primary acids are formed c. I-IC1 is considered the primary product d. Ozone is produced in large quntities

a. One acid is formed

What statement concerning ozone is incorrect? a. Ozone residual can last several hours b. Ozone is a faster disinfectant than chlorine c. Ozone is more expensive than chlorine d. All statements are correct

a. Ozone residual can last several hours

What type of air pollution causes loss of chlorophyll in plants? a. PAN b. sulfur dioxide c. industries processing hazardous wastes d. high motor vehicle traffic

a. PAN (pg. 772)

The quiescent settling of water such as would occur in a reservoir, lake or basin without the aid of chemicals is known as: a. Plain sedimentation b. Coagulation c. Settling d. Flocculation

a. Plain sedimentation

Heating of air, gas, or gas mixture up to 9035 F for the thermal destruction of hazardous wastes describes a process called: a. Plasma pyrolysis technology b. Rotary Kiln incineration c. Fuel blending d. None of the above

a. Plasma pyrolysis technology

Mosquitoes are responsible for all except: a. Q fever b. malaria c. encephalitis d. yellow fever

a. Q fever

The act that authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to work in partnership with state and local governments in the area of anti-noise programs was the: a. Quiet Communities Act b. Noise Control Act c. Noise Abatement Act d. Environmental Noise Pollution Act

a. Quiet Communities Act

Some studies indicate that swimmers have a higher over-all illness rate than non-swimmers: a. Regardless of bathing and water quality b. Due to poor regulatory practice c. If they are over 50 years of age d. If they swim in pools

a. Regardless of bathing and water quality

Some studies indicate that swimmers have a higher over-all illness rate than non-swimmers: a. Regardless of bathing water quality b. Due to poor regulatory practice c. If they are over 50 years of age d. If they swim only in pools

a. Regardless of bathing water quality

Typically, an abundant supply of groundwater may be yielded from: a. Sedimentary rocks b. Molten rocks c. Igneous rocks d. Metamorphic rocks

a. Sedimentary rocks

Which soil has the greatest % porosity? a. Silt b. Uniform sand c. Gravel d. Sandstone

a. Silt

The site control program at an uncontrolled hazardous waste site must include: a. Site work zones b. Times when EPA is likely to inspect c. Medical surveillance requirements d. None of the above

a. Site work zones

By Definition, under RCRA hazardous wastes are _____ wastes. a. Solid b. Natural c. Gray d. None of the above

a. Solid

In business districts, refuse, including garbage from hotels and restaurants, should be collected daily, except on a. Sundays b. Saturdays (usually the busiest days) c. Mondays d. Saturdays and Sundays

a. Sundays

A general rule when surface waters are used for drinking water supplies is: a. That they must be considered contaminated b. That fluorides must be used c. That they require softening d. Aeration is usually required

a. That they must be considered contaminated

The formula (Volume of pool/(Pump flow rate (GPM) x 60 minutes))=turnover rate, will tell us: a. The number of hours it takes for the entire calculated water volume of the pool to pass through the filters b. The efficiency rate of the pumps c. The gallons per minute flow rate d. The chlorine demand per day

a. The number of hours it takes for the entire calculated water volume of the pool to pass through the filters

If a series of three consecutive water samples from one supply sall showed the presence of E.coli when each sample was run through presumptive, confirmed, and completed tests, the most logical interpretation would be: a. The supply was possibly exposed to human fecal contamination b. The samples were probably collected in dirty bottles c. The sample bottles may have had sodium thiosulfate in them d. The lab technician stuck his thumb in the samples, or had contaminated media

a. The supply was possibly exposed to human fecal contamination

A sanitary survey of a water system is necessary for what reason? a. To determine the safety and the adequacy of the water supply b. To determine how much iron is in a water supply c. To determine what size pump is needed for the water system d. To determine whether the water system is hard or soft

a. To determine the safety and the adequacy of the water supply

The pool must be designed: a. To fit the expected number of swimmers b. With oversized filters to meet unexpected peak demands c. With oversized pumps to meet peak demands d. With a variety of filter types to provide filtering options for the operator

a. To fit the expected number of swimmers

Groundwater in the soil travels up through a plant's root system and then comes out from the leaf structure as: a. Transpiration b. Sublimation c. Evaporation d. Condensation

a. Transpiration

Any time a MCL is exceeded the NTNCWS must give notice by continuous posting in a conspicuous location within the area served by the water system. a. True b. False

a. True

The Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is the highest concentration of a contaminant that is allowable in a water system. a. True b. False

a. True

There is no need for this vaccination after flooding and other natural disasters, although it is frequently cause for public concern. a. Typhoid b. Measles c. AIDS d. Tick fever

a. Typhoid

The release of genetically engineered materials to the environment is regulated by: a. USDA and EPA b. NIH and CDC c. EPA and AEC d. FDA and PHS

a. USDA and EPA (pg. 49)

HAZWOPER requirements apply to: a. Voluntary clean-ups at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites b. Routine sanitary sewer operations c. Small quantity generators of hazardous waste d. Water treatment plant operators

a. Voluntary clean-ups at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites

The goal for hazardous waste management should be: a. Zero discharge b. Increased generation c. More regulations d. Both b and c

a. Zero discharge

The housing code, regardless of who promulgates it, is (answer found in chapter 2): a. a complex environmental health code requiring the involvement of environmental health scientists and sanitarians b. best left in building and housing departments not associated with the management of environmental health and protection issues c. not a good utilization of the expertise of the environmental health professional d. a program that does not require refined management skills

a. a complex environmental health code requiring the involvement of environmental health scientists and sanitarians (pg. 160)

Soil sterilants are a type of herbicide which are: a. absorbed by the plant root system b. applied to the leaves of the plant c. not effective while plant growth and development are taking place d. both b and c

a. absorbed by the plant root system (pg. 1153)

Venturi scrubbers, spray towels and packed towers are examples of what type of waste treatment methods? a. absorption b. adsorption c. dialysis d. filtration

a. absorption

The high moisture content of vent gases create: a. acids which eat away at the mortar in the chimney b. C2H2O c. possible explosion hazard due to combustible gas d. all of the above

a. acids which eat away at the mortar in the chimney (pg. 1229)

A major problem associated with methyl mercury is its: a. affinity for fetal tissue b. ability to become friable c. use in manufacturing d. inclusion house paint

a. affinity for fetal tissue

Which one of the following is least penetrating? a. alpha rays b. beta rays c. gamma rays d. x-rays

a. alpha rays

Which one of the following diseases do rats not act as the intermediate host? a. amoebic dysentery b. endemic typhus c. plague d. Weil's disease

a. amoebic dysentery

The implementation of a biosafety program begins with: a. an assessment of risk b. the development of a biosafety manual c. training the laboratory personnel d. consultation with CDC and NIH

a. an assessment of risk (pg. 50)

Which of the following are least important in reducing sewage to "soil," liquids, and gases? a. anaerobic bacteria b. earthworms c. protozoa d. aerobic bacteria

a. anaerobic bacteria (pg. 493)

At a trial, the technical person called as a witness should: a. answer all questions truthfully and directly b. refer to notes given by the prosecuting attorney c. volunteer as much information as possible to all questions d. refuse to answer questions he feels are improper

a. answer all questions truthfully and directly

Which one of the following is most hazardous to human health? a. asbestos b. sulfur dioxide c. ozone d. nitrogen oxide

a. asbestos

Resource recovery and reduction of solid wastes should start a. at the point of generation b. at the sanitary landfill c. in the home d. at the transfer station

a. at the point of generation

Imhoff tanks used for sewage disposal are primarily dependent upon the action of: a. bacterial decomposition b. high temperatures c. chemical disinfectants d. water dilution

a. bacterial decomposition

Leachate containing primarily low molecular weight organic compounds are best treated by a. biological methods b. physical chemical methods c. physical methods d. both a and b above

a. biological methods

Pesticides used in cockroach control: a. cannot overcome good sanitation b. should leave no residual c. must be applied on a regular basis to be effective d. need only be sprayed in the air

a. cannot overcome good sanitation

Which of the following is not an explosive component of sewer gas? a. carbon dioxide b. carbon monoxide c. hydrogen sulfide d. methane

a. carbon dioxide (pg. 640)

The relationship between the photosynthetic rate of green plants and the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may aptly be termed: a. carbon dioxide fertilization b. plant/ atmosphere ratio c. oxygen deprivation ratio d. photosynthetic ratio

a. carbon dioxide fertilization

National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been set for all of the following except: a. carbon dioxides b. sulfur dioxides c. nitrogen oxide d. carbon monoxides

a. carbon dioxides

The major target for damage associated with ultraviolet radiation is: a. cellular DNA b. the skin c. the eyes d. the liver

a. cellular DNA

In the APHA method of measuring housing quality, which of the following would be considered a minor deficiency if found inadequate? a. central heating b. water supply located outside of living unit c. lack of windows to the outside d. minimum of two exits in case of fire

a. central heating (pg. 1169)

Which one of the following has been identified as the major source of adult lead exposure? a. ceramic coffee mugs b. pewter goblets c. bone china dinnerware d. foil capsules on wine bottles

a. ceramic coffee mugs

The "defense in depth" concept that is used in constructing nuclear plants is: a. characterized by repeated layers of thick shielding materials b. based on the assumption that accidents will seldom happen with the plants c. designed to prevent explosions in case of an accident d. designed to keep fissionable materials from coming in contact with each other in case of accidents

a. characterized by repeated layers of thick shielding materials

A water or foodborne disease outbreak with a short incubation period is likely because of: a. chemical poisoning b. schistosomiasis c. salmonellosis d. shigella

a. chemical poisoning

CFCs are widely used because of their: a. chemical stability b. cost c. high toxicity d. atmospheric lifetime

a. chemical stability (pg. 64)

The most characteristic symptom of individuals occupationally exposed to PCBs is: a. chloracne b. liver cancer c. visual disturbance d. physical tremor

a. chloracne (a skin disease resembling severe acne, caused by exposure to chlorinated chemicals.)

Decontamination solvents must be: a. disposed of properly b. reused continuously until the site clean-up is complete c. inspected by OSHA personnel d. inspected by EPA personnel

a. disposed of properly

Perhaps the most significant long-term effect of dioxin exposure appears to be: a. disruption of hormonal regulation of reproduction b. possibility of liver cancer c. teratogenic effects on the unborn d. development of tissue affinity for other toxic substances

a. disruption of hormonal regulation of reproduction

To prove in court that a septic tank is polluting a stream, the best evidence is to show that: a. dye placed in the septic tank appears in the stream b. organisms of the coli aerogenes group are present in the stream c. fish are killed at the point of pollution d. the stream has a septic odor and appearance

a. dye placed in the septic tank appears in the stream

The most suitable soil for cover material at a landfill site is one that is a. easily worked and minimizes infiltration b. relatively porous and rich in nitrogen c. most convenient to the site and always available d. dug from the trenches where the waste will be deposited

a. easily worked and minimizes infiltration

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus? a. encephalitis b. malaria c. Q fever d. tetanus

a. encephalitis

The reason fallout levels from Chernobyl were considerably less than might have been anticipated was: a. favorable weather conditions prevailed b. there was a river nearby that diluted the waste quickly c. the explosion blew the material away from population centers d. the immediate reaction of soviet "disaster fighters"

a. favorable weather conditions prevailed

When sewage treatment lagoons are excavated from fractured rock such as slate or shale, these is a danger that if sewage is stored in these lagoons, the sewage may: a. flow untreated through the rock fractures and contaminate aquifers b. react chemically with the rock and emit toxic gases c. evaporate too quickly and cause an odor nuisance d. plug the rock fractures and not percolate into the ground

a. flow untreated through the rock fractures and contaminate aquifers

According to EPA which is not a characteristic of hazardous waste. a. friability b. toxicity c. reactivity d. corrosivity

a. friability

The grinding of garbage is an acceptable method of a. garbage disposal b. volume reduction c. wet oxidation d. energy recovery

a. garbage disposal

Under RCRA, the EPA has developed standards and procedures that must be followed be all persons that: a. generate, transport, treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste b. generate, transport, store and dispose of hazardous waste c. generate, transport and dispose of hazardous waste d. treat of hazardous waste

a. generate, transport, treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste

When trying to establish economical hauling, what is most important? a. hauling time b. hauling distance c. means of hauling d. what is being hauled

a. hauling time

When selecting a location for a sanitary landfill, which is correct? a. hauling time is more important than hauling distance b. hauling distance is more important than hauling time c. disposal site should be located in a remote area d. land area should provide usage for 5 to 10 years

a. hauling time is more important than hauling distance

It is most likely that the greatest temperature increases as a result of global warming will occur in: a. high latitude regions of the northern hemisphere b. mid-latitude regions of the world c. southern latitude regions of the northern hemisphere d. near the polar cap of the southern hemisphere

a. high latitude regions of the northern hemisphere

The four major causes of death among all age groups of Americans include all of the following except: a. homicide b. accidents c. malignant neoplasms d. heart disease

a. homicide

Which of the following are not typically members of the infection control committee? a. hospital CEO b. environmental control officer c. infection control nurse d. a physician representative

a. hospital CEO (pg. 1234)

When aerobic synthesis occurs in a landfill, it is expected that the refuse is: a. in the early stages of decomposition b. biologically stable c. chemically inert d. near the final stage of decomposition

a. in the early stages of decomposition

Which of the following is the primary cause of indoor air quality problems? a. inadequate ventilation b. contaminated outside air c. radon d. ragweed

a. inadequate ventilation (pg. 1214)

A major effect of stratospheric ozone layer depletion is: a. increase in incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer b. higher man temperature in the Northern Hemisphere c. increase in phytoplankton population d. increase rate of photosynthesis in plants

a. increase in incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (pg. 60)

Which one of the following is not a potential impact of global warming? a. increased crop yield, particularly of citrus fruits b. loss of biodiversity c. the sea level is likely to rise d. human morbidity and mortality rates are liable to rise

a. increased crop yield, particularly of citrus fruits

Added moisture used in maceration ______ the handling and haul costs of solid waste a. increases b. decreases c. does not change d. sometimes increases or sometimes doesn=t change

a. increases

At the top of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencies list of 18 top cancer risks is: a. indoor air pollution b. sulfur dioxide c. carbon monoxide d. nitrogen dioxide

a. indoor air pollution

The ___ has the responsibility for internal housekeeping and for monitoring all waste discharges in terms of types and quantities a. industry b. NCR c. NEPA d. state health departments

a. industry

Utilization of ___________ will save the agency time and expense through the avoidance of extensive court time and demonstrate that the agency uses legal action only as a measure of last resort. a. informal and formal hearings b. fines and tickets c. condemnation d. targeting low income areas for inspection

a. informal and formal hearings (pg. 1193)

Most pesticide deaths in children and adults in the US are due to: a. inhalation b. ingestion c. absorption d. injection

a. inhalation

The most common occupational exposure to mercury is through: a. inhalation b. absorption c. ingestion d. inoculation

a. inhalation

Which statement is true in regards to outlets and inlets on distribution boxes in sewage disposal systems? a. inlet must be 6 inches higher than outlet b. inlet must be 12 inches higher than outlet c. inlet must be at same level as outet d. inlet and outlet level do not matter

a. inlet must be 6 inches higher than outlet

The objective(s) in pest control should be: a. integrated pest management involving the use of a combination of educational, cultural, biological, physical, chemical, and legal measures, as appropriate b. to control the life cycles and conditions favorable to growth of pests so they will not interfere or harm humans and the environment c. to establish a world-wide network of professionals dedicated to the elimination of pest nuisance and annoyance d. all of the above

a. integrated pest management involving the use of a combination of educational, cultural, biological, physical, chemical, and legal measures, as appropriate (pg. 1099)

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 can be found thriving in the: a. intestines of man and animals b. water c. soil d. air

a. intestines of man and animals (pg. 949)

A yellow to brownish black stain taken during the sediment test: a. is a simple visual indication of the amount of dirt and abnormal substances in the milk b. encourages straining of the milk at the farm rather than cleaning milking procedures c. is an indication of high sediment content from the cow's udder d. reveals unsanitary practices during the milking process

a. is a simple visual indication of the amount of dirt and abnormal substances in the milk (pg. 944)

Grease traps are installed for the purpose of minimizing grease in the sewer system. The trap: a. is not of proven value in many commercial applications b. requires yearly scheduled cleaning c. should be installed close to dishwashing machines d. should always discharge behind the septic tank

a. is not of proven value in many commercial applications

Human disease from aerosols of wastewater: a. is related primarily to wastewater treatment by the activated sludge, trickling filter, and spray irrigation processes b. has been demonstrated from pathogens recovered in aerosols in the spray irrigation of treated wastewater c. may be caused by a very small number of organisms d. is a hazard even to those who has had subclinical infections, and thus should have been immunized

a. is related primarily to wastewater treatment by the activated sludge, trickling filter, and spray irrigation processes (pg. 595)

Sylvatic plague: a. is the name given to an infection in wild rodents of Pasturella pestis b. is a serious disease of man originally described by Sylvania c. was so called because of a curse on the Gausi by Sylvaticus d. was a serious occupational disease of silversmiths during the 16th century

a. is the name given to an infection in wild rodents of Pasturella pestis

Pyrethrum is an important insecticide because: a. it is not toxic to humans b. it has a long lasting residual effect c. it has no odor d. it is more potent than parathion

a. it is not toxic to humans

The four biosafety containment levels consist of a combination of: a. laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facilities b. laboratory techniques, research protocols, and safety equipment c. research protocols, safety training, and laboratory facilities d. laboratory practices, safety training, and research protocols

a. laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facilities (pg. 51)

Perhaps the major problem associated with selecting a sunscreen based on SPF alone is: a. lack of generally-accepted standards for determining SPF b. lack of information available to the public c. getting manufacturers to consistently advertise the products d. getting manufacturers to continually raise the SPF value

a. lack of generally-accepted standards for determining SPF

Bat-proofing should be done in the ____________, when bats are hibernating in caves. a. late fall through winter b. late winter through spring c. early spring only d. mid-summer through early fall

a. late fall through winter (pg. 1150 could be midautumn through spring in NEHA)

Facultative bacteria can: a. live under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions b. live only under aerobic conditions c. live and reproduce with or without moisture d. live only in the soil

a. live under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (pg. 478)

The number 1 cause of asbestos-related mortality is: a. lung cancer b. asbestosis c. multiple myeloma d. gastrointestinal cancner

a. lung cancer

Microwaves are reflected by a. metals b. plastic c. glass d. human tissues

a. metals

Perhaps the most often observed birth defect that is the result of fetal exposure to x-rays is: a. microcephaly b. genital abnormalities c. eye problems d. stunting of growth

a. microcephaly

A "chigger" is the larval stage of the: a. mite b. mosquito c. louse d. flea

a. mite (pg. 1125)

Which is not an essential factor in the combustion phase of an incinerator? a. moisture b. time c. temperature d. turbulence

a. moisture

The majority of nitrogen oxide originates from: a. motor vehicles b. volcanic eruptions c. home waste incineration d. burning of industrial wastes

a. motor vehicles

Hepatitis B vaccinations for employees that work in contamination risk jobs and areas: a. must be offered at no cost b. must be made available to the employees at the employers cost c. are required of all such employees d. are not required due to the non-serious nature of the disease and its difficulty of spread of employee contraction

a. must be offered at no cost

Which one of the following is the greatest genetic concern in terms of exposure to ionizing radiation? a. mutations that accumulate in the gonads b. blood-borne infections c. increased frequency of dominant gene mutations d. chromosomal damage in adolescents

a. mutations that accumulate in the gonads

The only criteria gas that is colored is: a. nitrogen dioxide b. carbon dioxide c. ozone d. sulfur dioxide

a. nitrogen dioxide

Which one of the following is least likely to be a radon emitter? a. obsidian b. granite c. shale d. phosphate

a. obsidian

Malignant melanoma seems to be related to: a. occasional sever sunburn b. using baby oil as a sunscreen c. prolonged, low-dose exposure to sunlight d. the skin that is most exposed to sunlight

a. occasional sever sunburn

Inspections of nonpublic areas can be made by consent of the owner of occupant and: a. on the basis of a general administrative plan b. whenever premises are vacant c. whenever premises are unlocked d. without regard to requests or demands that inspectors leave the premises

a. on the basis of a general administrative plan (pg. 1287)

Of the shellfish listed below, the ones most likely to cause illness are: a. oysters b. crabs c. shrimp d. lobsters

a. oysters (pg. 966)

Which of the following is non-toxic to aquatic organisms, a good viricide, and adds oxygen to treated wastewater effluents? a. ozone b. calcium hypochlorite c. sulfur dioxide d. chlorine dioxide

a. ozone (pg. 586)

Pollutants in the ambient air most associated with heightened risk of death and disease are: a. particulate b. sulfur dioxides c. nitrogen oxides d. ozone

a. particulate

Which term is used to show the exposure of large populations to low level radiation? a. person-rem b. gamma-rem c. radiation-rem d. quantum-rem

a. person-rem

The reason acid rainfall is a politically-charged issue is: a. pollutant emissions involved may be produced many miles from the regions suffering the effects b. political parties cannot agree on the penalties to impose on industries that created the problem c. local governments don't trust the "directives" of "big" government when it comes to environmental issues d. few representatives from business and industry were consulted as to the potential solution to the problem

a. pollutant emissions involved may be produced many miles from the regions suffering the effects

In general, noise levels are directly related to the: a. population density b. proximity of airports c. number of "boom boxes" sold d. industrialization of an area

a. population density

Which one of the following could produce the sudden release of lead that has been stored in the bones into the bloodstream? a. pregnancy b. hypothermia c. stress d. exhaustion

a. pregnancy

Which of the following is not a type of hazardous waste incinerator? a. pressurized b. fluidized c. fixed hearth d. rotary kiln

a. pressurized

The protection of personnel and immediate laboratory environment from exposure to infectious agents by good microbiological technique and safety equipment is called: a. primary containment b. secondary containment c. tertiary containment d. none of the above

a. primary containment (pg. 6)

Setting levels of pollutants that are intended to safeguard human health yet allow a margin of safety to protect more vulnerable segments of the population are called: a. primary standards b. secondary standards c. tertiary standards d. remedial standards

a. primary standards

A major problem associated with the milling of uranium ore is the: a. production of radioactive tailings b. contamination of those who do the milling c. tracking of radioactive particles to other areas, by workers d. disposal of the waste products

a. production of radioactive tailings

What is the best assurance of satisfactory operation of a properly designed and constructed septic tank system? a. proper maintenance b. large dosages of bacteria c. one quart of lime down the line every month d. the use of numerous additives available

a. proper maintenance (pg. 519)

The NODAK system is designed to: a. protect ground water b. decrease surface area c. allow evaporation of most liquids d. none of the above

a. protect ground water (pg. 554)

Which of the following is not one of the four characteristics of hazardous wastes as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency? a. radioactivity b. toxicity c. explosive d. all of the above

a. radioactivity

The best preventive measure for poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac is: a. recognition of the plant and its avoidance b. wearing clothing that appropriately covers the body c. applying an effective weed killer d. none of the above

a. recognition of the plant and its avoidance (pg. 1152 could be all of the above in NEHA if it have applying a barrier skin cream)

An example of a single dose rodenticide is: a. red squill b. warfarin c. malathion d. chlordane

a. red squill (pg. 1143)

What method is most effective to eliminate pigeons? a. remove sources of food, water, and harborage b. use grounded electric wires c. use professional sharpshooters d. set traps in roosts

a. remove sources of food, water, and harborage

Laboratories working with infectious agents have been shown to: a. represent no threat to the community b. represent a real and continuous threat to the community c. represent a growing danger to the environment d. none of the above

a. represent no threat to the community (pg. 2)

A measure of the probability and severity of adverse effects under specific conditions best describes a. risk b. hazard c. exposure d. toxicity

a. risk

Minimum APHA/PHS standards for housing include: a. running water piped in b. 50 square feet of parking per unit c. an air conditioner in each unit in tropical areas d. a dehumidifier in each unit

a. running water piped in (pg. 1170)

Which bacteria in large numbers can survive extended storage in cheddar cheese? a. salmonella ssp b. brucella ssp c. shigella ssp d. clostridium perfringens

a. salmonella ssp (pg. 910)

What type soil is most desirable as a landfill cover? a. sandy loam b. clay c. sand d. gravel

a. sandy loam

Depending on the size of the community, there should be a minimum of one man at a landfill site and ______ men per 1000 yard of waste dumped per day that the site is open. a. six b. four c. three d. two

a. six

In recent years, the largest number of rabies cases was associated with: a. skunks b. bats c. dogs d. raccoons

a. skunks

In recent years, the largest number of rabies cases were associated with Choose one answer. a. skunks b. bats c. dogs d. cats

a. skunks

The racks in refrigerators or walk-in coolers must be ________________ to allow circulation of cold air. a. slotted b. solid c. spaced equal distances apart d. none of the above

a. slotted (pg. 983)

A septic tank is used to: a. slow down the movement of raw sewage b. purify the sewage c. eliminate odors d. destroy all solid matter

a. slow down the movement of raw sewage

Garbage reduction melts out fats that are used in manufacturing of a. soaps, glycerines and cosmetics b. glue and cement c. grouting and calk d. fertilizer and cattle feed

a. soaps, glycerines and cosmetics

The Safe New Alternatives Policy program (SNAP): a. specifies alternatives for all ozone-depleting substances b. lists unacceptable alternatives to ozone-depleting substances c. considers only ozone depleting potential d. is based on global warming potential

a. specifies alternatives for all ozone-depleting substances (pg. 62)

The peak seasons for rats to breed in temperate zones are: a. spring and fall b. summer and winter c. winter and spring d. fall and summer

a. spring and fall (pg. 1137)

A major part of the Earth Summit was to: a. stabilize concentrations of greenhouse gases at 1990 levels b. fine nations that did not comply with the accord c. conduct joint national research about the environment d. decrease the amount of fossil fuel consumption

a. stabilize concentrations of greenhouse gases at 1990 levels

The Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS) concept deals with: a. storage of spent nuclear fuel in above-ground casks b. surveillance of nuclear gas emissions from storage areas c. development of special tank cars that will transport nuclear waste to disposal sites d. construction of permanent nuclear waste disposal sites

a. storage of spent nuclear fuel in above-ground casks

Major effects on humans are caused by Los Angeles- and London-type smog, along with what two pollutants? a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride b. sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide c. hydrogen sulfide and peroxacyl nitrates d. ozone and nitrogen dioxide

a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride (pg. 771)

The National Safety council reported that solid waste collection workers have an injury frequency approximately ______ times the national average for all industry. a. ten b. two c. three d. five

a. ten

The historical significance of the Montreal Protocol is: a. the agreement among nations of the world to work together to prevent a disaster of global proportions b. it represented an international response to a public outcry c. it eliminated halon production from the world d. it stopped the expansion of the "hole in the sky"

a. the agreement among nations of the world to work together to prevent a disaster of global proportions

The reason that there are differences in the amount of infrared absorption in various climatic regions is because: a. the amount of water vapor varies b. the carbon dioxide content varies c. the ozone layer differs in thickness d. the cloud cover varies

a. the amount of water vapor varies

Hazardous wastes should not be placed in an ordinary sanitary landfill because: a. the wastes could contaminate the surrounding air, land or soil b. people don't like to see these wastes in the same pile as fill c. animals may be harmed by or disseminate the wastes d. people may pilfer wastes and be harmed by them

a. the wastes could contaminate the surrounding air, land or soil

As milk leaves the cow, it is approximately 90 to 100 F. Prechilling of the milk helps: a. to ensure rapid bulk cooling within the refrigerated bulk tank to the desired temperature of less than 40 F b. to locate toxic chemicals which precipitate upon cooling before they enter the bulk tank c. to detect infected or feverish heifers since cooling sensor readily spot overheated milk d. to mellow the flavor of the final product

a. to ensure rapid bulk cooling within the refrigerated bulk tank to the desired temperature of less than 40 F (pg. 927)

The major reason for the regulation of food establishments is: a. to prevent foodborne illnesses b. to ensure restaurant safety c. to reduce liability d. to increase consumer confidence

a. to prevent foodborne illnesses (pg. 958)

Which of the following are examples of short-range primary pollutants? a. total suspended solids and sulfur dioxide b. sulfur dioxide and ozone c. ozone and acid rain d. total suspended solids and acid rain

a. total suspended solids and sulfur dioxide (pg. 790)

The direction of operation in involving a sanitary landfill should be: a. with the prevailing wind b. perpendicular to the wind c. against the wind d. does not matter

a. with the prevailing wind

What is the most important aspect in controlling roaches? a. use of a strong pesticide b. maintaining good general sanitation c. collection of garbage on a regular basis d. hiring a competent exterminator

b maintaining food general sanitation

The smallest diameter hole through which an average house mouse can pass it: a. .25 inch b. .5 inch c. .75 inch d. 1 inch

b. .5 inch (pg. 1147)

An adult rat requires approximately ____________ of food per day. a. 1 pound b. 1 ounce c. 6 ounces d. 8 ounces

b. 1 ounce (pg. 1140)

An operating free chlorine residual of ___________ is usually required in practice. a. 0.2 ppm b. 1 to 3 mg/liter c. 0.4 to 0.8 mg/liter d. 2 to 5 ppm

b. 1 to 3 mg/liter

Floors in food processing plants, dairy plants, kitchens, and similar places should be sloped toward each drain: a. 1/32 to 1/16 inch per foot b. 1/8 to 1/4 inch per foot c. 1/2 to 1 inch per foot d. 3/4 to 1 1/2 inch per foot

b. 1/8 to 1/4 inch per foot (pg. 899)

The normal economical hauling distance to a refuse disposal site is usually between a. 5 to 10 miles b. 10 to 15 miles c. 15 to 20 miles d. 20 to 25 miles

b. 10 to 15 miles

Even if reduction of the emission of CFCs and other greenhouse gases were accomplished, the effect of what is already in the atmosphere will be exerted for approximately _________ years. a. 50 b. 100 c. 150 d. 200

b. 100

The second step of the combustion process in an incinerator requires a high temperature of at least a. 1500 to 1600 degrees F b. 1500 to 1800 degrees F c. 1900 to 2000 degrees F d. 1800 to 1900 degrees F

b. 1500 to 1800 degrees F

The final rinse water temperature of a heat sanitizing warewashing machine should cause the surface of the dishes and utensils to reach which temp? a. 180 F b. 160 F c. 175 F d. 210 F

b. 160 F (pg. 994)

In the U.S. the first federal attempt to regulate pollutant emissions was enacted in: a. 1950 b. 1955 c. 1960 d. 1965

b. 1955

Mobile homes have been in general production since: a. 1943 b. 1957 c. 1965 d. 1970

b. 1957 (pg. 1231)

"Earth Day" began in: a. 1965 b. 1970 c. 1975 d. 1980

b. 1970

Prior to 2008, there have been no new nuclear reactors ordered by the US utility companies in the US since: a. 1976 b. 1978 c. 1980 d. 1982

b. 1978

The distance between the end of the water supply pipe and the sink should be _____________ times the diameter of the supply pipe. a. 1.5 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2 (pg. 1209)

Campylobacter (C. jejuni/ C. coli, C. fetus subsp. fetus) may be safely used in the laboratory as a minimum at biosafety level: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2 (pg. 50)

The depth of the earth required on the final surface of a sanitary landfill is: a. 6 inches b. 2 feet c. 6 feet d. 3 feet

b. 2 feet

The percentage of electrical energy generated for use in the US by nuclear power plants is approximately: a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

b. 20

What is the permissible 8 hour threshold limit value for H2S? a. 10 ppm b. 20 ppm c. 30 ppm d. 40 ppm

b. 20 ppm

One study of basic sanitation and migrant farm workers found that migrants who did not have access to water and sanitation facilities in the field had a clinic utilization rate for diarrhea: a. 10 times that of rural poor b. 20 times that of urban poor c. 15 times that of urban poor d. 20 times that of rural poor

b. 20 times that of urban poor

Most ragweed pollen grains settle to the ground within about: a. 48 hours after being airborne b. 200 feet of their source c. 24 hours after being airborne d. 500 feet of their source

b. 200 feet of their source (pg. 1155)

Those involved in hazardous waste operations at permitted TSD facilities must receive ____________ of initial training. a. 16 hours b. 24 hours c. 40 hours d. 8 hours

b. 24 hours

Workers involved in waste operations at hazardous waste TSD facilities are required to receive at least __________ of training before working in hazardous waste operations. a. 16 hours b. 24 hours c. 4 hours d. None of the above

b. 24 hours

The detention time for wastewater in a septic tank is recommended to be: a. 6 to 12 hours b. 24 to 72 hours c. 1 week d. none of the above

b. 24 to 72 hours (pg. 519)

Concentrations of less than ____________ pollen grains/m^3 of air in a 24-hour period usually do not produce allergic reactions. a. 25 b. 33 c. 100 d. 1000

b. 33 (pg. 1155)

What is considered to be the best single strength measure of wastewater polluted water containing degradable waste? a. DO b. 5-day BOD c. COD d. Total coliform

b. 5-day BOD

Hardness in drinking water is desirable at levels of: a. 80 to 150 mg/l b. 50 to 80 mg/l c. 0 to 50 mg/l d. 600 to 800 mg/l

b. 50 to 80 mg/l

The distance between the field lines or tiles must be a minimum of _____________feet in a treatment absorption field arrangement. a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12

b. 6 (pg. 530)

A pool filtration system should filter the entire calculated volume of water every: a. 2 to 3 hours b. 6 to 8 hours c. 10 to 12 hours d. 12 to 24 hours

b. 6 to 8 hours

A pool filtration system should filter the entire volume of water a minimum of every: a. 2 to 3 hours b. 6 to 8 hours c. 10 to 12 hours d. 13 to 24 hours

b. 6 to 8 hours

Which pH could cause the least eye irritation? a. 7 b. 7.6 c. 8.2 d. 6.8

b. 7.6

The valley or ravine landfill method utilizes "lifts" from the bottom up with depths usually of a. 6 to 8 feet b. 8 to 10 feet c. 10 to 12 feet d. 12 to 14 feet

b. 8 to 10 feet

What is the first step in evaluating the safety of a potential water system? a. The frequency with which source and distribution system water \samples are collected b. A detailed sanitary survey of the water supply c. The standard plate count for bacterial examination d. The results of a bacterial chemical examination

b. A detailed sanitary survey of the water supply

Back-siphonage is likely to result if: a. There is unequal pressure on either side of a siphon b. A potable water line is connected with a non-potable water supply used for fire fighting c. Pressure builds up in a sewer line because of blockage d. The water seal in a kitchen trap is siphoned out

b. A potable water line is connected with a non-potable water supply used for fire fighting

The presence of which of the following elements in water treatment plant effluent is used as a measure of filtration efficiency? a. Copper b. Aluminum c. Zinc d. Lead

b. Aluminum

The proper method of obtaining a sample of tap water for bacteriological analysis is to collect the sample from a tap that has: a. Been opened for 2-3 minutes, holding the sample bottle by the neck and filling it to about an inch from the top b. Been opened for 2-3 minutes, holding the sample bottle near the base and filling it within one inch of the top c. Been opened for 1 minute, holding the sample bottle near the neck and filling it to the top d. Just been opened, holding the sample bottle near the base and filling it to the top

b. Been opened for 2-3 minutes, holding the sample bottle near the base and filling it within one inch of the top

Which of the following is not considered a satisfactory solution to the problem of chemical contamination in well systems? a. Abandoning the well b. Boiling the water c. Connecting to a public water system d. Building a new, properly constructed, drilled well

b. Boiling the water

The Langelier index is used to determine the point of stability of: a. Aluminum sulfate b. Calcium carbonate c. Water pH d. HOC1

b. Calcium carbonate

Information and advice on what to do with hazardous waste when spilled in a transportation accident is available 24 hours a day from the: a. RCRA/Superfund hotline b. Chemical Emergency Center (CHEMTREC) c. EPA administrator d. None of the above

b. Chemical Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)

Masonry reservoirs of rural water supplies are called: a. Leaching pits b. Cisterns c. Cesspools d. Seepage pits

b. Cisterns

The presence of which of the following is most easily identified by laboratory analysis in water contaminated by feces? a. Shigella dysenteriae b. Coliform c. Entamoeba histolytica d. Salmonella typhosa

b. Coliform

What bacterial group is indicative of fecal contamination or sewage pollution? a. Pseudomonas b. Coliform c. Salmonella d. All of the above

b. Coliform

What public health factor is of primary importance in determining the sanitary quality of recreational waters? a. Heavy metals b. Coliforms c. Human waste d. Solid waste

b. Coliforms

Which of the following is not a commonly accepted method or device to prevent back-siphonage? a. Vaccum breakers b. Cross-connections c. Air gap seperation d. Back pressure units

b. Cross-connections

What is the primary reason the pH of a pool should stay less than 8? a. Causes skin irritation b. Decreases the amount of active chlorine available c. Promotes growth of coliform d. Attacks concrete walls

b. Decreases the amount of active chlorine available

Aeration is advantageous in the treatment of water containing: a. Phosphorus and manganese b. Dissolved iron and manganese c. Magnesium and iron d. Phosphorus and iron

b. Dissolved iron and manganese

Trihalomethanes are synthetic organic chemicals primarily created: a. During the coagulation process b. During the pre-chlorination process c. During reverse osmosis d. During the post-chlorination process

b. During the pre-chlorination process

Which of the following is not true concerning sewage and disease hazards? a. all sewage should be considered contaminated with disease-producing organisms b. Entamoeba histolytica, hepatitis viruses, and giardia cysts are easily destroyed by normal chlorination of sewage c. sewage sludge may not be safe to use as a soil builder of fertilizer supplement d. it cannot be assumed that relationships between sewage discharge and diseases do not exist if no clinical cases are reported

b. Entamoeba histolytica, hepatitis viruses, and giardia cysts are easily destroyed by normal chlorination of sewage (pg. 475)

One of the most common reasons for the contamination of wells drilled through rock, clay, or hardpan is: a. Seepage of pollutants through soil b. Failure to seal well casings properly c. Porosity of the rock d. Use of inferior quality well casings

b. Failure to seal well casings properly

One of the most common reasons for the contamination of wells drilled through rock, clay, or hardpan is: a. Seepage of pollutants through the soil b. Failure to seal well casings properly c. Porosity of the rock d. Use of inferior quality well casings

b. Failure to seal well casings properly

The generally prohibited swimmming facility from a public health perspective is a: a. Home outdoor pool b. Fill and draw pool c. Natural flow-through pool d. Recirculating pool

b. Fill and draw pool

The fresh water supply line to the pool must: a. Have a direct solid connection to the public water line b. Fill the pool through an approved air gap c. Have an approved pump hooked to the public water supply line to suck the water to the pool for fast fills d. None of the above

b. Fill the pool through an approved air gap

Which soil condition is most favorable for removal of viruses? a. Sand over gravel b. Fine loamy sand over coarse sand and gravel c. Gravel over semi-porous clay d. Coarse sand and gravel over fine sand or clay

b. Fine loamy sand over coarse sand and gravel

As you know from previous readings, the composition of soil is very important in the removal of both viruses and bacteria. Which of the following soil conditions is the most favorable for removal of viruses? a. Sand over gravel b. Fine loamy sand over course sand and gravel c. Gravel over semi-porous clay d. Course sand and gravel over fine sand or clay

b. Fine loamy sand over course sand and gravel

The sources of water supply are divided into which of the following major classifications? a. Spring water and well water b. Groundwater and surface water c. Rainwater and river water d. Demineralized water and lake water

b. Groundwater and surface water

The most practical method for removing nitrates from water is: a. Reverse osmosis b. Ion exchange c. Reverse osmosis d. Double reverse osmosis

b. Ion exchange

If water in a stream is at 20 degrees C and has nine mg of oxygen per liter: a. It would be reasonable to assume the stream was grossly polluted b. It would probably be comfortable from rainbow trout c. It would be safe for drinking d. Has too little oxygen for even catfish to live in

b. It would probably be comfortable from rainbow trout

The largest outbreak of cadmium poisoning thus far documented occurred in: a. Brazil b. Japan c. Mexico d. United States

b. Japan

What water constituent has been associated with staining plumbing and clothing dark brown or black? a. Zn b. Mn c. Ag d. Ca

b. Mn

Which of the following is a measure of the amount of light scattered by particles suspended in a water test sample? a. Formazin Turbidity Units (FTU) b. Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) c. Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU) d. Lincoln Turbidity Units (LTU)

b. Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU)

The development and maintenance of an exposure control plan is one requirement of: a. EPA's biomedical waste regulations b. OSHA's bloodborne pathogens regulations c. USDA/APHIS plant genetics regulations d. FIFRA

b. OSHA's bloodborne pathogens regulagtions (pg. 49)

High temperature incineration systems are most suitable to destroy: a. Wastewater b. Organic compounds c. Domestic sewage d. None of the above

b. Organic compounds

The gases frequently found in water that encourage corrosion are: a. Methane and oxygen b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide c. Chlorine and carbon dioxide d. Methane and hydrogen sulfide

b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide

The gases frequently found in water that encourage corrosion are: a. Methane and oxygen b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide c. Chlorine and carbon diozide d. Methane and hydrogen sulfide

b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide

According to the Safe Drinking Water Act, the minimum number of water samples which must be submitted for bacteriological analysis for a public water supply depends upon the: a. Daily population served b. Population served c. Area of the raw water supply d. Amount of water treated

b. Population served

The microbe primarily responsible for skin infections in whirlpools: a. Escherichia coli b. Pseudomonas aeruginosa c. Shigella sonnei d. Salmonella typhimurium

b. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The main function of a sand filter is to: a. Remove tastes and odors b. Remove suspended solids c. Remove dissolved material d. Remove bacteria

b. Remove suspended solids

Swimming pool water clarity is measured in terms of NTU or Nephelometric Turbidity Units. It is recommended that a level of .5 NTU: a. Shall be maintained b. Shall not be exceeded c. Is the minimum level d. Is the maximum level

b. Shall not be exceeded

Swimming pool water clarity is measured in terms of NTU or Nephelometric Turbidity Units. It is recommended that a level of 0.5 NTU: a. Shall be maintained b. Shall not be exceeded c. Is the minimum level d. None of the above

b. Shall not be exceeded

Which is not a measure of water turbidity? a. Nephelometric Turbidity Unit b. Siple Turbidity Unit c. Formazin Turbidity Unit d. Jackson Turbidity Unit

b. Siple Turbidity Unit

Hydro pneumatic or pressure-tank water systems are suitable for: a.Providing sufficient water to meet peak demands for domestic, commercial, and industrial purposes b. Small communities, housing developments, private homes and estates, camps, food service operations, and hotels c. Water storage requirements d. Helping to control watershed runoff

b. Small communities, housing developments, private homes and estates, camps, food service operations, and hotels

The liquid form of chlorine used for emergency disinfection of small volumes of: a. Calcium hypochlorite b. Sodium hypochlorite c. Bromide hypochlorite d. Potassium hypochlorite

b. Sodium hypochlorite

When collecting bacteriological samples that have been chlorinated, what chemical is used to dechlorinate the water? a. Sodium sulfate b. Sodium thiosulfate c. Sodium bisulfate d. Sodium bisulfite

b. Sodium thiosulfate

What conditions would result in the worst case of pipe damage due to corrosion? a. Hard water, low alkalinity, presence of oxygen b. Soft water, low alkalinity, presence of oxygen c. Hard water, high acidity, presence of oxygen d. Soft water, low acidity, presence of oxygen

b. Soft water, low alkalinity, presence of oxygen

The preferred treatment for algae control is: a. Copper sulfate b. Superchlorination c. Quaternary ammonium d. Drain and scrub pool

b. Superchlorination

Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning the presence of coliform organisms in drinking water? a. The drinking water may also be used as a varnish remover b. The drinking water should be considered unsanitary c. The drinking water does not contain toxic chemicals d. All of the above

b. The drinking water should be considered unsanitary

Which one of the following statement is true? a. Dibenzofurans have been associated with babies being born with dark skin discoloration. b. There is no definitive evidence that links PCBs with cancer and other chronic health problems in humans. c. PCB concentration in Lake Michigan has had a major effect on the automobile manufacturing industry. d. A major effect of PCBs is its ability to accumulate in lean body tissues

b. There is no definitive evidence that links PCBs with cancer and other chronic health problems in humans.

Toxicity is determined by a laboratory procedure called the: a. EPA method 012 b. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure c. Method sixteen d. Landfill toxicity screening

b. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are most commonly associated with exposure to: a. tobacco smoke b. UVB c. nuclear waste d. asbestos

b. UVB

Residents of which of the following cities would probably receive the most exposure from naturally occurring radioactive minerals? a. Portland, Oregon b. Vale, Colorado c. Fort Myers, Florida d. Chicago, Illinois

b. Vale, Colorado

Land disposal by hazardous waste regulation includes: a. Incineration b. Waste pile c. Sewer disposal d. Fuel blending

b. Waste pile

It can be assumed that all hazardous waste landfill liners: a. Are designed for all hazardous materials b. Will eventually leak c. Will never leak d. Both a and c

b. Will eventually leak

An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic product which is transmitted from a reservoir to a susceptible host either directly or indirectly is called Choose one answer. a. an infectious disease b. a communicable disease c. a genetic disease d. a noncommunicable disease

b. a communicable disease

The symptoms from contact with poison ivy, oak, and sumac normally appear after: a. 8 to 10 days b. a few hours to 7 days c. 10 to 15 days d. none of the above

b. a few hours to 7 days (pg. 1153)

A biohazard is: a. any material that negatively impacts a biological organism b. a material of biological composition, especially if infective, that constitutes a threat to man or his environment c. a chemical that constitutes a threat to man or his environment d. any virus that causes fatal disease

b. a material of biological composition, especially if infective, that constitutes a threat to man or his environment (pg. 47)

Escherichia coli 0157:117 has become: a. less of a problem due to antibiotics b. a particular problem for producers and users of ground beef c. a minor threat to children d. not a threat to the elderly

b. a particular problem for producers and users of ground beef (pg. 949)

Deep sludge depth, thick fog layer, and the appearance of particles of solids in the effluent from a septic tank is an indication of what? a. a failure in the absorption field b. a septic tank in need of cleaning c. a water line leak d. the need to replace the septic tank

b. a septic tank in need of cleaning (pg. 519)

Stream pollution is sometimes apparent by: a. increased levels of available oxygen in the water b. a zone of degradation c. large numbers of crayfish and cristivomer species d. large numbers of small fish

b. a zone of degradation (pg. 482)

A major concern associated with Chernobyl-style nuclear reactors is: a. the technology used to develop them was not good b. accidental radioactive releases would be sent directly into the atmosphere c. the water used to cool them is already contaminated d. they have no way to decontaminate the materials that emerge as waste products

b. accidental radioactive releases would be sent directly into the atmosphere

The most dangerous of the particulate air pollutants in terms of human health are: a. dust b. aerosols c. pollens d. dirt

b. aerosols

A warrant to conduct a routine inspection of a private dwelling should be obtained only: a. after working hours b. after consent has been refused c. where surprise is important d. in an emergency

b. after consent has been refused

The major source of excessive community noise is: a. industry b. airports c. urban traffic d. building construction

b. airports

Which of the following have little penetrating power and are normally a hazard to health only in the form of internal radiation received through ingestion, inhalation, or open wounds? a. x-rays b. alpha particles c. beta particles d. gamma rays

b. alpha particles

Of the following, the one classified as a compound is: a. aluminum b. ammonia c. nitrogen d. sulfur

b. ammonia

The general administrative plan of an agency program provides the basis for: a. a search warrant b. an administrative warrant c. a seizure d. none of the above

b. an administrative warrant (pg. 1287)

An action authorized by law to restrict or prevent the movement of goods for the protection of public health, safety, and welfare is called: a. an injuction b. an embargo c. an order to cease and desist d. a subpoena

b. an embargo (pg. 1305)

Universal precautions refer to: a. specific respiratory protection used in hospitals b. an infection control measure in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious c. procedures used when handling hazardous wastes d. none of the above

b. an infection control measure in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious (pg. 49)

Which statement is correct in regards to methane gas production? a. aerobic methane gas-producing bacteria produce methane b. anaerobic methane gas-producing bacteria produce methane c. acidic conditions prohibit methane production d. acidic conditions do not influence methane production

b. anaerobic methane gas-producing bacteria produce methane

How often should residential septic tanks be inspected? a. monthly b. annually c. bimonthly d. every 3-5 years

b. annually

The type of sanitary landfill that should be developed on essentially flat land sited in dry areas is: a. depression landfills b. area landfills c. progressive excavation landfills d. cut and cover landfills

b. area landfills

Which one of the following is not a man-made toxic substances? a. polychlorinated biphenyls b. asbestos c. dioxin d. cadmium

b. asbestos

Inspection report forms are primarily tools used to: a. enforce regulations b. assure complete investigations and compliance with uniform policy c. assure complete compliance d. motivate management supervision

b. assure complete investigations and compliance with uniform policy (pg. 961)

The quality of milk reaching the ultimate consumer is largely determined: a. at the plant, where processing and handling occurs b. at the farm, where milk is produced c. by the USDA, through stringent testing and laboratory analysis d. by the FDA in accordance with Federal regulations

b. at the farm, where milk is produced (pg. 926)

Which one of the following sources of noise has been declining slightly in recent years? a. motorcycle b. automobile c. aircraft d. industrial

b. automobile

If radon is a problem in your area, the following locations would be rooms of higher risks: a. areas with showers and flood drains b. basements c. washrooms d. all of the above

b. basements (pg. 1222)

When first considering the control of houseflies, roaches, and rats, the primary emphasis should be on: a. pesticides that are not harmful to children and pets b. basic community environmental sanitation to eliminate the conditions that make possible their survival and reproduction c. types of diseases that could possibly be transmitted and the signs and symptoms of each d. their resistance to various pesticide groupings

b. basic community environmental sanitation to eliminate the conditions that make possible their survival and reproduction (pg. 1099)

The process of a toxic substance being increasingly stored in body tissue is called: a. biomass b. bioaccumulation c. biomagnification d. biodiversification

b. bioaccumulation

Fungal spores, bacteria, and animal dander are examples of: a. particulate matter b. biological pollutants c. allergens d. pathogens

b. biological pollutants

Which is not another name for the Norway Rat (rattus norvegicus)? a. sewer b. black c. brown d. wharf

b. black

The wastewater from a water closet and latrine or aqua privy flushing is referred to as: a. gray water b. black water c. green water d. red water

b. black water (pg. 491)

The variety of rat most common in the US in urban environments is: a. black rat b. brown rat c. roof rat d. white rat

b. brown rat

The sensitivity of an ecosystem to acid precipitation is largely determined by the area's: a. forestation level b. buffering capacity c. number of lakes d. topography

b. buffering capacity

Which of the following items are not natural topographic features? a. rivers b. canals c. foliages d. hills

b. canals (pg. 795)

A major problem associated with occupational exposure to asbetos is: a. chloracne b. cancer c. liver allure d. heart disease

b. cancer

The concept of utility companies brokering government-assigned allowances for sulfur dioxide emissions is called: a. integrated gasification confrontation b. cap and trade c. emission bartering d. desulfurization compromise

b. cap and trade

Which one of the following has not been associated with slowing or halting respiratory tract cilia movement? a. ozone b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen dioxide d. sulfur dioxide

b. carbon dioxide

Which one of the following is most dangerous to humans who have heart problems? a. sulfur dioxide b. carbon monoxide c. nitrogen oxide d. carbon dioxide

b. carbon monoxide

Which of the following is not related to echinococcosis? a. dogs b. cats c. sheep d. tapeworm

b. cats

A treatment for lead exposure that involved administering a drug that binds to lead and facilitates its excretion from the body is called: a. plumbism b. chelation c. plumbum extraction d. frumentum deletion

b. chelation

Which one of the following general human health problems has been definitely associated with general exposure to dioxin? a. liver cancer b. chloracne c. increased incidence of soft tissue sarcoma d. multiple myelomas

b. chloracne

Chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration will remove nearly all bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths if supplemented by: a. desalination b. chlorination c. over 4 feet of loamy soil d. all of the above

b. chlorination (pg. 474)

Perhaps the most significant source of indoor air pollution in terms of particulate levels is: a. radon emission from rock formations b. cigarette smokers c. wood-burning stoves d. inefficient space-heaters

b. cigarette smokers

The key to an effective, long-term, rodent control progam is: a. poisoning b. community sanitation c. trapping d. community sewage treatment

b. community sanitation (pg. 1137)

One of the most important factors contributing to disease transmission of microbiological agents is: a. chlorination b. concentration or dose of microorganisms c. filtration d. flocculation

b. concentration or dose of microorganisms (pg. 474)

Which one of the following is most affected by acid rain? a. Yucca cacti in Arizona b. conifer forests in high elevations c. apple trees in Oregon d. juniper trees in California

b. conifer forests in high elevations

The term "endemic" means Choose one answer. a. sporadic occurrence of an illness b. constant presence of an illness c. all illnesses present at any one time d. an unusually large number of persons with the same illness

b. constant presence of an illness

How often should refuse he compacted during the average work day? a. every hour b. continually c. every two hours d. at the end of the day

b. continually

A license can be revoked for all reasons except: a. fraudulently obtained b. conviction of a crime not related to intended purpose of license c. violations of conditions of license d. engaged in conduct presenting danger to public health or safety

b. conviction of a crime not related to intended purpose of license

The main component of the Montreal Protocol was the: a. elimination of the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers b. cutting back and eventually eliminating the use of chlorofluorocarbons c. increasing research related to the ozone layer depletion d. decreasing subsidies to companies that pollute the air

b. cutting back and eventually eliminating the use of chlorofluorocarbons

A dimensionless unit to express physical intensity or sound pressure levels is called: a. noise level b. decibel c. hertz d. sound pressure level (SPL)

b. decibel (pg. 826)

Under normal operating conditions, public exposure to ionizing radiation from nuclear power plants is primarily from: a. release of water used to cool the plants b. deliberate release of radioactive gas c. removal of waste products from the plant d. leakage from the natural process of radioactive decay

b. deliberate release of radioactive gas

Contamination in a block of ice can be identified by ________ in the geometric center. a. air bubbles b. discoloration c. crystallization d. separation of the core section

b. discoloration (pg. 921)

Which component of solid waste storage, collection and disposal must be subsidized from the other? a. no part requires subsidy from the other b. disposal from collection fees c. collection from disposal fees d. recycling takes care of any needed subsidy

b. disposal from collection fees

Probably the best understood type of microwave induced injury involves: a. the skin b. excessive heating of internal organs c. the liver d. squamous cell destruction

b. excessive heating of internal organs

The random inspection approach: a. averages out in the end b. fails to focus on recurring problem establishments c. is the most comprehensive d. alleviates staff shortages

b. fails to focus on recurring problem establishments (pg. 1288)

Which one of the following has not been shown to be associated with PCBs? a. liver cancer b. fertility c. abnormal cell manipulation d. low birth weight

b. fertility

The disposal of used tires presents a problem but shredded tires may be used as a. a source of heat for homes b. fuel for industries c. an asphalt additive to reduce pavement cracking d. a supplemental fuel for incinerators

b. fuel for industries

Street dust would be considered what type of pollution? a. paradox pollutant b. fugitive pollutant c. uncontrolled pollutant d. laps rate

b. fugitive pollutant (pg. 778)

The term "genetic radiation" refers to effects of radiation on a. the elderly b. generations yet unborn c. all living organisms d. young adults

b. generations yet unborn

Which product would probably have the lowest reclamation value? a. Al b. glass c. paper d. heat

b. glass

The statement "dioxin is the most toxic of all man-made chemicals" is somewhat misleading because of the testing done on: a. rats b. guinea pigs c. hamsters d. mice

b. guinea pigs

By nature, unpolluted rainfall: a. is devoid of particulate matter b. has a pH between 5 and 5.6 c. is slightly alkaline d. falls only in high lake areas

b. has a pH between 5 and 5.6

If a health official finds a nuisance while doing an inspection what is the most simple and practical method to correct the situation? a. write a citation b. have the owner correct the situation c. seek a court order d. threaten to close the establishment

b. have the owner correct the situation

The yellow pages of the emergency response guidebook lists: a. commercial companies who respond to emergencies b. hazardous materials by ID number c. guides to use when responding to hazardous materials transportation incidents d. none of the above

b. hazardous materials by ID number

The tissues most often damaged as result of inorganic mercury entering the body include all of the following except: a. brain b. heart c. kidney d. liver

b. heart

Which one of the following conditions is not a specifically identified health damaging effect of lead in the human body? a. sterility b. heart attack c. miscarriage d. liver damage

b. heart attack

The approved method of of disposing of PCBs is: a. sealing them in barrels and burying them in landfills b. high-temperature incineration c. detoxification and discharge into deep ocean valleys d. biodegrading them, sealing them and using them as fill

b. high-temperature incineration

When an order has been ignored, the next step is to: a. issue a second order b. hold an administrative hearing c. obtain a subpoena d. obtain a warrant

b. hold an administrative hearing (pg. 1305)

The contamination of milk with sediment is typically the result of which of the following? a. improper cleaning of milking apparatus b. improper cleaning of the cow c. improper handling of the milk d. improper vaccination of brucellosis

b. improper cleaning of the cow (pg. 944)

The indoor air pollution problem may have worsened as the result of all of the following except: a. magnetically sealed doors b. increased outside air-exchange c. triple-glazed windows d. thick insulation

b. increased outside air-exchange

Cross-connection controls include air gaps, backflow preventers, vacuum breakers and: a. gate valves b. indirect waste piping c. air vents d. water meters

b. indirect waste piping (pg. 1212)

Eradication of mosquitoes and ticks would have no effect on epidemic of: a. equine encephalitis b. infectious hepatitis c. yellow fever d. Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever

b. infectious hepatitis

The most common route of pesticide entry into the body is: a. inhalation b. ingestion c. absorption d. injection

b. ingestion

The most common source of exposure to cadmium is through: a. absorption b. ingestion c. inhalation d. inoculation

b. ingestion

The major route of entry of inorganic mercury into humans is through: a. ingestion of contaminated fish b. inhalation of mercury vapors c. ingesting of contaminated vegetables d. inhalation of pesticide residues

b. inhalation of mercury vapors

The major cause of lead poisoning of children is from: a. eating paint chips b. inhaling lead contaminated household dust c. ingesting lead-contaminated food d. putting dirty fingers into their mouths

b. inhaling lead contaminated household dust

Acidic conditions ______ the growth of methane-producing bacteria. a. increase b. inhibit c. do not affect d. none of the above

b. inhibit

In children, perhaps the most damage result of chronic low-level exposure to lead can: a. result in unruly classroom behavior b. inhibit normal development of intellectual abilities c. decrease their ability to follow directions d. produce lowered IQ scores

b. inhibit normal development of intellectual abilities

The best management for intensely radioactive isotopes that have very short half-lives is: a. seal them in concrete and bury them b. isolate them from human contact during their "acute" phase c. bury them in specialized locations away from human habitats d. stop producing machines that require the use of these radioactive isotopes

b. isolate them from human contact during their "acute" phase

Which one of the following statements about cadmium is false? a. it is used in production of pigments b. it helps the body metabolize calcium c. it may be found in tobacco plants d. it readily bioaccumulates

b. it helps the body metabolize calcium

A major problem that is thwarting efforts to clean up the air is: a. lack of interest in the programs b. lack of routine air quality monitoring in developing nations c. lack of governmental agreement as to quality standards d. economic policies preclude working on air quality issues

b. lack of routine air quality monitoring in developing nations

The biosafety containment level suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment is: a. level 1 b. level 2 c. level 3 d. level 4

b. level 2 (pg. 50)

The extend of risk of development of an asbestos-related disease is probably most associated with: a. age at which exposure first occurred b. level and duration of exposure c. personal history of cigarette smoking d. occupation of the individual

b. level and duration of exposure

Asbestosis is caused by fine silicate fibers retained in the a. kidneys b. lungs c. colon d. abdomen

b. lungs

Exposure to even moderate amounts of ultraviolet radiation can be dangerous for individuals suffering from: a. heart disease b. lupus erythematosus c. bladder cancer d. seizure disorders

b. lupus erythematosus

Salty flavors in milk may be due to the use of milk from cows infected with: a. tuberculosis b. mastitis c. brucellosis d. hepatitis

b. mastitis (pg. 945)

The greatest exposure to human-made ionizing radiation for most individuals is through: a. eating plants that contain radioactive elements b. medical x-rays c. nuclear power plant emissions d. buildings made of stone

b. medical x-rays

Of the following, which is not ordinarily used as a rodenticide? a. ANTU b. methoxychlor c. sodium fluoracetate d. warfarin

b. methoxychlor

To disinfect a well, one should ________________ and pour directly into the well. a. mix one gallon of bleach in five gallons of water b. mix one quart of bleach in five gallons of water c. mix one quart of bleach in three gallons of water d. mix one pint of bleach in 3 gallons of water

b. mix one quart of bleach in five gallons of water

To improve the accuracy of global warming predictions: a. better computer models need to be generated b. more understanding of ocean dynamics is needed c. more knowledge of the carbon cycle is needed d. a better understanding of gas exchange is needed

b. more understanding of ocean dynamics is needed

The major constituent of the atmosphere today is: a. carbon dioxide b. nitrogen c. oxygen d. argon

b. nitrogen

The major constituent of the photochemical oxidants is: a. sulfur dioxide b. ozone c. peroxyacetyl nitrate d. nitrogen dioxide

b. ozone

Which one of the following is not one of the major atmospheric gases? a. oxygen b. ozone c. argon d. nitrogen

b. ozone

On the basis of weight, which of the following materials constitutes the largest component of domestic solid waste? a. metal b. paper c. plastics d. glass

b. paper

The top of the absorption field gravel should be covered with: a. tar paper b. permeable material c. plastic d. treated paper

b. permeable material (pg. 531)

Glazing, silvering, or bronzing on the underside of a leaf is evidence that injury has occurred by: a. ozone b. peroxacyl nitrates c. sulfur dioxide d. hydrogen fluoride

b. peroxacyl nitrates (pg. 772)

Which one of the following crops would probably be least affected by air pollution? a. peanuts b. potatoes c. soybeans d. cotton

b. potatoes

A disease transmitted by birds and bird droppings is Choose one answer. a. dengue fever b. psittacosis c. tularemia d. hurine typhus

b. psittacosis

Bats are a threat to humans because they carry: a. encephalitis b. rabies c. psittacosis d. pediculosis

b. rabies (pg. 1150)

Which one of the following is least likely to be a viable response to stop global warming? a. improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines b. rapidly expand nuclear power generation c. replant deforested areas of the world d. taxing the use of fossil fuels

b. rapidly expand nuclear power generation

A rodenticide which is also an emetic is: a. strychnine b. red squill c. warfarin d. arsenic

b. red squill

Filters will a. add haze on the film b. reduce stray radiation c. not effect radiation absorbed by the patient d. cause a greater exposure time

b. reduce stray radiation

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 a. mandates government (Federal and State) control of hazardous wastes from their point of generation to their point of ultimate disposal b. regulates the production and use of chemical substances that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or environment c. requires that all toxic substances transported from one point to another by air, land, or sea be properly documented through an approved manifest system d. regulates all hazardous wastes generated at health care facilities through Federal and State governments

b. regulates the production and use of chemical substances that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or environment

Which one of the following means of remedying an asbestos hazard is the most expensive? a. demolition b. removal c. enclosure d. encapsulation

b. removal

Standards for ionizing radiation exposure: a. are set as absolute safety levels b. represent a balance between adverse effects and known benefits c. are designed to assist equipment manufacturers design safe machines d. are based on definitive scientific research

b. represent a balance between adverse effects and known benefits

When a business authority refuses consent to an inspection, the most appropriate action is to: a. close down the business until it can be inspected b. return later with an inspection warrant obtained through an appropriate court c. request the objector to state in writing the reason for refusal d. ignore the objection and proceed with the inspection

b. return later with an inspection warrant obtained through an appropriate court

If permitted under existing laws, which of the following would be an effective technique for ceasing operation of an establishment? a. a mandatory injunction b. revoking a license c. an injunction d. lawmakers

b. revoking a license (pg. 1304)

Which one of the following statements is false? a. chronic exposure to asbestos is likely to produce disease b. safe levels for asbestos exposure have been established c. exposure to asbestos has been linked to lung cancer d. the severity of asbestosis is also linked to cigarette smoking

b. safe levels for asbestos exposure have been established

______________ is an infectious disease of the skin caused by burrowing of the female mite into the skin where it deposits its eggs. a. tularemia b. scabies c. psittacosis d. pediculosis

b. scabies (pg. 1129)

What is the term given to organization wherein lines of authority and responsibility run upward and downward through several levels with a broad functional base at the bottom, and a single executive head at the top? a. chain of command b. scalar process c. under defined organization d. appellate system

b. scalar process

The correct order of sequence for hand washing dishes is: a. scrape and flush, wash, sanitize, rinse, air dry b. scrape and flush, wash, rinse, sanitize, air dry c. scrape and flush, wash, rinse, air dry d. scrape and flush, wash, sanitize, rinse, towel dry

b. scrape and flush, wash, rinse, sanitize, air dry (pg. 992)

Standards designed to promote human welfare by protecting agricultural crops, livestock, property, and the environment in general are called: a. primary standards b. secondary standards c. tertiary standards d. remedial standards

b. secondary standards

The best way to control deep fires in a sanitary landfill is to a. inject water under the cover material at strategic points throughout the landfill b. separate the burning refuse and dig a fire brake around the burning refuse c. smother the burning area with landfill liner made of polymeric or asphaltic materials d. let the area burn itself out

b. separate the burning refuse and dig a fire brake around the burning refuse

Listeriosis is a: a. skin irritation caused by contact with cold products b. serious infection caused by food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes c. disease caused by exposure to lysolic agents d. disease that attacks people in the early 20's

b. serious infection caused by food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes (pg. 950)

The reliability and interpretation of the soil percolation tests are affected by all of the following except: a. evaluation of site investigation, soil profile, and suitability b. shape of the test hole c. size or diameter of the test hole d. saturation of soil

b. shape of the test hole (pg. 500)

Oysters, soft-shell and hard-shell clams, mussels, lobsters, crabs, and shrimp fall under what group? a. molluscan shellfish b. shellfish c. fomites d. crustacea

b. shellfish (pg. 961)

The soil profile of a site refers to the: a. overall percolation rate b. side view of the face of the soil horizon c. slope d. topography

b. side view of the face of the soil horizon

The disease that is common to Stone Age spearhead makers, hard rock miners, and sand blast operators is: a. typhoid fever b. silicosis c. black lung d. echinococcosis

b. silicosis

Perhaps the first occupational exposure to a toxic mineral was associated with: a. mining b. silver processing c. felt hat manufacturing d. developing of habitats

b. silver processing

The suitability of soil for the subsurface disposal of sewage and other wastewater can be determined by a study of soil characteristics and the: a. soil survey b. soil percolation test c. rate of sewage flow d. amount of rainfall

b. soil percolation test (pg. 500)

Which method is the most common method of applying wastewater to land? a. Ridge and furrow irrigation b. Spray irrigation c. Border strip irrigation d. Overland flow irrigation

b. spray irrigation

A potential source of mercury exposure that could remain for years is from: a. the chior-alkali industries b. stored containers of paint produced prior to 1990 c. emissions from battery manufacturing d. continued use of mercury in dental practice

b. stored containers of paint produced prior to 1990

Most ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is absorbed by the ozone layer as it passes through the: a. troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. tropopause

b. stratosphere

The region of the atmosphere where the temperature slowly rises with increases in altitude is the: a. troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. tropopause

b. stratosphere

In planning and implementing an environmental health investigation it is necessary to follow explicit procedure in an ordinance because: a. this is the most efficient process b. such action is required by due process c. computer data processing techniques are enhanced d. such action is required by supervisory staff

b. such action is required by due process

Impurities in combustible hydrocarbons (coal and oil) combine with oxygen to produce ______________ when burned. a. nitrogen oxide b. sulfur dioxide c. nitrogen dioxide d. carbon monoxide

b. sulfur dioxide (pg. 782)

When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is called: a. commensalism b. synergism c. magnification d. multiplication

b. synergism (pg. 767)

The one of the following that is not ordinarily transmitted by an insect: a. malaria b. tetanus c. typhus fever d. yellow fever

b. tetanus

Perhaps the best sunscreens are those: a. with an SPF 20 or above b. that are most water resistant c. that have a creamy base d. that have been prescribed by a physician

b. that are most water resistant

Wearing contact lenses in an area that has the potential to expose workers to body fluid requires: a. special cleaning, disinfection procedures if cleaned in the work area b. that they may not be cleaned in the work area c. no special process d. none of the above

b. that they may not be cleaned in the work area

Perhaps one of the greatest environmental issues of the late 20th century will be: a. depletion of the ozone layer b. the Greenhouse Effect c. increased use of chlorofluorocarbons d. increased amount of oxygen in the atmosphere

b. the Greenhouse Effect

Mobilization of metals in acid water becomes a direct threat to human health when: a. plankton absorb the metal b. the acidified water is a source of drinking water c. fish are present in the water and die d. algae disappear from the water

b. the acidified water is a source of drinking water

Herpesvirus simiae (B-virus) is naturally occurring in certain species of monkeys, namely the macaque. The highest risk of humans acquiring this virus is from: a. primary cell cultures b. the bite of a macaque c. aerosol exposure to saliva and urine d. mouth pipetting in the laboratory

b. the bite of a macaque (pg. 108)

What is a major tissue that is confronting public health professionals responsible for setting exposure limits to TCCD? a. multiple chronic effects have been observed at low exposure b. the chemical seldom appears alone c. irritating effects have been shown at low levels of exposure d. long-term exposure seems to be produce degenerative disease

b. the chemical seldom appears alone

Turbulence is the wind characteristic that is: a. most predictable b. the most effective mechanism for the dispersion of dilution of a cloud or plume of pollutants c. responsible for generating cyclonic pollutants d. responsible for the agitation of otherwise harmless ions

b. the most effective mechanism for the dispersion of dilution of a cloud or plume of pollutants (pg. 793)

Which one of the following is true? a. childhood exposure to EMFs has been associated with subsequent development of lung cancer b. the risks associated with childhood exposure to EMF are inconclusive c. the risks between EMT exposure and reproductive disorders has been definitively demonstrated d. EMF is clearly a potentially significant environmental health issue

b. the risks associated with childhood exposure to EMF are inconclusive

Isotopes of the same element have a. the same mass number but different atomic numbers b. the same atomic number but different mass numbers c. different atomic and mass numbers d. the same atomic and mass numbers

b. the same atomic number but different mass numbers

The most harmful effects of ionizing radiation on human fetal tissue is during: a. immediately after fertilization occurs b. the second through sixth week of gestation c. the 12th through 20th week of gestation d. just prior to delivery

b. the second through sixth week of gestation

Which one of the following is true? a. low levels of exposure to ionizing radiation is not a problem b. there is a linear relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and gene mutation c. chromosomal damage does not result from exposure to radioactive isotopes d. there is little truth to the statement that radiotherapy nurses have an increased frequency of chromosomal mutations

b. there is a linear relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and gene mutation

The main source of childhood exposure to particulate pollution is: a. radon b. tobacco smoke c. burning coal d. natural gas

b. tobacco smoke

The most practical way to control hay fever is to: a. treat the environment b. treat the patient c. relocate the patient d. all of the above

b. treat the patient

What was the first medical use for mercury? a. dental fillings b. treatment for syphilis c. treatment for arthritis d. treatment for gout

b. treatment for syphilis

Chaga's disease is also known as: a. brucellosis b. trypanosomiasis c. undulent fever d. dengue fever

b. trypanosomiasis

All of the following are considered ionizing radiation except: a. Gamma rays b. ultraviolet light c. x-rays d. beta particles

b. ultraviolet light

The Montreal Protocol agrees to control the: a. use of CFC's b. use of all ozone depleting chemicals or substances c. production of ozone depleting chemicals or substances d. consumption of ozone depleting chemicals or substances

b. use of all ozone depleting chemicals or substances (pg. 62)

Owners of tanning salons claim they offer a "safe" tan because they: a. provide sunscreens for users of the salon b. use only UVA light c. use only low level lights d. continually monitor the progress of clients

b. use only UVA light

The noise most frequently considered as annoying by community residents is from: a. aircraft b. vehicles c. machinery d. neighbors

b. vehicles

The distance that a sound wave travels in one cycle or period is the: a. sound intensity b. wavelength of the sound c. sound pressure d. frequency

b. wavelength of the sound (pg. 824)

When is the sanitarian required to obtain a search warrant before entering and searching the kitchen of a restaurant? a. when the owner has refused entry on prior occasions b. when the owner has refused entry on this occasion c. when the owner has not been given advanced notice d. when the owner is probably in violation of the regulations

b. when the owner has refused entry on this occasion

The direction of operation of a sanitary landfill should be a. against the prevailing wind b. with the prevailing wind c. perpendicular to the prevailing wind d. changed daily to be perpendicular to the prevailing wind

b. with the prevailing wind

From the standpoint of exposure to radioactive minerals, which one of the following building materials would probably be most "safe"? a. granite b. wood c. brick d. cement

b. wood

The bottom of multiple-use pools should have a bottom slope not greater than_____ when the depth is less than 5.5 feet. a. 3 inch per 12 inch b. 5 inch per 12 inch c. 1 inch per 12 inch d. 2 inch per 12 inch

c. 1 inch per 12 inch

A quantity of liquid bleach (household) can be used to treat 1000 gallons of water for drinking (refer to chapter 3). a. 2 quarts b. 2 pints c. 1 pint d. 0.5 quarts

c. 1 pint

Drinking water standards generally specify that water is safe provided that testing in a specified manner does not reveal more than an average of: a. 10 positive samples out of 100 samples taken b. 50 coliform organisms per 100 ml c. 1 positive sample out of 40 samples taken d. 50 coliform organisms per 200 ml

c. 1 positive sample out of 40 samples taken

The rate of filtration should be _________ for a diatomite filter. a. 15 to 20 gpm/ft2 b. 3 to 5 gpm/ft2 c. 1 to 2 gpm/ft2 d. 3 gpm/ft2

c. 1 to 2 gpm/ft2

A mature ragweed plant can produce up to ___________ pollen grains in one season. a. 100 b. 1,000,000 c. 1,000,000,000 d. 1,000,000,000,000

c. 1,000,000,000 (pg. 1155)

The emergency plan at a nuclear electric power plant must include a means for notification of the public living within __________ of the plant within a 15-minute period. a. 1 mile b. 5 miles c. 10 miles d. 12 miles

c. 10 miles

The estimated number of Americans who have suffered full or partial hearing loss as a result of excessive exposure to noise is: a. 6 million b. 8 million c. 10 million d. 12 million

c. 10 million

In children, blood lead levels (BLLs) more than ___________ are associated with decreased intellectual performance and other adverse health events. a. 2 ppm b. 5 AO c. 10 ug/dL d. 15 ppm

c. 10 ug/dL (MMWR)

If 10 decibels is 10 times more intense than one decibel, how many times more intense is 20 decibels than one decibel? a. 20 b. 30 c. 100 d. 1000

c. 100 (pg. 830)

Gas chlorine is considered: a. 50 percent available chlorine b. 75 percent available chlorine c. 100 percent available chlorine d. 92 percent available chlorine

c. 100 percent available chlorine

Regulations regarding automobile emission standards began with automobiles manufactured in: a. 1958 b. 1963 c. 1968 d. 1973

c. 1968

After a landfill site is closed, it should be covered with at least ______ of compacted soil having a low permeability, graded to shed rainwater, melting snow, and surface water. a. 5 feet b. 36 inches c. 2 feet d. 28 inches

c. 2 feet

When using presettling reservoirs to eliminate heavy turbidity or pollution before treatment, what is the desirable retention time? a. 8 hours b. 1 week c. 2 to 3 days d. 1 month of longer

c. 2 to 3 days

Which of the following has been proven to be most effective for controlling ragweed? a. fenthion b. dieldrin c. 2, 4-D d. petroleum oil

c. 2, 4-D (pg. 1156)

Office space should provide at least _________ per min per occupant of clean outside air at minimum where smoking is not prohibited. a. 5 ft3 b. 10 ft3 c. 20 ft3 d. 30 ft3

c. 20 ft3 (pg. 1222)

The hydro pneumatic tank typically contains ________ of its volume as water. a. 50 percent b. 80 percent c. 20 percent d. does not contain water only compressed air

c. 20 percent

The regulatory level for total cresol under the RCRA Toxicity Characteristic rule is: a. 600 mg/l b. 400 mg/l c. 200 mg/l d. 100 mg/l

c. 200 mg/l

To prevent chimney backdrafts, the chimney must be constructed __________ inches above the highest point of the roof at a minimum of: a. 4 inches b. 8 inches c. 24 inches d. 48 inches

c. 24 inches (pg. 1229)

The estimated half-life of lead in bones is: a. 9 years b. 18 years c. 27 years d. 36 years

c. 27 years

What size particle can reach the lowest parts of the lung? a. 15 microns b. 50 microns c. 3 microns d. any size particle

c. 3 microns (pg. 778)

In an emergency, people will need ________ of water per day per person. a. 1 to 2 gallons b. up to 3 gallons per family unit c. 3 to 6 gallons d. none of the above

c. 3 to 6 gallons

Alkalinity of water is desirable at levels of: a. 0 to 30 mg/l b. 0 to 500 mg/l c. 30 to 100 mg/l d. 0 to 5 mg/l

c. 30 to 100 mg/l

Hydrogen Sulfide is fatal at what concentration? a. 100 ppm b. 200 ppm c. 300 ppm d. 400 ppm

c. 300 ppm

Bacteria may be carried in the digestive system of the housefly for as long as: a. 1 week b. 3 months c. 4 weeks d. 2 days

c. 4 weeks (pg. 1108)

Those who work on uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are required to receive a minimum of _________ training. a. 20 hours b. 4 hours c. 40 hours d. 100 hours

c. 40 hours

Shredding reduces the volume of wastes to about ______ or less of the original bulk. a. 60 percent b. 50 percent c. 40 percent d. 30 percent

c. 40 percent

The incidence of tuberculosis in English laboratory workers working with M. Tuberculosis was reported to be ________ times higher than for the general population. a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10

c. 5 (pg. 2)

If the fat content of milk increases by ten percent or more, the pasteurizer temperature must be increased by: a. 15 F b. 25 F c. 5 F d. 10 F

c. 5 F (pg. 935)

Homes containing garbage disposals should have a septic tank capacity increased by what % in order to accommodate the increased organic loading? a. 10% b. 100% c. 50% d. does not matter

c. 50%

The median lethal dose of radiation (at which about 50% of the person exposed will probably die in one month) is considered to be a. 150 to 250 roentgens b. 350 to 550 roentgens c. 550 to 750 roentgens d. 1000 roentgens

c. 550 to 750 roentgens

The only way the atmospheric carbon dioxide level would not continue to increase would be to slash emissions to ________ % of their 1990 levels. a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70

c. 60

Resource recovery can be expected to achiever no more than are __ duction in future landfill volume requirement. a. 50 percent b. 25 percent c. 60 percent d. 40 percent

c. 60 percent

The gutters or skimmers receive a minimum of __________ of the total pool water due to the large quantity of organisms and materials which typically float. a. 95% b. 45% c. 60% d. 30%

c. 60%

The gutters or skimmers should receive a minimum of what percent of the total pool water due to the large quantity of organisms and materials which typically float. a. 95% b. 45% c. 60% d. 30%

c. 60%

Refuse collection frequency depends largely on the length of time required for fly eggs to mature through the larval stages into adults. Under optimum summer temperatures, maturation time is: a. 1-3 days b. 3-7 days c. 7-10 days d. 2-3 weeks

c. 7-10 days

A pH ________ is probably optimal for minimal eye irritation along with maintenance of effective residual chlorine. a. Above 7.8 b. Below 7.2 c. 7.5 to 7.6 d. None of the above

c. 7.5 to 7.6

According to the World Health Organization, approximately what percentage of the world's population breathes air that contains health-threatening levels of particulate? a. 50 b. 60 c. 70 d. 80

c. 70

The weight and shape of temporary storage containers must be kept within the limits that can be easily and conveniently handled by the collection crew, with the weight preferably not exceeding a. 50 pounds b. 3 pounds c. 70 pounds d. 25 pounds

c. 70 pounds

Thermoduric bacteria grow best at a temperature range of: a. 40 to 58 F b. 60 to 72 F c. 70 to 98 F d. 46 to 118 F

c. 70 to 98 F (pg. 952)

The EPA requires that dioxin-bearing wastes be destroyed of reduced ______ before disposal in a secure hazardous waste landfill. a. 99.99% b. 95% c. 99.9999% d. 0.05%

c. 99.9999%

Viral hepatitus B (HBV) is most often associated with: a. Contaminated dairy products b. Uncooked shellfish c. Administration of blood products d. Fecal contamination of water

c. Administration of blood products

If sufficient amounts of activated carbon in the powdered form are used, practically all tastes and odors are removed from water by: a. Absorption b. Polymerization c. Adsorption d. Oxidation

c. Adsorption

Perhaps the number one cause of disease as a result of general environmental exposure is: a. TCCD b. PCBs c. Asbestos d. Dioxin

c. Asbestos

Aeration is a natural process of mechanical process which: a. Increases the contact between air and water b. Improves the physical and chemical characteristics of water c. Both d. Neither

c. Both

If temporary shelter is necessary in an emergency, shelter selection should take into consideration: a. Protection from flooding and the elements b. Availability of heat, light, and space c. Both a and b d. Color of chlorination tablets

c. Both a and b

In domestic water well supplies, which two elements cause most hardness? a. Zn and Mg b. Na and Mg c. Ca and Mg d. Ca and Na

c. Ca and Mg

Which one of the following nations has the greatest annual rate of carbon dioxide production? a. U.S. b. France c. China d. Canada

c. China

Which one of the following gave the federal government a modest degree of authority to attack interstate air pollution problems? a. Environmental Protection Act b. Air Quality Act c. Clean Air Act d. pollution Control Act

c. Clean Air Act

The presence of which of the following in water indicate past or possibly intermittent pollution? a. Streptococcus Fecalis b. Escherichia coli c. Clostridium perfringens d. Enterococci

c. Clostridium perfringens

The increase of dissolved solids due to evaporation in whirlpools, hot tubs and spas is indicated by: a. Increased water temperature b. Condensation c. Cloudy water d. Foamy water

c. Cloudy water

The recommended and most effective method of maintaining pool water quality is: a. Super-chlorination b. Intermittent circulation, chlorination, and filtration c. Continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration d. Chlorination - dechlorination

c. Continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration

Activated carbon is used to: a. Increase turbidity b. Kill bacteria c. Control tastes and odors d. Keep the chlorine in suspension

c. Control tastes and odors

In testing for residual chlorine, which of the following determines free available chlorine with minimal interference from combined chlorine, iron, nitrates, and nitrites? a. Leuco crystal violet method b. Stabilized neutral orthotolidine (SNORT) method c. DPD-colorimetric method d. DPD-titrimetric method

c. DPD-colorimetric method

Which of the following wells is considered the most dependable source of water and is less likely to become contaminated? a. Driven well b. Bored well c. Drilled well d. Dug well

c. Drilled well

The Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 require __________ to establish a two year demonstration program for tracking medical waste in selected states. a. CDC b. USDA/APHIS c. EPA d. none of the above

c. EPA (pg. 49)

Which of the following agencies is responsible for protecting our waterways from contamination? a. OSHA b. FDA c. EPA d. PHS

c. EPA (pg. 969)

Which statement is most correct? a. Facultative bacteria live in aerobic conditions only b. Facultative bacteria live in anaerobic conditions only c. Facultative bacteria live in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions d. Facultative bacteria produce their own oxygen

c. Facultative bacteria live in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions

Which of the following is not used to disinfect water? a. Chlorine b. Bromine c. Fluorine d. Iodine

c. Fluorine

Which of the following if used to properly seal a drilled well to prevent contamination of the water supply? a. Epoxy b. Bentonite clay c. Grouting d. A rubber seal

c. Grouting

What contaminant may accompany methane production if large amounts of sulfate are also present? a. CuSO4 b. sodium sulfate c. H2S d. hydrogen cyanide

c. H2S

The disinfecting ability of chlorine is affected most by: a. BOD b. Temperature c. Hydrogen ion concentration d. Dissolved oxygen

c. Hydrogen ion concentration

In a test conducted in North Carolina by the PHS in sandy soil, sewage organisms traveled: a. Only 10 feet b. 450 feet c. In excess of 200 feet d. 1,200 feet

c. In excess of 200 feet

A physical cross-connection: a. In a connection between two approved water supplies b. Is a plumbing device c. Is a connection which may permit the flow of water into an approved potable water supply from an unapproved (non-potable) water supply

c. Is a connection which may permit the flow of water into an approved potable water supply from an unapproved (non-potable) water supply

Which area of the U.S. is projected to be most heavily affected by stricter air quality regulations? a. Pittsburgh b. New York c. Los Angeles d. Houston

c. Los Angeles

Rocks such as serpentine, slate, soapstone, and marble belong to which class? a. Igneous b. Sedimentary c. Metamorphic d. Limestone

c. Metamorphic

The appointment and maintenance of an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) is one of the requirements of: a. EPA b. CDC c. NIH d. FDA

c. NIH (pg. 56)

Environmental Impact Statements are required by which federal act? a. Resource Planning Act b. Endangered Species Act c. National Environmental Policy Act d. Federal Land Management and Policy Act

c. National Environmental Policy Act

Which one of the following areas of the U.S. would be most sensitive to acid precipitation? a. Rocky Mountain states b. Southeast c. New England d. Great Plains

c. New England

The first state to implement a motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program was: a. California b. New York c. New Jersey d. Illinois

c. New Jersey

The final product in biochemical oxidation of ammonia yields: a. Nitride b. Nitrite c. Nitrate d. Nitrogen

c. Nitrate

Which one of the following statements is false? a. Noise can affect one's perception of time b. Noise can increase the variability of work performance c. Noise affects the quantity of work done d. Noise makes it more difficult to remain alert

c. Noise affects the quantity of work done

A sample of water taken for bacteriological analysis is usually packed in ice, if the sample cannot be analyzed immediately. The main reason for this procedure is to retard changes in the: a. Amount of oxygen dissolved in the water b. Mineral content of the water c. Number of bacteria in the water d. pH of the water

c. Number of bacteria in the water

Which residual test for chlorine would be least desirable? a. SNORT b. Methyl orange c. OTA d. DPD

c. OTA

Which would not be classified as a sedimentary formation? a. Limestone b. Peat c. Olivine d. Loess

c. Olivine

Which of the following chemicals that can be used for the disinfection of water does not provide a residual? a. Iodine b. Bromine c. Ozone d. Chlorine

c. Ozone

Measure of the amount of water held by a rock or soil in pores or voids, expressed as % of total volume. a. Permeability b. Specific retention c. Porosity d. Specific gravity

c. Porosity

Methylene Blue Active Substance (MBAS) is a test to identify: a. Hardness of water b. Iron in water c. Presence of detergents containing phosphates d. Presence pf coliform bacteria

c. Presence of detergents containing phosphates

The speed with which emergency action can be taken is largely dependent on: a. Size of the emergency b. Number of flood victims c. Prior planning d. Volcanic eruptions

c. Prior planning

Which disease is the result of a tick bite? a. murine typhus b. scabies c. Q fever d. all of the above

c. Q fever

The addition of sodium bicarbonate is usually used to: a. Raise the ambient water temperature b. Lower the ambient water temperature c. Raise the alkalinity d. Lower the pH

c. Raise the alkalinity

Algae development will cause all conditions except: a. Reduced water clarity b. Increased chlorine consumption c. Rapid fall in pH d. Slimy growth

c. Rapid fall in pH

Which of the following is not a factor in the satisfactory operation of a septic tank/sand filter system? a. Rate of sewage application b. Effective size of sand c. Ratio of septic tank size to sand filter size d. Uniformity coefficient of sand

c. Ratio of septic tank size to sand filter size

In which situation would you most likely find PAM? a. River or pond b. Geothermal pool c. Reservoir d. Atlantic Ocean

c. Reservoir

Hazardous waste is governed by the: a. Clean Water Act b. Occupational Safety and Health Act c. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act d. Food and Drug Act

c. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Which of the following is not a practical method for removal of cadmium? a. Ion exchange b. Lime softening c. Reverse osmosis d. Iron coagulation

c. Reverse osmosis

It is essential that all public pools: a. Require footbaths b. Require pre-showering of patrons c. Run the recirculation and disinfection equipment 24 hours per day d. Shovel in at least 4 lbs of calcium hypochlorite per 10,000 gallons per 4-hour period

c. Run the recirculation and disinfection equipment 24 hours per day

Improperly located wells, allowing fecal pollution of the water supply, may lead to outbreaks of: a. Botulism, leptospirosis, typhus fever, malaria b. Brucellosis, strep infections, cholera, yellow fever c. Salmonellosis, shigellosis, cholera, hepatitis d. Relapsing fever, histoplasmosis, psittacosis

c. Salmonellosis, shigellosis, cholera, hepatitis

"Swimmers itch" is also known as: a. Gastroenteritis b. Trichinosis c. Schistosomiasis d. Leptospirosis

c. Schistosomiasis

Diatomaceous earth filters: a. Should be integrated into pressure-tank systems b. Can be used for public water supplies c. Should be augmented by chlorination d. Can be left unattended for long periods of time

c. Should be augmented by chlorination

The type of filter that is recommended for use at small communities and rural places is the: a. Rapid sand filter b. Pressure filter c. Slow sand filter d. Diatomaceous earth filter

c. Slow sand filter

The type of filter that is recommended for use at small communities and rural places is the: a. rapid sand filter b. Pressure filter c. Slow sand filter d. Diatomaceous earth filter

c. Slow sand filter

To raise the pH, add: a. Chlorine b. Muriatic acid c. Soda ash (sodium carbonate) d. Sulfuric acid

c. Soda ash (sodium carbonate)

A chemical used to adjust pool alkalinity is: a. Chlorine b. Calcium chloride c. Sodium bicarbonate d. Copper sulfate

c. Sodium bicarbonate

Which raises the pH of pool water? a. Chlorine b. Alum c. Sodium carbonate d. All of the above

c. Sodium carbonate

Which of the following would not be as likely to be contracted bathing at a beach? a. Leptospirosis b. Middle ear infection c. Spinal meningitis d. All of the above

c. Spinal meningitis

One advantage of using cyanuric acid additive is that it: a. Allows easier measurement of chlorine b. Prevents pH deterioration c. Stabilizes residual chlorine d. Requires less soda ash as an additive to the pool

c. Stabilizes residual chlorine

The presence of coliform in water indicates: a. The presence of pathogens b. The presence of fecal viruses c. The possible presence of pathogens d. The presence of sewage

c. The possible presence of pathogens

The presumptive evidence of the presence of coliform in the MPN test is: a. The color change in the culture media b. Turbidity of the culture broth c. The presence of gas from the fermentation of the media d. Metallic sheen on colonies

c. The presence of gas from the fermentation of the media

The quality of surface water depends on: a. The use of chemicals for disinfection of drinking water b. The elimination of coliform organisms c. The watershed area drained, land use, location and sources of pollution, and the natural agencies of purification d. The injecting of a chlorine solution into water at its source

c. The watershed area drained, land use, location and sources of pollution, and the natural agencies of purification

A hydraulic ram is used to elevate a quantity of water to a higher elevation. Rams are powered by: a. Wind b. Electricity c. Water d. Heat

c. Water

The highest PCB concentrations documented in the US are in: a. New York b. The Hudson River c. Waukegan Harbor d. Lake Michigan

c. Waukegan Harbor

The disposal of equipment and other materials containing PCBs: a. Is completed b. Is unregulated c. Will remain for a long time d. Is not necessary

c. Will remain for a long time

The US site that appears to be the focus of consideration for the nation's first permanent repository for nuclear waste is in: a. Hanover, WA b. Selma, AL c. Yucca Mountain, NV d. Atlanta, GA

c. Yucca Mountain, NV

Which of the following is an unacceptable operating practice at a sanitary landfill? a. all exposed refuse should be covered with six inches of soil at the end of each day's operation b. all refuse should be spread as dumped, compacted into thick layers as it is hauled in c. a specific time and lace should be designated for the dumping of sewage sludge, agricultural wastes and toxic substances d. sufficient stand-by equipment should be available in case of breakdown of equipment

c. a specific time and lace should be designated for the dumping of sewage sludge, agricultural wastes and toxic substances

Thawing a 16-pound turkey at 40 F will take a period of _____________. a. 6 hours b. 12 hours c. about 3 days d. 24 hours

c. about 3 days (pg. 904)

The absorption of how many ergs (energy-per-gram) of air represents one roentgen? a. about 150 b. about 100 c. about 86 d. about 50

c. about 86

A properly designed and controlled incinerator is satisfactory for burning combustible refuse as long as a. the incinerator is not located in the downtown area b. sufficient quantities of refuse can be provided c. air pollution standards can be met d. the furnace is cooled regularly

c. air pollution standards can be met

Lasso is the trademark for: a. acrolein b. atrazine c. alachlor d. duiron

c. alachlor

Radon is detected in a home through the use of: a. geiger counters b. beta counters c. alpha counters d. none of the above

c. alpha counters (pg. 1218)

Absorption of microwave energy by bodily tissues is largely associated with the: a. frequency of the microwave b. distance of the tissue from the source of the microwaves c. amount of water content of the tissue d. basic source of the microwave emission

c. amount of water content of the tissue

Disinfection of chlorination of sewage effluent is: a. always necessary b. a substitute for adequate wastewater treatment c. an added safeguard to reduce the risk of disease transmission where the probability exists d. usually non-toxic to freshwater, marine, and estuarine aquatic organisms in minute concentrations

c. an added safeguard to reduce the risk of disease transmission where the probability exists (pg. 582)

The major impact of global warming would most likely be in: a. a general decrease in plant life b. an increase in human skin cancer c. an alteration of world-wide rainfall d. a melting in the polar cap

c. an alteration of world-wide rainfall

The drain line of an ice machine should connect to the sewer system through: a. a grease trap b. a direct connection below floor level c. an open receptacle with an air gap d. a backflow preventer properly vented

c. an open receptacle with an air gap (pg. 1213)

During an emergency, the drinking water source should be: a. assumed safe b. safe only if it comes from a deep well c. assumed unsafe d. safe if it is used in large amounts

c. assumed unsafe

The infection reservoir for arthropod-borne viral encephalitis is generally accepted to be: a. horses b. humans c. birds d. fish

c. birds

Which of the following blood-feeding insects afflicts people engaged in outdoor activities and has larvae which develop while attached to rocks or other surfaces in fast moving streams? a. deerfly b. horsefly c. black fly d. mosquito

c. black fly

A relatively porous landfill earth cover will permit a. the escape of gases b. greater infiltration and leachate production c. both a and b above d. none of the above

c. both a and b above

Neutrons can have a. biological effects b. the ability to make other substances radioactive c. both of the above d. none of the above

c. both of the above

The strategy most often used to solve sulfur dioxide emissions in close proximity to the plant that produces the emissions is: a. installing scrubbers to clean the emissions b. building recycling plants for the emissions c. building tall stacks to direct the emissions upward d. reducing production levels that cause the emissions

c. building tall stacks to direct the emissions upward

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is caused by: a. mental stress b. a virus c. by infection with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 d. listeriosis

c. by infection with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (pg. 952)

Plants absorb certain constituents of wastewater; using wastewater for irrigation of consumable plant products may present a health hazard to humans if the water contains: a. nitrates b. iron c. cadmium d. chlorides

c. cadmium (pg. 601)

Which one of the following is least likely to occur in the US? a. mercuric poisoning b. lead poisoning c. cadmium poisoning d. PCB poisoning

c. cadmium poisoning

All of the following are criteria pollutants except: a. carbon monoxide b. sulfur dioxide c. carbon dioxide d. nitrogen oxides

c. carbon dioxide

Which one of the following enters directly into biological processes? a. nitrogen b. argon c. carbon dioxide d. helium

c. carbon dioxide

Which of the following is not a malodorous gas? a. sulfur dioxide b. hydrogen sulfide c. carbon monoxide d. phenol

c. carbon monoxide (pg. 772)

Which one of the following has been implicated in many rush-hour traffic accidents? a. carbon dioxide poisoning b. nitrogen oxide poisoning c. carbon monoxide poisoning d. ozone poisoning

c. carbon monoxide poisoning

A factor or agent which increases the risk of cancer is known as a a. teratogen b. mutagen c. carcinogen d. fomite

c. carcinogen

The ability of a soil to absorb and allow water and air to pass through is related to all of the following except: a. chemical composition b. texture c. cation exchange capacity d. granular structure

c. cation exchange capacity (pg. 492)

What characteristic of PCBs made them an environmental and health hazard? a. high heat resistance b. low boiling point c. chemical stability d. high fat solubility

c. chemical stability

Which one of the following is false? a. in nearly 3/4 of the states, any doctor or dentist can purchase x-ray equipment b. use of medicaid x-rays is a double edged sword c. children should have routine dental x-rays as part of screening programs d. physicians may order unnecessary x-rays as "self-preservation"

c. children should have routine dental x-rays as part of screening programs

When engaging in complete asbestos removal, the provisions of which one of the following must be strictly met? a. hazardous substances act b. right to know legislation c. clean air act d. asbestos hazard emergency removal act

c. clean air act

Which of the following is not a step in proper machine dishwashing? a. wash and sanitize b. scrape c. cloth dry d. rack dishes

c. cloth dry (pg. 992)

The commonly acceptable refuse disposal and treatment methods are a. wet oxidation, sanitary landfilling and compaction b. incineration, pyrolization, and anaerobic digestion c. composting, recylcing, incineration, and sanitary landfilling d. burial at sea, incineration, and sanitary landfilling

c. composting, recylcing, incineration, and sanitary landfilling

The 5 day BOD test should be performed when: a. measuring the concentration of suspended solids in wastewater b. determining the bacteriological quality of drinking water c. conducting a series of tests to determine the degree of water pollution d. requiring more rapid results than can be obtained by using the COD test

c. conducting a series of tests to determine the degree of water pollution

Occupational risk of lead poisoning is most prominent among: a. school teachers b. factory workers c. construction workers who demolish bridges d. shipyard workers

c. construction workers who demolish bridges

At present the largest source of methane is: a. belching of cows b. fermenting manure piles c. cultivation of rice d. use of nitrogen fertilizers

c. cultivation of rice

The rate at which atoms of radioactive sources (radionuclides) disintegrate are measured in a. rems b. rods c. curies d. roentgens

c. curies

Which would not be considered domestic sewage? a. toilet waste b. kitchen sink waste c. dairy cattle waste d. laundry waste

c. dairy cattle waste

Loam is a mixture of gravel, sand, silt, and clay containing what? a. highly toxic metals b. potassium and ammonium c. decayed plant and animal matter d. dirt

c. decayed plant and animal matter (pg. 492)

Muerto Canyon Virus (MCV) is a Hantavirus mainly carried by: a. woodchucks b. beavers c. deer mice d. skunks

c. deer mice (pg. 42)

Nearly 1/4 of all global carbon dioxide emissions are the result of: a. automobile emissions b. decreased use of lead-based aviation fuels c. deforestation d. increased world-wide industrialization

c. deforestation

In order to implement and enforce federal Clean Air Act requirements, states must: a. develop motor vehicle testing programs b. establish state environmental protection agencies c. develop state implementation plans d. secure federal permits for stationary sources of pollution

c. develop state implementation plans

Perhaps the major weakness of using animal studies to determine "safe" levels of air pollutants is: a. the animal rights movement b. lack of technology c. difficulty in extrapolating the results to humans d. lack of funding for research

c. difficulty in extrapolating the results to humans

Which of the following statements is true? a. dioxin is manufactured as a component of hexachlorophene b. dioxin has not been shown to be related to human deaths c. dioxin is formed as an unwanted by-product of herbicide manufacturing d. dioxin can enter the atmosphere through evaporation

c. dioxin is formed as an unwanted by-product of herbicide manufacturing

Deaths of newborns caused by milk-induced diarrhea has been mainly attributed to the bacteria: a. shigella b. pseudomonas c. escherichia coli d. enterobacter aerogenes

c. escherichia coli (pg. 956)

How often should a septic tank for a private home be serviced? a. every year b. every 5 to 10 years c. every 3 to 5 years d. every 10 years

c. every 3 to 5 years (pg. 519)

Two insect parasites of rodents which transmit disease to man are: a. mite and chigger b. mosquito and tick c. flea and louse d. roach and fly

c. flea and louse

An unacceptable use of radiation is a. osteopathy b. chiropody c. fluoroscopy for the purpose of fitting shoes d. all of the above

c. fluoroscopy for the purpose of fitting shoes

Scrubbers are wet collectors generally used to remove particles that form as a: a. dust, aerosol, or fog b. mist, solid, or vapor c. fog, mist, or dust d. fume, dust, or mist

c. fog, mist, or dust (pg. 812)

Which one of the following is most penetrating? a. alpha rays b. beta rays c. gamma rays d. x-rays

c. gamma rays

The most widespread cockroach pest in restaurants is: a. american cockroach b. australian c. german d. oriental

c. german

The term "half-value layer" (HVL) is used to designate the thickness of a particular material that will reduce, by one-half, the intensity of radiation passing through the material. Beta radiation is commonly eliminated by a. lead b. concrete c. glass or plastic d. aluminum

c. glass or plastic

What is the most important step in wastewater operations? a. proper equipment selection b. on-going maintenance of equipment c. good housekeeping d. knowing the limitations of the waste

c. good housekeeping

The most common problem associated with the disposal of hazardous waste is: a. leaching from landfills and dumps b. breeding ground for insects c. groundwater contamination d. unauthorized dumping

c. groundwater contamination

If equipment or clothing is sent from an uncontrolled hazardous waste site for cleaning, the _____________ associated with the equipment must be communicated to the off-site facility. a. specifications b. sizes c. hazards d. none of the above

c. hazards

Which one of the following does not appear to be a "legacy of childhood lead exposure?" a. high drop-out rate b. high incidence of reading disability c. high class rank d. high absenteeism

c. high class rank

All of the following are characteristics of an ideal shielding material for lead paint surfaces except (answer found in chapter 1): a. vermin-proof b. low cost c. high density and mass d. non-toxic

c. high density and mass (pg. 110)

Microwave ovens which have magnetron tubes use electrical energy to generate a. low frequency, short wave energy b. high frequency, long wave energy c. high frequency, short wave energy d. low frequency, low wave energy

c. high frequency, short wave energy

The home grinding system shreds garbage into small particles while being mixed with water and is discharged to the a. ocean b. sanitary landfill c. house sewer d. high-temperature incinerator

c. house sewer

Which would not be considered an appropriate use for a completed landfill? a. public work b. golf course c. housing development d. all

c. housing development

The interval between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of the first symptom is called the a. lag time b. susceptible period c. incubation period d. primary period

c. incubation period

The primary route of asbestos entering the human body is through: a. absorption b. ingestion c. inhalation d. drinking water

c. inhalation

The green pages of the emergency response guidebook lists: a. EPA hazardous materials personnel b. hazardous materials in alphabetical order c. initial isolation and protective action distances d. hazardous materials by ID number

c. initial isolation and protective action distances

An effective pest management and weed control program focuses on the: a. strategic application of pesticides and herbicides with greatest toxicity b. use of a single pesticide or herbicide nontoxic to humans and pets c. integration of a combination of methods d. ability to acquire federal and state funding

c. integration of a combination of methods (pg. 1099)

All of the following are considered advantages of using the shredded solid waste landfill method except: a. it does not cause odors b. it may require daily earth cover c. it will readily absorb precipitation d. it reduces insect breeding

c. it will readily absorb precipitation

Which of the following is not considered an advantage to using shredded solid waste landfill? a. it does not cause odors b. it may not require daily earth cover c. it will readily absorb precipitation d. it reduces insect breeding

c. it will readily absorb precipitation

In preparing a legal action, one of the first steps a sanitarian should do is to: a. obtain a warrant b. obtain a court order c. keep very accurate records d. check with his supervisor

c. keep very accurate records (pg. 1310)

A major drawback facing compliance with the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act is: a. lack of technology to deal with asbestos removal b. widespread use of asbestos prior to enactment of the Act c. lack of funding to comply with the provisions of the Act d. lack of willingness on the part of the public to comply

c. lack of funding to comply with the provisions of the Act

Common causes of failure of septic tank seepage field systems include improper sizing, non-suitable soil, non-servicing, and: a. insufficient nutrients in tank b. excessive use of laundry detergents c. leaking fixtures d. use of wetting agent

c. leaking fixtures (pg. 523)

Weil's disease is also known as: a. yellow fever b. epidemic c. leptospirosis d. none of the above

c. leptospirosis

Pediculosis is an infestation of: a. chiggers b. mites c. lice d. roaches

c. lice (pg. 1127)

A major worry associated with prolonged, low-level PCB exposure is: a. general tiredness b. loss of appetite c. liver cancer d. reproductive problems

c. liver cancer

Which one of the following is true? a. high-level radiation exposure is generally delivered over a long period of time b. radiation absorbed over a short period of time is less harmful than radiation absorbed over a long period of time c. low levels of ionizing radiation have a potential to cause cell damage rather than cell death d. soviet citizens exposed to radiation in Chernobyl are of little interest to the scientific community today

c. low levels of ionizing radiation have a potential to cause cell damage rather than cell death

Which of the following conditions may minimize the problem of leachate? a. dilution as a result of high rainfall b. properly located landfills in areas of high rainfall c. low rainfall and high transpiration rate d. low transpiration rate and low rainfall

c. low rainfall and high transpiration rate

The major problem associated with uranium mining is the possible development of: a. leukemia b. skin cancer c. lung cancer d. malignant melanoma

c. lung cancer

The most common form of cancer in women under age 30 is: a. basal cell carcinoma b. squamous cell carcinoma c. malignant melanoma d. breast cancer

c. malignant melanoma

Which group of the following bacteria typically contains most of the pathogenic bacteria? a. mesoduric b. thermophilic c. mesophilic d. thermoduric

c. mesophilic (pg. 952)

Another name for a mature or balanced lake is: a. oligotrophic b. eutrophic c. mesotrophic d. omegotrophic

c. mesotrophic

The information needed to use an air quality model includes: a. pollutant concentration data, population, and meteorological data b. population, source emissions data, and pollutant concentration data c. meteorological data, pollutant concentration data, and source emissions data d. stack size, population, and pollutant concentration data

c. meteorological data, pollutant concentration data, and source emissions data (pg. 819)

Which one of the following is false? a. microwaves cause increased molecule vibration b. microwave tissue damage is the result of heat c. microwaves are a form of ionizing radiation d. there is a linear relationship between microwave frequency and tissue penetration

c. microwaves are a form of ionizing radiation

Which one of the following creates perhaps the greatest risk of exposure to ionizing radiation? a. conversion of enriched uranium hexaflouride gas into pellets b. enriching uranium to increase the concentration of the isotope c. mining the uranium d. converting yellow cake to gaseous uranium haxaflouride

c. mining the uranium

An example of _____________ is closing down an establishment without first giving a required statutory notice. a. malfeasance b. nonfeasance c. misfeasance d. none of the above

c. misfeasance (pg. 1297)

To disinfect clear water using 5% household bleach, a. mix 6 to 8 drops of bleach and drink after setting 5 minutes b. mix 6 to 8 drops and let set for 10 minutes c. mix 1 tablespoon to 10 gallons, and let sit for 30 minutes d. drink canned and bottled food and beverage materials even though they were contaminated externally

c. mix 1 tablespoon to 10 gallons, and let sit for 30 minutes

Broken glassware found in contamination risk areas of if suspected to have contained infectious material: a. must be sprayed with a weak concentration of carbolic acid and let sit for a minimum of 5 minutes prior to picking up b. must be left in place no matter how long until the decontamination team arrives c. must be picked up using mechanical means d. all of the above

c. must be picked up using mechanical means

Perhaps the most serious manifestation of damage done as a result of lead being in the bloodstream is to: a. cardiac tissue b. kidney tissue c. nerve tissue d. reproductive cells

c. nerve tissue

The majority of damage from x-rays during fetal development is to the: a. reproductive system b. cardio-respiratory system c. nervous system d. musculoskeletal system

c. nervous system

Parts of the country that fail to bring their pollution levels into compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards are called: a. defect action areas b. deficient areas c. non-attainment areas d. non-compliant areas

c. non-attainment areas

Which one of the following is not a natural source of radiation exposure? a. radioactive minerals b. cosmic radiation c. nuclear power plants d. plants

c. nuclear power plants

The sitting of nuclear facilities is subject to extensive regulation and licensing by the a. federal health department b. national environmental protection agency c. nuclear regulatory commission d. consumer product safety commission

c. nuclear regulatory commission

Beef usually spoils first: a. near the bone b. in the inner portions c. on the surface d. near the edges

c. on the surface (pg. 909)

A primary pollutant is: a. one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and photochemistry b. one that is found in the atmosphere due to natural reactions c. one that is found in the atmosphere in the same form as it exists d. none of the above

c. one that is found in the atmosphere in the same form as it exists

A clean bench should be considered for use: a. as an alternative for a biosafety cabinet b. as an alternative for a fume hood c. only when there is no possible risk to personnel d. when protecting the laboratory environment

c. only when there is no possible risk to personnel (pg. 54)

"Ground radiation" refers to: a. the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the earth b. the amount of short-wave UVA rays that are absorbed c. outward radiation of energy from the earth's surface d. absorption of radiation during darkness

c. outward radiation of energy from the earth's surface

The chemical used as a measure of the oxidant level of the atmosphere at any given time is: a. nitrogen dioxide b. carbon dioxide c. ozone d. sulfur dioxide

c. ozone

The chemical quality of a pool is generally measured by which 2 tests? a. pH and alkalinity b. Alkalinity and TDS c. pH and chlorine residual d. Alkalinity and chlorine residual

c. pH and chlorine residual

Which of the following statements is not true about poliomyelitis? a. there are three viral types most commonly associated with the paralytic illness b. the virus is found both in the oral secretions and feces of infected persons c. paralytic type of polio is often due to the bite of the wood tick d. the use of vaccines has markedly decreased the incidence of polio

c. paralytic type of polio is often due to the bite of the wood tick

The ability of the soil to absorb and allow water and air to pass through is called: a. unloading b. infiltration c. permeability d. soil aeration

c. permeability (pg. 492)

Methyl bromide is used primarily as a: a. fertilizer b. herbicide c. pesticide d. fungicide

c. pesticide (pg. 84)

Why are anti-coagulant type rodenticides coated with paraffin? a. prevents rodents from smelling poison b. slows down killing effect so rodents can die in nest c. prevents decomposition of poison by rain moisture d. increases toxicity of poison

c. prevents decomposition of poison by rain moisture

The dumping of garbage and other refuse at sea in the United States is a. permitted at depths greater than 100 feet b. considered a sanitary practice if weather conditions, distance from shore, and depth of water requirements are met c. prohibited d. not very cost-effective

c. prohibited

The major controversy associated with injury as the result of microwave exposure deals with: a. leukemia b. high levels of microwave absorption c. prolonged low levels of exposure d. development of cataracts

c. prolonged low levels of exposure

In rodent control, the primary method of producing permanent results is: a. fumigating b. poisoning c. proofing d. trapping

c. proofing

Protective equipment such as gloves for workers in contamination risk areas must be: a. offered to the employee at the same cost as paid by the employer b. rewashed prior to use by other employees c. provided at no cost to the employee for work purposes d. all of the above

c. provided at no cost to the employee for work purposes

An ideal floor covering for a kitchen is: a. carpet b. linoleum c. quarry tile d. asphalt tile

c. quarry tile (pg. 975)

The U.S. DOT emergency response guidebook can be used to: a. determine compliance with the U.S. DOT hazardous materials regulations b. create worker safety documents for specific chemicals c. quickly identify the specific or generic classification of hazardous materials during the initial response phase of an incident d. characterize hazardous waste for the purpose of disposal

c. quickly identify the specific or generic classification of hazardous materials during the initial response phase of an incident

When absorbed daytime heat is radiated quickly into space and the temperature of surface air drops below that of the air above it, the condition is referred to as: a. radiant energy b. subsidence inversion c. radiation inversion d. thermal reconditioning

c. radiation inversion

Which of the following inversions develops at night under conditions of relatively clear skies and very light winds? a. subsidence inversion b. frontal inversion c. radiational inversion d. stack emission inversion

c. radiational inversion (pg. 794)

Man-made organic compounds that degrade very slowly are referred to as: a. total organic compounds b. fractory compounds c. refractory organics d. anaerobic organic compounds

c. refractory organics (pg. 480)

One of the most important aspects involved in restoring a child who has been exposed to lead to good health is: a. repeated treatment for the condition b. initiation of intensified schooling for the child c. removal of the child from the source of exposure d. placing the child in the care of a competent physician

c. removal of the child from the source of exposure

The discoverer or x-rays was: a. Crookes b. Curie c. Roentgen d. Becquerel

c. roentgen

Rattus Rattus is also referred to as the: a. house rat b. norway rat c. roof rat d. all of the above

c. roof rat (pg. 1137)

Which would be a plant-derived organic pesticide? a. arsenic b. chlorine c. rotenone d. boron

c. rotenone

The term containment is used in describing: a. control of infectious wastes in the laboratory b. a biosafety cabinet c.safe methods for managing infectious agents in the laboratory d. facilities designed for research on recombinant DNA

c. safe methods for managing infectious agents in the laboratory (pg. 51)

The disease most likely to be transmitted to restaurant customers as a result of the presence of rats in the food prep area is: a. plague b. tularemia c. salmonellosis d. rat bite fever

c. salmonellosis

A major population group that has increased concern associated with exposure to asbestos fibers has been expressed for: a. mine workers b. public service workers c. school children d. factory workers

c. school children

A watertight tank designed to slow down the movement of raw sewage and wastes passing through the soils is known as a: a. pit privy b. spring house c. septic tank d. grease trap

c. septic tank (pg. 512)

In order to obtain :reproducible results" with a soil percolation test, it is very important to: a. add at least 2 inches of gravel to the bottom of the test pit b. cross-reference results with reliable soil maps c. soak the gravel with water before the test is made d. repeat the test of use dual pits

c. soak the gravel with water before the test is made (pg. 500)

A measure of the relativity constant rate at which clear water, maintained at a relatively constant depth, will seep out of a standard size test hole that has been previously saturated is the: a. hydraulic conductivity b. soil permeability test c. soil percolation test d. Baird-Parker saturation test

c. soil percolation test (pg. 499)

Sand filters, elevated systems in suitable fill, evapotranspiration absorption systems, evapotranspiration beds, aeration systems, stabilization ponds or lagoons, recirculating toilets and the like are: a. less effective than subsurface soil absorption systems b. used prior to soil absorption when soil is poor c. sometimes used where soil is unsuitable d. required for treatment in areas of high risk

c. sometimes used where soil is unsuitable (pg. 490)

The amelioration of a disease to reduce disability or dependence resulting from it is called: a. first degree prevention b. second degree prevention c. tertiary prevention d. none of the above

c. tertiary prevention

The "hole in the sky" was first found over: a. the U.S. b. Russia c. the South Pole d. Europe

c. the South Pole

The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere might be occurring because of: a. the increase in UV light reaching the earth's surface b. the decrease in the ozone layer of the earth c. the increased consumption of fossil fuels d. the decrease in the water vapor content of the atmosphere

c. the increased consumption of fossil fuels

A given individual will most easily tolerate noise when: a. the source of noise is considered inevitable b. the individual is the source of the noise c. the source of the noise is from construction d. the individual feels nothing can be done about it

c. the source of the noise is from construction

Which is the correct regarding septic tanks? a. they will eliminate odors b. they will purify sewage c. they will slow down the flow rate so that solids can be settled out d. all of the above

c. they will slow down the flow rate so that solids can be settled out

Outbreaks of _____________ traced to contaminated shellfish between 1900 and 1925 led to the PHS Certification of dealers involved in interstate shipment. a. cholera b. gastroenteritis c. typhoid fever d. dysentery

c. typhoid fever (pg. 967)

Which one of the following, given present conditions, would probably produce the best results in terms of alleviating health damage as a result of childhood exposure to lead? a. soil removal and replacement b. interior housepaint removal c. universal lead screening d. planting foundation shrubs around homes

c. universal lead screening

Considered by many as the source of greatest public exposure related to nuclear power production is: a. power plant emissions b. leakage from power plants c. uranium mill tailings d. radon gas emissions

c. uranium mill tailings

In most areas, radon concentrations tend to be highest in: a. summer b. spring c. winter d. fall

c. winter

The poison of poison ive, oak, and sumac is an oleoresin that is found in all parts of the plant except the: a. leaves b. flowers c. wood d. bark

c. wood (pg. 1151)

Perhaps the most important feature in implementing programs in biosafety is: a. the extensive use of rules and regulations b. the reliance on outside contractors c. working with the client in a consultative mode d.none of the above

c. working with the client in a consultative mode (pg. 56)

Which of the following diseases is not related to rodents in its transmission to man? a. salmonellosis b. leptospirosis c. yellow fever d. rickettsial pox

c. yellow fever

To prepare a slution of 100 mg/l available chlorine, _____________oz of 5.25% bleach with one gallon of water should be used. a. 0.5 b. 1.0 c. 0.33 d. 0.25

d. 0.25 (pg. 990)

Landfill sites should be at least __ from streams, lakes or other surface bodies of water a. 200 feet b. 2000 feet c. 200 yards d. 100 feet

d. 100 feet

A county or regional landfill should provide enough area for a ______ period of operation. a. 5- to 10-year b. 10- to 15-year c. 15- to 20-year d. 20- to 40-year

d. 20- to 40-year

Between 26 B.C. and 395 A.D., the average life expectancy was Choose one answer. a. 73 years b. 36 years c. 45 years d. 24 years

d. 24 years

The hearing ability of a fetus is well-developed by the: a. 18th week of gestation b. 22nd week of gestation c. 26th week of gestation d. 28th week of gestation

d. 28th week of gestation

Lead levels exceeded 10ug/dL in U.S. children aged 6 and under in 1990 (answer found in MMWR March 12, 1993, Vol. 42/No. 9) a. 300,000 b. 3,000 c. 1,000,000 d. 3,000,000

d. 3,000,000 (MMWR)

Adequate light is essential for proper operation, maintenance, and sanitation. A minimum of _____________ foot candles is recommended on work surfaces. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 30

d. 30 (pg. 902)

Storage of clothing, bedding, and any other lice infested items for at last __________ will cause the lice to die of starvation. a. 10 days b. 3 days c. 6 months d. 30 days

d. 30 days (pg. 1129 or 2 weeks in NEHA)

Hydrogen sulfide can be fatal at an exposure of: a. 100 ppm b. 150 ppm c. 225 ppm d. 300 ppm

d. 300 ppm

Hydrogen sulfide can be fatal at exposure of: a. 100 ppm b. 150 ppm c. 225 ppm d. 300 ppm

d. 300 ppm

To provide enough refuse for an incinerator to continuously operate, a refuse storage pit/bin must hold approximately a. 1 day of refuse b. 2 days of refuse c. 3 days of refuse d. 4 days of refuse

d. 4 days of refuse (In NEHA its 2-4 days)

After milk is pasteurized, it should be rapidly cooled to below _________ so that _____________. a. 45 F, any remaining bacteria will be killed by rapid temperature change b. 40 F, molecular activity in any remaining organisms will be stopped c. 40 F, lactic acid bacteria will be slowed in reproduction d. 40 F, the remaining bacteria will not materially increase

d. 40 F, the remaining bacteria will not materially increase (pg. 929)

It takes _____ half-lives to reduce the radioactivity of a radionuclide to about 1% of what it was when first measured a. 200 b. 125 c. 75 d. 7

d. 7

An example of a surface water supply would be: a. A well b. A rock and sand spring c. An earth spring d. A reservoir

d. A reservoir

The leaching of lead from solder into home-brewed liquor is a frequent source of lead poisoning in some rural counties of a. Louisiana b. Mississippi c. Georgia d. Alabama

d. Alabama

Approved public swimming pools should have: a. A pump that will recirculate the contents of the pool every 6 hours b. A filter that is designed for the output of the recirculation pump c. A disinfection system capable of dosing an outdoor pool at 10 mg/liter d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Control of infectious, intestinal diseases of humans requires: a. Provisions of safe water supplies b. Proper waste disposal c. Personal hygiene d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Cross-connections are frequent causes of disease resulting from: a. Back-siphonage of contaminated chemicals b. Backflow of biologically contaminated liquids c. Connections of the water supply to the sewer system d. All of the above

d. All of the above

During nuclear emergencies, ___________ provides technical support. a. EPA b. DOE c. FDA d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Granular activated carbon (GAC) filters are used to: a. Treat water for soft drinks and bottled drinking water b. Remove taste and odor producing compounds c. Remove synthetic organic chemicals (suspected carcinogens) d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Hazardous wastes generated by vehicle maintenance shops include: a. Heavy metal paint wastes b. Ignitable wastes c. Spent solvents d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Hazardous wastes include __________ substances. a. Chemical b. Biological c. Flammable d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Improper use of chemicals or improperly balanced pool or beach water may cause the spread of infectious disease due to: a. Removal of protective coatings of mucous on tissue b. Irritation of skin c. Living organisms in the water d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Many of the problems associated with migrant labor camps are related to: a. Infectious and parasitic diseases b. Economic eploitation c. Poor housing, facilities, and basic sanitation d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Ozone is effective against: a. Amoebic cycts b. Bacteria and phenols c. Viruses d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Ozone is effective against: a. Amoebic cysts b. Bacteria and phenols c. Viruses d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Proper disinfection of water using chlorine depends on the concentration of chlorine plus which of the following? a. Temperature of the water b. pH of the water c. Contact period d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Reduction of the level of fluorides in drinking water can be accomplished by: a. Coagulation b. Lime softening c. Ion exchange d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Swimming pools receive fecal waste, urine, dead tissue, saliva, mucous from the nose, sweat, and pollution and contaminates from the surrounding environment. This emphasizes the importance of proper swimming pool design including: a. Recirculation b. Filtration and proper disinfection c. Proper operation d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The assemblage of large numbers of people in a limited area requires that certain minimum facilities be provided. Some guidelines to assist in the preparation for mass gatherings include: a. A plan showing are of site and location in relation to towns within 20 miles b. Refuse storage and disposal c. Noise control d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The evacuation and survival of individuals in an emergency or natural disaster are dependent on the extent to which: a. Individuals can help themselves b. How soon relief can mustered c. How soon a favorable or controlled environment can be restored d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The safe distance between a well and a waste disposal system is dependent on: a. Chemical processes b. Physical processes c. Biological processes d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The written safety and health program must incorporate: a. Comprehensive work plan b. Medical surveillance program c. Standard operating procedures for safety and health d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Toxic priority pollutants include: a. Arsenic b. Cadmium c. Vinyl chloride d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Turbidity of water will: a. Interfere with proper disinfection b. Harbor viruses c. Cause tastes and odor d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Wastes generated by the construction industry include: a. Ignitable paint wastes b. Spent solvents c. Strong acids and bases d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which conditions indicate organic stream pollution? a. Water has foul odor and is turbid b. Fish counts decrease or disappear c. Increase in worms and snails d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which increases the chance of pollution travel? a. Acidic soil conditions b. Lack of organic materials c. Lack of Fe, Mg, C d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which is included in the sanitary survey of groundwater supplies? a. Aquifer drainage area and local geology b. Nature of soil, rock strata, and local geology c. Land use and habitation, sources of pollution, and local geology d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is (are) fundamental to the control of inorganic chemicals in drinking water? a. Sanitary survey b. Identification of the cources c. Determination of amounts of pollutants d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a method by which recreational waters may be contaminated? a. Infected people b. Surface runoff c. Normal water flora d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which will cause taste and odor in water supplies? a. Coke oven emissions b. Oil refinery wastes c. Algae d. All of the above

d. All of the above

All of the following will generally vary directly with the quantity of water used for domestic purposes except: a. Availability of water b. Habits of the people c. Cost of water d. Amounts of minerals in the water

d. Amounts of minerals in the water

The connection of the pool drain to the sanitary sewer must: a. Be solid copper no less than three inches in diameter b. Be solid cast iron of NSF approved PVC c. Have a properly located cleanout d. Be provided with an air gap no less than 2 pipe diameters of the discharge pipe

d. Be provided with an air gap no less than 2 pipe diameters of the discharge pipe

Domestic wastewater which passes through a sewer system to a POTW (Publicly Owned Treatment Works) is not considered to be a: a. Solid waste b. Hazardous waste c. Sewer waste d. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

Which of the following statements is (are) true? a. All surface water must be considered unsanitary unless given adequate treatment b. All groundwater supplies may be considered safe as a potable water supply c. When considering surface water as a water supply, the entire watershed must be surveyed d. Both a and c above

d. Both a and c above

The ____________ is usually involved in dealing with major disasters. a. American Legion b. Federal Emergency Management Agency c. Red Cross d. Both b and c

d. Both b and c

The DPD test is commonly used for the determination of: a. Ozone b. Quaternary: ammonium c. Iodine d. Chlorine or bromine

d. Chlorine or bromine

Which of the following organisms are most resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions and indicate past or possibly intermittent pollution? a. Fecal Streptococci b. Eschrichia coli c. Aerobacter Aerogenes d. Clostridium Sporulates

d. Clostridium Sporulates

The provisions of the CFR Part 1910 of Title 29 "Bloodborne Pathogens" are under the authority of: a. United States Public Health Service b. Department of Health and Human Services c. Justice Department d. Department of Labor

d. Department of Labor

Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) are most commonly use to: a. Determine the type of pollution of contamination present in natural waters b. Estimate the amount of dissolved oxygen in surface waters c. Define the strength of waste waters d. Determine turbidity

d. Determine turbidity

The best method to reduce diving accidents is to: a. Shorten the distance between the board and water b. Slope the bottom of the pool c. Use a safety factor ratio for depth of water to height of board d. Develop diving training and education programs

d. Develop diving training and education programs

What causes water hardness? a. High concentrations of iron b. Pond, creek, or other surface water c. Well-water supplies that are improperly constructed, protected, or located d. Dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides

d. Dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides

The first major recorded episode of air pollution that produced human casualties occurred in: a. Meuse River Valley, Belgium b. London, England c. Los Angeles, CA d. Donora, PA

d. Donora, PA

When treating water with chlorine in emergency situations, the chlorine dosage should be __________ when the water is turbid or colored (refer to chapter 3). a. Tripled b. Discontinued c. Decreased d. Doubled

d. Doubled

What is the primary organism identified in the fecal coliform test? a. Fecal streptococci b. Enterobacter aeroaenes c. Salmonella typhosa d. Escherichia coli

d. Escherichia coli

Communicable diseases such as typhoid fever, cholera, shigellosis, and infectious hepatitis are most commonly transmitted by the: a. Vector-borne route b. Respiratory route c. Direct contact route d. Fecal/oral, or vehicle-borne route

d. Fecal/oral, or vehicle-borne route

Which of the following is used to control the growth of algae and protozoa? a. Addition of copper sulfate b. Aeration of the water c. Addition of nitrates d. Filtration

d. Filtration

Which of the following is not a type of hazardous waste incinerator? a. Rotary kiln b. Fixed hearth c. Fluidized d. Fuel blending

d. Fuel blending

__________ is considered to be the least damaging to the stratospheric ozone layer. a. CFCs b. methyl bromide c. halon d. HCFCs

d. HCFCs (pg. 70)

Alkalinity exists in three forms. Which is not one of these forms? a. Bicarbonate b. Hydroxide c. Carbonate d. Hypochlorite

d. Hypochlorite

Which of the following is not an option for hazardous waste minimization? a. Treatment b. Waste reduction at the point of generation c. Process modification d. Increased production

d. Increased production

Chemicals that have been used for pool disinfection include chlorine, chloro-iso-cyanurates, bromine and: a. Ammonia b. Soda ash c. Sodium thiosulfate d. Iodine

d. Iodine

The molecular state of hypochlorous acid is the desired product from chlorination of pool waters. This product: a. Is increased with an upward movement of pH b. Is decreased with a lowering of pH c. Is ionized with a pH decrease d. Is 62% molecular at a pH of 7.2

d. Is 62% molecular at a pH of 7.2

The molecular state of hypochlorus acid is the desired product from chlorination of pool waters. This product: a. Is increased with an upward movement of pH b. Is decreased with a lower movement of pH c. Is ionized with a pH decrease d. Is 62% molecular at pH of 7.2

d. Is 62% molecular at pH of 7.2

What does it mean when a body of water ha a high JTU? a. It has low amounts of organic matter b. It has no bacteria c. No one is swimming at this time d. It has high turbidity

d. It has high turbidity

The only country in the world to compensate victims of air pollution is: a. Canada b. Sweden c. Germany d. Japan

d. Japan

Swimming pools have been implicated in many outbreaks of disease, including: a. Rabies b. AIDS c. Taeniasis d. Leptospirosis

d. Leptospirosis

Another name for Epsom salts is: a. Sodium sulfate b. Calcium sulfate c. Zinc sulfate d. Magnesium sulfate

d. Magnesium sulfate

The term "radioactivity" was "coined" by: a. Wilheim Roentgen b. Henri Becquerel c. Henri Crookes d. Marie and Pierre Curie

d. Marie and Pierre Curie

Which contaminant in water is associated with methemoglobinemia? a. Zinc b. Lead c. Copper d. Nitrate

d. Nitrate

Hazardous wastes include: a. Industrial discharges permitted under the FWPCA b. Agricultural wastes c. Permitted irrigational waters d. None of the above

d. None of the above

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was first identified as a pathogen during the investigation of two outbreaks in what tow states? a. Washington and Illinois b. Minnesota and Kentucky c. Texas and Iowa d. Oregon and Michigan

d. Oregon and Michigan (pg. 945)

Which organism would probably survive in a hot tub? a. E. coli b. Vibrio cholera c. Entamoeba histolytica d. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

d. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

What does RCRA stand for? a. Recovery, Conservation, and Refuse Administration b. Radioactive Chemical Recovery Administration c. Radioactive Chemical Recovery Act d. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

d. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

The term "rem" is short for a. roentgen energy measure b. roentgen equivalent measure c. radiation energy measure d. Roentgen Equivalent Man

d. Roentgen Equivalent Man

Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through: a. Solution channels in limestone b. Fissured rock c. Dried out, cracked clay d. Sandy loam or clay

d. Sandy loam or clay

Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through: a. Solution channels in limestone b. Fissured rock c. Dried-out, cracked clay d. Sandy loam or clay

d. Sandy loam or clay

If you had to rely on only one of the following to determine the safety of a drinking water supply, which one would you choose? a. Three consecutive samples showing no coliform b. No chlorides or nitrates in the water c. Watershed area remote and isolated d. Sanitary survey of supply (source, equipment, etc)

d. Sanitary survey of supply (source, equipment, etc)

The amount of radiation damage in human exposure to ionizing radiation is measured in terms of: a. Grays (Gy) b. Relative biological effectiveness (RBEs) c. Rads d. Sieverts

d. Sieverts

The treatment system of a pool is typically recommended to be installed in which of the following flow arrangements? a. Skimmer or gutter line, main drain line, adjustment valves, disinfectant feeder, hair strainer, pump, filter, pH feeder pump, adjustable inlets b.Skimmer or gutter line, main-drain line, adjustment valves, hair strainer, pump, filter, pH feeder pump, adjustable inlets c. Skimmer of gutter line, main drain line, adjustment valves, pH feeder pump, hair strainer, pump filter, disinfectant feeder, adjustable inlets d. Skimmer or gutter line, main drain line, adjustment valves, hair strainer, filter aid pump, filters, disinfectant feeder, pH feeder, adjustment inlets

d. Skimmer or gutter line, main drain line, adjustment valves, hair strainer, filter aid pump, filters, disinfectant feeder, pH feeder, adjustment inlets

If hard water is softened by the ion exchange method, which one of the following will increase? a. Dissolved oxygen b. Iron c. p1-1 d. Sodium

d. Sodium

Which of the following compounds would not contribute to water hardness? a. Calcium sulfate b. Magnesium sulfate c. Calcium chloride d. Sodium chloride

d. Sodium chloride

Which of the following disinfecting compounds can be used full strength for disinfection? a. Perchloron b. Calcium hypochlorite c. Chlorinated lime d. Sodium hypochlorite

d. Sodium hypochlorite

Which federal law regulates underground storage tanks for hazardous substances? a. Clean Water Act b. Federal Water Pollution Control Act c. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act d. Solid Waste Disposal Act

d. Solid Waste Disposal Act

In terms of avoiding acid rainfall, in which of the areas would it be best to live? a. Southern California b. Upstate New York c. Rocky Mountain Region of Colorado d. Southern tip of Florida

d. Southern tip of Florida

What is desalination? a. The detection of detergents in water by laboratory examination b. The process of removing undesirable tastes and odors from domestic water supplies c. One of the classifications for springs d. The conversion of seawater or brackish water to fresh water

d. The conversion of seawater or brackish water to fresh water

Historically in the US, most of the impetus for adequate water treatment came from the need to control: a. Infectious hepatitis b. TB c. Malaria d. Typhoid

d. Typhoid

Infectious Hepatitis A (HAV) is a disease caused by: a. Bacteria b. Protozoa c. Rickettsia d. Virus

d. Virus

Which of the following would be classified as a non-transient, non-community water system (NTNCWS) a. Water supply serving a campground b. Water supply serving a small city c. Water supply serving a highway rest area d. Water supply serving a factory with at least 25 employees

d. Water supply serving a factory with at least 25 employees

A well casing should be equipped with a vent and installed: a. With a sampling tap b. In a pit to prevent freezing c. With a turbine type pump d. With concrete used as grout

d. With concrete used as grout

______ reduces the final volume of wastes. a. compaction b. maceration c. pneumatic transport d. a and b above

d. a and b above

Stability of the atmosphere: a. is the ability to enhance or suppress vertical air motions b. is largely determined by the vertical temperature profile c. refers to the inertness of its composition d. a and b above

d. a and b above (pg. 793)

When the internal temperatures of perishable foods are 40 F, growth of which of the following is inhibited? a. salmonellae b. staphylococci c. bacillus cereus d. a and b above

d. a and b above (pg. 982)

After a septic tank has been cleaned, it should not be scrubbed and disinfected. Why? a. the sludge sticking to the insides would have a seeding effect and assist in renewing the bacterial activity b. you cannot pay anybody enough money to crawl inside one to clean it c. it would be considered a safety hazard d. a and c above

d. a and c above (pg. 520)

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) prohibits the discharge of pollutants into US waters unless a permit is issued by: a. EPA b. the State c. wastewater treatment agency d. a or b

d. a or b (pg. 484)

A soil which is mottled brown and red would indicate: a. saturation for extended periods b. adequate air and water passage c. a soil suitable for subsurface groundwater absorption d. a tight soil probably due to a fluctuating water table or lack of aeration

d. a tight soil probably due to a fluctuating water table of lack of aeration (pg. 493)

A problem that utility companies are intimating may force them to close operation of nuclear power plants is lack of: a. technology to ensure plant safety b. trained personnel to operate the plants c. available resources to monitor plants d. a waste disposal alternative

d. a waste disposal alternative

Which of the following soils would be most suitable for subsurface absorption of wastewater? a. a mottled brown and red soil b. a blue soil c. a grayish soil d. a yellow, brown, or red soil

d. a yellow, brown, or red soil (pg. 493)

A principle(s) for effecting external radiation protection is (are) a. distance b. time of exposure c. shielding d. all of the above

d. all of the above

A state radiation protection program may involve control of a. x-ray units and radioactive materials b. waste disposal c. environmental monitoring and surveillance d. all of the above

d. all of the above

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, solid waste does NOT include a. manures and crop residues that can be returned to the soil as fertilizer or soil conditioners b. mining or milling wastes intended for return to the mine c. solid or dissolved material in domestic sewage d. all of the above

d. all of the above

All patients should be considered to be potentially infectious for HIV and other blood-borne pathogens. Therefore you should: a. wear appropriate personal protective equipment b. properly dispose of all sharps c. wash your hands regularly d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Composting is the controlled decay of organic matter that may come from a. sewage sludge b. agricultural waster c. organic industrial waste d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Compression or shredding of bulky objects before landfilling them will a. improve compaction of the fill b. reduce land volume requirements c. allow for more uniform settlement d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Containers used in site clean-up operations must be marked and labeled in accordance with _______________ regulations. a. OSHA b. EPA c. DOT d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Frequency of collection depends on a. quantity of waste b. time of year c. socioeconomic status of the area served d. all of the above

d. all of the above

In order to achieve a conviction for failure to obey a violation order, which conditions must be satisfied? a. it must be shown that statutory authority for issuance of the order exists b. the defendant had notice of the above c. the defendant failed to heed the notice d. all of the above

d. all of the above

In order to determine the depth at which a sanitary landfill can be operated, which of the following must be determined? a. location of bedrock b. groundwater table c. finished grade d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Open dumps should be considered a. a cause of water pollution b. an odor and smoke nuisance c. a fire hazard d. all of the above

d. all of the above

PCBs have been used in which systems/devices? a. lubrication systems b. transformers c. heat transfer systems d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Regarding radiation exposure, the state has a responsibility to: a. carry out training b. evaluate and make recommendations for program improvement c. require that a competent program can be conducted d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Systems used for treatment and disposal of animal wastes include a. field spreading, oxidation ditch, and incineration b. plow-furrow cover, aerated lagoon, and wet oxidation c. irrigation, anaerobic digestion, and drying d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The average amount of solid waste generated, collected, and disposed of from a particular area is dependent on many local factors such as a. time of the year b. education and economic status of the people c. whether the area is urban or rural d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The common types of radiation area a. x-rays and gamma rays b. alpha and beta particles c. neutrons d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The goal of environmental health programs should be a. the prevention of disease b. the enjoyment of living c. the preservation of comfort d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The most common problems associated with the disposal of hazardous waste are a. public opposition and spills b. groundwater pollution from lagoon and unauthorized dumping c. leachate from landfills, dumps, sludge disposal and other land disposal systems d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The spread of ______ is (are) encouraged when uncooked garbage is fed to hogs a. trichinosis to humans b. hog cholera c. vesicular exanthema in swine d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The temperature of the gases leaving the furnace is reduced by a. spraying with water b. dilution with cool air c. passing through heat exchanges d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The wastewater generated from washing out refuse bins and containers a. can be disposed of with the garbage b. must pass through a grease trap before entering a sewerage system c. should not be allowed to run onto the surface of the ground d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Uncontrolled hazardous waste sites must have an emergency response plan with the following elements: a. emergency recognition and prevention b. site security and control c. emergency alerting and response procedures d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Under which conditions would a pesticide operator wear a respirator? a. exposed to small amounts of toxics for a short time b. exposed to large amounts of tosics for a short time c. exposed to large amounts of toxics for a short time d. all of the above

d. all of the above

When the whole body is irradiated, the most radiosensitive area(s) is (are) a. spleen b. lymph nodes c. bone marrow d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following best describes sources of radiation? a. natural background b. radioactive fallout from nuclear testing or use of nuclear devices c. radiation from medical diagnosis and treatment, industrial, or other man-made sources d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following exposures should be considered in assessing radiation hazard? a. natural background b. medical or occupational c. radiation ingested through air, water, and food d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Why is it a good practice to paint 6 inch wide white lines along walls inside a warehouse? a. aids in detection of insects b. aids in detection of rodents c. serves as a reminder not to stock material next to the wall d. all of the above

d. all of the above

___ routinely sample air, water, and food supplies for radionuclides. a. the FDA b. the USEPA c. the NRC d. all of the above

d. all of the above

hazardous wastes include which of the following types of substances? a. chemical and biological b. radioactive c. explosive d. all of the above

d. all of the above

A pesticide that __________ is referred to as a "Restricted Classification" pesticide and is generally not available to the homeowner or food establishment owner. a. is highly toxic b. requires special knowledge for application c. requires special equipment for application d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1104)

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act: a. requires that an Environmental Agency registration number be put on all pesticide products b. provides for registration of pesticides manufacturing and formulating c. provides for State certification of applicators who are qualified to use certain restricted pesticides d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1104)

Malaria prevention programs have been losing their effectiveness in many countries mainly because of: a. inadequate funding and research b. adaption of mosquitoes to new environments c. resistance to certain insecticides and resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to drugs used to prevent and treat malarial infections d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1113)

Wasps are usually attracted to: a. bright-colored clothing b. hair oils c. smooth-textured clothing d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1136)

Rattus norvegicus is also referred to as the: a. sewer rat b. norway rat c. house rat d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1137)

CDC advocates a multi-tiered approach for environmental management of lead threats. This approach has which of the following steps? a. investigation and reduction of hazards b. near universal screening c. identification and remediation of hazards d. all of of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1219)

The major potential entry sources of radon are: a. cracks in concrete floors b. floor drains c. drainage sumps d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1219)

Exposure to formaldehyde can cause: a. irritation to the respiratory passages b. contact dermatitis c. disturbed sleep d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1221)

The best control of formaldehyde air pollution in the home is: a. avoidance of the use of formaldehyde containing products b. the coating and sealing of materials containing formaldehyde c. increasing the amount of outside air d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1221)

Most mobile homes are: a. occupied by the owners b. 33% are 65 years old or older c. 33% are 35 years old or younger d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1231)

The reasons for nosocomial infections in hospitals and nursing homes are: a. older patients with chronic diseases b. increased numbers of high risk patients c. invasive procedures d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1233)

Which of the following are most frequent disease transmission routes in child day care centers? a. respiratory b. fecal oral route c. intimate contact d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 1246)

Chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration remove: a. most bacteria b. most viruses and protozoa c. most helminths d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 474)

Primary sedimentation can remove _____________ found in soil, water, and wastewater. a. 50 to 90% of the bacteria b. 30 to 50% of the ascaris c. 80% of the schistosomes d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 474)

Trickling filters can remove 90 to 95% of the ____________ found in soil, water, and wastewater. a. bacteria b. viruses c. Vibrio cholerae d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 474)

Chlorination of untreated wastewater is typically NOT an effective treatment for: a. Entamoeba histolytica cysts b. giardia cysts c. tapeworm eggs d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 475)

Wastewater is used water from a home or community and the strength is expressed in terms of: a. BOD b. COD c. suspended solids d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 478)

Nutrients associated with eutrophication include: a. phosphates b. nitrogen c. organic carbon d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 488)

The degree of eutrophication of a lake is indicated by: a. the quantity of planktonic algae b. reduced water transparency c. dissolved oxygen in the water near the surface d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 488)

Loam is composed of which of the following? a. sand b. gravel c. silt d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 492)

The permeability of soil is directly related to the ____________ of the soil. a. chemical composition b. color and texture c. granular structure d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 492)

Which of the following would be a cause of septic-tank failure? a. lack of routine cleaning of the septic tank b. leaking plumbing fixtures c. improper design and construction of the absorption system d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 523)

A class 2 biological safety cabinet (BSC) is designed to protect: a. the work being done in the BSC b. the personnel using the BSC c. the environment d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 54)

The plans for an area to be sewered should: a. be prepared by a licensed professional engineer b. include specifications and an engineering report c. include the problem, objectives and design details d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 579)

The effectiveness of disinfection depends on: a. the degree of treatment the sewerage has received b. the amount of chlorine used, and the residual chlorine maintained c. the mixing and retention period d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 582)

Air Pollution is the presence of ___________ in the outside air in amounts that are injurious or detrimental to humans, animals. plants, or property. a. solids b. gases c. liquids d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 767)

The effects of air pollution are influenced by: a. wind speed, and direction b. sunlight c. precipitation d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 767)

Fluorocarbons in the atmosphere are of concern because they may: a. react with the ozone in the upper atmosphere, thus reducing the total amount of ozone available b. cause an increase in ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth c. cause an increase in skin cancers and changes in our climate, animal, and plant life d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 775)

The meteorological elements that have the most direct and significant effects on the distribution of air pollutants are: a. solar radiation b. wind speed and direction c. precipitation and stability d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 791)

Sources of pollutants can generally be classified as: a. line sources b. area sources c. point sources d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 819)

The major factors related to hearing loss are: a. time duration of exposure and repeated impact b. intensity of sound waves c. frequency content of sound d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 832)

It is possible to control noise: a. at the source b. in its path of transmission c. where it is received d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 836)

Pasteurization of milk product does not eliminate which of the following? a. toxins b. anthrax spores c. pesticides d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 943)

Quality control of milk includes which of the following? a. transportation, herd health b. milk handling, processing c. distribution, refrigeration d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 943)

Routine and frequent inspections of food-processing and food-service establishments alone does not ensure that adequate levels of sanitation will be met. Inspections must be supplemented with: a. quality control b. education c. management supervision d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 960)

Mussels from _______________ contain a chemical poison during certain times of the year which is not destroyed during cooking. a. the Pacific coast b. England c. Europe d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 961)

Proper facility lighting is essential for: a. cleanliness b. accident prevention c. fatigue reduction d. all of the above

d. all of the above (pg. 976)

Refuse in an established sanitary landfill decomposes by the bacterial process of: a. aerobic decomposition b. psychrophilic decomposition c. thermophilic decomposition d. anaerobic decomposition

d. anaerobic decomposition

The mosquito genus responsible for the transmission of malaria is: a. Culex b. Aedes c. Plasmodium d. Anopheles

d. anopheles

The best sanitary landfill method for an area with rolling terrain is the a. low-area method b. valley or ravine area method c. trench method d. area or ramp method

d. area or ramp method

Large items that are not salvaged should be a. set directly into the landfill b. placed in an alternative location c. compressed or shredded d. b and c

d. b and c (answer is any of the above but I don't think A is one of them)

Employers are required to develop and implement a program to inform _____________ of the degree of exposure likely as a result of participation in hazardous waste operations. a. employees b. contractors c. attorneys d. both a and b

d. both a and b

The sand filter is used to: a. remove suspended solids from water b. remove bacteria from water c. sterilize water d. both a and b

d. both a and b (pg. 543)

Additional fuel is needed to incinerate refuse a. with 30 percent or less rubbish b. with 50 percent or more moisture c. with 10 percent or more metals d. both a and b above

d. both a and b above

Following a disaster, raw food should be: a. washed in bleach b. cooked well c. avoided if possible d. both b and c

d. both b and c

Which disease can be transmitted by birds? a. yellow fever b. psittacosis c. ornithosis d. both b and c

d. both b and c

Which of the following allows for 95 percent or more volume reduction of municipal solid wastes? a. incineration b. pyrolysis c. high-temperature incineration d. both b and c above

d. both b and c above

Catalytic converters work to reduce all of the following except: a. carbon monoxide b. hydrocarbons c. nitrogen oxides d. carbon dioxide

d. carbon dioxide

The consumer product most significant in terms of radiation exposure is: a. wrist watch dials b. TV receivers c. microwave ovens d. cigarettes

d. cigarettes

Which would not be considered suitable for disposal of sewage by subsurface means? a. loam b. gravel c. silt d. clay

d. clay

Which one of the following, when burned, emits the most carbon dioxide? a. wood b. natural gas c. oil d. coal

d. coal

How are total suspended particles measured? a. flame photometry and weighing b. gas filtration c. flame ionization d. collection and weighing

d. collection and weighing (pg. 785)

Practically all foods, whether canned, pickled, cured, or dried: a. perish and become part of the phosphorus cycle b. are no longer sanitary after six months on the shelf c. will become unsanitary after eighteen months of storage d. deteriorate upon storage

d. deteriorate upon storage (pg. 922)

In unsewered areas, the responsibility for water and sewer for new subdivisions is assigned to the: a. local department of public works b. local government c. new owners d. developer

d. developers (pg. 1182)

Rodents are the primary reservoir/host of the hantavirus. In particular, _________ appears to be the primary reservoir for the newly recognized (1993) Hantavirus in the southeastern U.S. a. rat b. rabbit c. house mouse d. door mouse

d. door mouse

Mycotoxins are poisonous chemicals produced by: a. bacteria b. vertebrates c. viruses d. fungi

d. fungi

For which one of the following has no direct, causative link been conclusively established: a. lung cancer b. asbestosis c. multiple myeloma d. gastrointestinal cancer

d. gastrointestinal cancer

Concern over increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere revolve around issues of: a. human health b. air pollution c. plant destruction d. global temperature

d. global temperature

The use of a cesspool is prohibited due to: a. potential for odor b. cost c. space required d. greater potential for groundwater contamination

d. greater potential for groundwater contamination (pg. 535)

To produce thermal effects, microwave energy is converted to ___ in the body or organism a. chemical energy b. mechanical energy c. power d. heat

d. heat

Untreated surface disposal of residential sewage is most likely to be a cause of: a. anthrax b. botulism c. plague d. hepatitis

d. hepatitis

Individuals particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of cadmium are those who are deficient in: a. phosphorous b. zinc c. potassium d. iron

d. iron

A correct statement about police power is that it: a. is largely reserved for the federal government by the constitution b. refers to the alleged abuse of persons arrested c. cannot be used except by officially appointed police officers d. is a plenary and inherent attribute of sovereign governments

d. is a plenary and inherent attribute of sovereign governments

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a license or permit? a. operates through the administrative lifting of a legislative prohibition b. may be subject to certain specified conditions c. allows the regulator to control the licensees activities by consent d. is a semi-voluntary device to carry on his or her occupation with government approval

d. is a semi-voluntary device to carry on his or her occupation with government approval

Police power: a. is about derived from mostly federal laws b. is assigned entirely to the federal government by the constitution c. cannot be used except by police officers d. is almost exclusively left to individual states to establish and enforce laws for the citizen welfare

d. is almost exclusively left to individual states to establish and enforce laws for the citizen welfare

A major problem associated with cadmium poisoning is: a. reproductive difficulty b. osteomalacia c. alopecia d. kidney failure

d. kidney failure

UVA has been associated with all of the following except: a. excessive skin wrinkling b. cataracts c. enhancement of the effects of the sun d. lessened sunburning

d. lessened sunburning

The insect infestation on humans known as pediculosis is caused by: a. fleas b. mites c. ticks d. lice

d. lice

Which is not an organophosphate pesticide? a. parathion b. TEPP c. DDVP d. lindane

d. lindane

Which one of the following is probably least susceptible to microwave induced injury? a. eyes b. urinary bladder c. gastrointestinal tract d. liver

d. liver

Which one of the following is not an anticipated benefit of regularly using a sunscreen of SPF 15 from infancy through age 18 is: a. less sunburn b. slower aging of the skin c. lowered risk of melanoma d. lowered risk of oat cell carcinoma

d. lowered risk of oat cell carcinoma

Flies generally spread disease by: a. cyclo-development transmission b. propagative transmission c. fecal contamination d. mechanical transmission

d. mechanical transmission

Following an inspection and the written report, and prior to leaving the site, it is desirable to: a. inform the supervisor about how to correct the items noted b. check bacteria counts and other available information c. notify the office that the inspection has been completed d. meet with management and discuss the significance of the items

d. meet with management and discuss the significance of the items

Which one of the following does not seem to be associated with exposure to microwaves? a. cataracts b. chromosomal abnormalities c. birth defects d. men fathering only male offspring

d. men fathering only male offspring

Contaminated needles must always be: a. recapped after use b. cut to ensure that they are not used again c. washed in hot soapy water prior to reuse d. none of the above

d. none of the above

The FDA requires that sunlamps that radiate UV rays be equipped with timers which automatically shut off after a. 30 minutes or less b. 20 minutes or less c. 10 minutes or less d. none of the above

d. none of the above

Which of the following composting method will require limited land space? a. beccari method b. bangalore process c. fairfield-hardy process d. none of the above

d. none of the above

Radon cannot be reduced with which of the following devices? a. humidifier b. electrostatic precipitators c. ionizers d. none of the above

d. none of the above (pg. 1217)

Poor health in a food handler exposes food to unacceptable risks of contamination; therefore, a physical exam should be required: a. every 3 years b. every 2 years c. every year d. none of the above

d. none of the above (pg. 907)

Which one of the following is best to use when sanitizing food contact equipment? a. phenols b. copper c. zinc d. none of the above

d. none of the above (pg. 941)

If a health official failed to close a restaurant known to have imminent health dangers, this is: a. misdemeanor b. malfeasance c. misfeasance d. nonfeasance

d. nonfeasance

In the APHA-PHS Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance, the responsibility of storing and disposing of all rubbish is assigned to the: a. owner b. occupant c. landlord d. owner and occupant jointly

d. owner and occupant jointly (pg. 1168)

______________ can be formed as a result of the sun's action on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. a. sulfur dioxide b. hydrogen sulfide c. chlorofluorocarbons d. ozone

d. ozone (pg. 782)

Ozone disinfection has many advantages, Which of the following is not true? a. ozone is non-toxic to aquatic organisms b. ozone can be a source of dissolved oxygen c. ozone is a good viricide d. ozone is approximately equal in cost to chlorine

d. ozone is approximately equal in cost to chlorine (pg. 586)

Acid condensates, dust, soot, and smoke are considered: a. sulfur dioxides b. nitrogen oxides c. "naxes" d. particulate matter

d. particulate matter

The Ringelmann smoke chart method of evaluating particle pollution in the atmosphere is being replaces by a determination of the: a. percent density b. percent mist c. percent dusts d. percent opacity

d. percent opacity (pg. 789)

A standard for dishwashing that states that the "total bacteria count should not exceed one hundred per utensil surface" is an example of what type of objective? a. enforceable b. specification c. compliance d. performance

d. performance (pg. 1298)

The one of the following which is not ordinarily used as a fumigant: a. ethylene oxide b. hydrogen cyanide c. methyl bromide d. phosphorus pentoxide

d. phosphorus pentoxide

Psittacosis/Ornithosis is spread by: a. bats b. shellfish c. rodents d. pigeons

d. pigeons (pg. 1148)

What etiological agent for malaria is most fatal to man? a. plamodium ovale b. plasmodium malariae c. plasmodium vivax d. plasmodium falciparum

d. plasmodium falciparum

Which of the following food are not high risk for transmitting listeriosis? a. soft cheese b. hot dogs c. raw vegetables d. potato chips

d. potato chips (pg. 951)

The Greenhouse Effect is the result of: a. the bombardment of the earth by ultraviolet rays b. the absorption of UVA by the ozone layer c. the diffusion of UVB by the tropopause d. re-radiation of infrared waves back to the earth's surface

d. re-radiation of infrared waves back to the earth's surface

What is the most important step in the use of pesticides? a.use the right pesticide for the job b. wear proper PPE c. use the pesticide downwind d. read the label

d. read the label

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 did all of the following except: a. expand the scope of regulatory requirements b. address new issues ignored in earlier amendments c. create more consistency with other environmental issues d. reauthorize funding for the EPA

d. reauthorize funding for the EPA

The pipeline milker: a. was first introduced in 1854 and is still used today b. is vastly inferior to Branigien's Quadra-Path Sterilizer c. was a welcome improvement to Branigien's so called "sterilizer" d. requires special attention to ensure its sanitary condition

d. requires special attention to ensure its sanitary condition (pg. 935)

The major effects of air pollution on human health deal with: a. skin irritations b. heart problems c. eye problems d. respiratory problems

d. respiratory problems

What two factors determine the groundwater contamination potential from a septic tank? a. size of tank and depth to groundwater b. contaminants in tank and soil characteristics c. permeability of septic tank materials and soil characteristics d. soil characteristics and depth to groundwater

d. soil characteristics and depth to groundwater

The scientific name of a certain microorganism is Clostridium perfringens. The second word of this name indicates the: a. class b. genus c. phylum d. species

d. species

Inhalation of which of the following may result in chronic airway resistance? a. carbon monoxide b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen dioxide d. sulfur dioxide

d. sulfur dioxide

Which component of clean, dry air has the smallest volume? a. carbon monoxide b. nitrogen dioxide c. ammonia d. sulfur dioxide

d. sulfur dioxide (pg. 768)

Which of the following is not a primary pollutant? a. sulfur dioxide b. hydrocarbon c. nitrogen dioxide d. sulfuric acid

d. sulfuric acid (pg. 782)

The first Federal standards for occupational exposure to noise were issued by: a. the Department of Transportation b. the Federal Aviation Administration c. the Department of Housing and Urban Development d. the Department of Labor

d. the Department of Labor (pg. 841)

Compactibility of soil in landfills depends primarily on: a. the point at which refuse is discharged on the fill b. the type of refuse to be compacted c. the moisture content of the soil d. the gradient of the particle size of the soil

d. the gradient of the particle size of the soil

The shorter the wave length a. the higher the frequency and lower the energy b. the lower the frequency and energy c. the lower the frequency and higher the energy d. the higher the frequency and energy

d. the higher the frequency and energy

Perhaps the most important determinant of the cancer-causing potential of asbestos is: a. the type of asbestos mineral to which one is exposed b. the physical properties of asbestos c. the chemical properties of asbestos d. the size of the asbestos fibers to which one is exposed

d. the size of the asbestos fibers to which one is exposed

In the environmental planning of a rural subdivision, what basic information would you utilize in determining if both individual water and sewage systems could be placed on each home site? a. the state sanitary code b. the size of the septic tank c. the depth of the water wells d. the size of the lot

d. the size of the lot

The three essentials for combustion in an incinerator are a. temperature, time, and heat b. time, temperature, and moisture c. temperature, heat and fuel d. time, temperature, and turbulence

d. time, temperature, and turbulence

What material has a high melting point and high atomic number and is used to make a target which stops x-rays? a. copper b. lead c. aluminum d. tungsten

d. tungsten

Which one of the following is not a part of particulate radiation? a. Proton b. Neutron c.Electron d. x-ray

d. x-ray

Following a disaster, raw food should be: a. washed in bleach b. cooked well c. avoided if possible d. both b and c

d.both b and c

It is generally accepted that the most widespread chemical contaminant known is: a. dioxin b. mercury c. polychlorinated biphenyls d. lead

polychlorinated biphenyls

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