Sustainability Exam 1

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Distribution centers are the most efficient for small fashion brand companies that ship merchandise directly to the consumer.

FALSE

____ reflect companies' compliance with or exceeding legal limits of use of hazardous substances across their supply chains.

Restricted substance lists

repurpose

using waste materials again with new purpose

recycle

waste materials are made suitable for reuse

20% of industrial water pollution comes from textile dyeing and treatment

TRUE

social justice is goal AND process

goal: full and equal participation, process: ensure distribution of resources is equitable

external advocacy

local, federal and global inclusion policies

fit obsolescence

no longer fits due to changes in body or laundering

psychological obsolescence

no longer projects individual's self image

The phrase ____ refers to three equal aspects that companies need to address: economic prosperity, social justice, and environmental quality.

triple bottom line

4 stages of product life cycle

1. Introduction 2. Growth 3. Maturity 4. Decline

environmental impacts of conventional cotton:

1. consumed less than HALF the energy required for production of polyester and viscose 2. water consumption VERY high due to cultivation process 3. transportation has big environmental impact 4. has HIGHEST toxicity impact due to chemicals used

strategies for longevity of use in design

1. high quality and durable fabrics and construction techniques 2. classic design or design for style adaptability 3. fewer and trans-seasonal collections 4. modular and/or multi-functional designs

4 steps of fashion process

1. new fashion created 2. public introduction 3. acceptance 4. obsolescence

3 types of textile waste

1. pre-consumer textile waste: created during manufacturing process (fabric scraps) 2. post-consumer textile waste: carpets, towels, etc. thrown away by consumers 3. industrial waste: generated from industry practices (filters and wiping rags)

3 methods of slow fashion movement

1. use of small-scale, traditional techniques 2. local sourcing 3. co-creation/co-production

strategies to reduce carbon footprint:

1. using products not the by-product of fossil fuel 2. reduce energy used from non-renewable resources 3. increase use of renewable energy resources 4. decrease overall energy use

Which of the following statements about textile waste is true?

Preconsumer textile waste includes fabric selvages, fabric scraps, and fabric left over from the cutting process.

Both pre- and postconsumer textile waste materials can be converted for use in industry applications (e.g., wiping rags, filters, spill absorption).

TRUE

Economic sustainability occurs when social and environmentally sustainable practices are financially feasible.

TRUE

Environmental sustainability is considered as one of the biggest challenges of today due to urbanization, industrialization, modern agricultural practices, and increased emission of greenhouse gases leading to global warming.

TRUE

In general, fashion brand companies strive to minimize the amount and distance components and finished goods must travel.

TRUE

Inaccurate sales forecasting can result in overproduction of merchandise and surplus of inventory.

TRUE

Lenzing's Tencel® lyocell is one of the most common of commercially available environmentally responsible manufactured fibers.

TRUE

Lyocell is the most environmentally responsible method to create a regenerated cellulosic fiber.

TRUE

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, clothing was handmade to create one's own clothes.

TRUE

Results of life cycle assessment of organic cotton indicated that organic cotton production uses less water and energy than the production of conventional cotton.

TRUE

Social change refers to transformation of cultural and social institutions over time.

TRUE

Sustainability refers to the ability to maintain or improve standards of living without damaging or depleting natural resources for present and future generations.

TRUE

The Industrial Revolution led to the mechanization of the garment sewing process, resulting in the rise of contract factories, homework, and sweatshops.

TRUE

The LCA of a pair of Levi's® 501® Jeans revealed that consumer care and fabric production had the greatest impact on climate change and energy use.

TRUE

Upcycling preconsumer textile waste into fashion collections is a form of zero waste fashion design.

TRUE

Which of the following is not a goal of environmental sustainability?

reduce reliance on energy resources such as solar energy and energy from wind

A fashion brand company's ____ include the policies and requirements for customers to exchange or send back defective, incorrect (e.g., incorrect size), unwanted merchandise.

return plan

economic sustainability occurs when ___ and ___ sustainable practices are financially possible

social and environmentally

style/aesthetic obsolescence

style of product no longer perceived as fashionable

relationship between time and sales vary on...

style, fashion and fad

carbon footprint

the measurement to evaluate and communicate the amount of fossil fuels consumed

Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), bluesign® standard, and the Recycled Claim Standard by Textile Exchange are all examples of _____.

third-party certifications for textile products

goal of LCA:

to understand product's environmental footprint

Physical distribution of fashion products refers to the outbound flow of goods from the factory to the consumer.

true

Which of the following is not an example of ways in which fashion brand companies enhance the environmental sustainability of their building and facilities?

use of non-renewable energy such as natural gas

Which of the following is an example of postconsumer textile waste?

used clothing that ends up in landfill

zero waste fashion design

using ALL scraps and leftover fabric

Of the following fibers used to make materials for apparel, the least environmentally responsible is:

viscose rayon

open loop recycling:

recycled materials converted into new raw materials and products

longevity of use

-extending the life of fashions -strategies included throughout the life cycle of products -requires intentional behaviors from both the manufacturer and consumer

LYOCELL

-form of rayon that consists of cellulose fiber -Tencel(TM) comes from pulp of trees dissolved in non-toxic organic solvent -can be blended with other fibers -best known for soft touch and comfort -flows like rayon -resists wrinkles like polyester knit -

GLOBAL LEADERSHIP AWARD IN SUSTAINABLE APPAREL strategies to reduce water consumption:

-use less water to grow cotton -eliminate chemicals in waste/recycled water -use less water in fiber processing -less water use in care of apparel

product life cycle assessment (LCA)

Analysis & measurement of environmental footprint related to the product through examining inputs, outputs & potential environmental impacts (ISO)

triple bottom line

profit: economic sustainability, people: performance of social responsibility, and planet: environmental responsibility

higg index

Collection of tools that enables companies of all sizes at every stage in production to accurately measure & score company or product's sustainability performance

According to the triple bottom line framework, companies need to address three bottom lines in their decision-making: financial profit, company growth, and reducing cost of doing business.

FALSE

Although human trafficking and exploitation of factory workers in the global fashion industry was an issue in the past, industry alliances and social compliance programs have essentially alleviated these practices.

FALSE

Although there are numerous certifications that verify organic cotton, there are no certifications for other organic fibers.

FALSE

In the textile mills, the work was very labor intensive which attracted strong men.

FALSE

It is always less expensive for direct-to-consumer fashion brand companies to send a new product (e.g., new size, non-defective) to a customer without requiring them to return the wrong, unwanted, or defective product.

FALSE

It is estimated that approximately 85% of all postconsumer textile waste is recovered (e.g., recycled, reused, etc.).

FALSE

Life cycle assessments are easy to conduct and provide companies with a single "score" related to the environmental impact of their products.

FALSE

Most conventional cotton is grown in countries and regions that have plentiful water supplies; therefore, reducing water pollution is the primary issue associated with production of conventional cotton.

FALSE

The most effective strategy a fashion brand company can implement to enhance environmental sustainability is to increase the consumption of non-renewable resources.

FALSE

The price of clothing over time has gone up, making it difficult for consumers to purchase clothing now than in the early 1900s.

FALSE

Unfortunately, most environmentally responsible materials have been developed for proprietary use of fashion brand companies and are not available for other companies to purchase and/or use.

FALSE

Wastewater created through the wet processing techniques in textile production is an example of postconsumer textile waste.

FALSE

Wool is the most common natural fiber used to create apparel products, which accounts for almost half of all fibers used in textiles.

FALSE

Which of the following statements about packaging is true?

Fashion brand companies can reduce the environmental impact of packaging by reducing the amount of fillers used in the container.

The ___ is a collection of self-assessment tools that designers, product developers, and sourcing analysts can use in measuring the environmental impact of their product development decisions.

Higg Index

Which of the following statements about life cycle assessment (LCA) is false?

LCAs are the best method for determining the potential value of marketing environmentally responsible products.

Fashion brand companies strive to have the ____ sales forecasts possible to assure economic, environmental, and social sustainability.

MOST ACCURATE

is there formal legislation on fashion diversity and inclusion laws in US?

NO!

equity is the GOAl, not the process. the goal:

promote justice, impartiality, and fairness

Which of the following statement about sustainability is false?

Social sustainability occurs when individuals move across borders and the diversity of communities expand.

____ is exemplified by companies that have continued financial success over time and have contributed to the economic development of a community or region with business practices that foster social equity and environmental responsibility.

Sustainable development

A fashion brand company may use the Higg Index to assess environmental and social/labor impact of decisions.

TRUE

A key strategy in reducing the amount of water used by the fashion industry is to eliminate chemicals in wastewater and increase water recycling in textile dyeing and finishing processes.

TRUE

Taking used/worn sweaters that can no longer be worn and creating mittens, pillows, and blankets from the materials is an example of ____ postconsumer textile waste.

UPCYCLING

closed loop recycling

focused on supply chain sustainability -> new fabrics

technical obsolescence

When a product is no longer technically superior to other similar products.

fast fashion

accelerated fashion process as new fashion is introduced on regular basis

Strategies to reduce the amount of water used by the fashion industry include all of the following except:

adding chemicals to wastewater to improve its recyclability

yulex

alternative to synthetic fiber (bio-rubber)

reclaimed fibers

collecting fabrics scraps to create a new fiber

If a fashion brand company wanted to ship large quantities of basic merchandise from their factories in China to their retail outlets in the United States, the company would most likely use which of the following modes of transportation?

combination of ocean or sea freight and truck freight

slow fashion movement

create more sustainable industry through systems thinking, extending product life and enhancing consumer connections

inclusion refers to...

degree that diverse individuals are able to participate in decision making processes

upcycle

discarded materials are transformed to create items of higher value than what was discarded, WITHOUT changing composition of original material

social change

discernible transformation of cultural and social institutions over time

fashion cycle

dynamic mechanism of change though which a potential new fashion is created and transmitted from point of creation to public introduction, acceptance and obsolescence

how are fashion items promoted?

fashion show, fashion editorials, fashion advertising in magazines + media, store displays

internal advocacy

in-house policies for inclusion amongst employees

supplier/vendor

inclusion policies between supplier and vendor

universal design

inclusive design made by considering diverse needs

Which of the following is not a strategy used by fashion brand companies to decrease the environmental impact of their products?

increased use of non-renewable energy sources

Social sustainability: ability for social system/community functions ______________ at a certain level of social welfare through common structures and processes

indefinitely

economic obsolescence

less costly to purchase new item than repair old item

the industrial revolution birthed...

machine made products -> ready to wear fashion

the largest amount of all textile waste is...

post consumer textile waste


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