SYG2230 ch.1

Which of the following is an ethnic group?

Bulgarian Americans

Underrepresenting non-European material exemplifies

Eurocentrism.

Which of the following best describes the power relationship between groups?

European colonization of African and Asian populations

Social distance refers to how far away your relatives and friends live.

FALSE

Within any society, groupings of people by race, religion, tribe, culture, or lifestyle can generate a sense of familiarity and belonging.

FALSE

________ functions refer to obvious and intended results, while ________ functions mean hidden and unexpected results.

Manifest, latent

Sometimes the social distance maintained between minority groups is greater than that preserved between each minority and the dominant group.

TRUE

When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice

endogamy.

A minority group is

less powerful than the dominant group.

Which of the following best describes each theory and its interpretation of North Korean communist regime?

) conflict theory: communist regime was created to act against false consciousness

________ refers to the movement of people into a new country to become permanent residents. So we could speak, for example, of the emigration of people from Peru and their immigration into the United States.

Immigration

Which of the following does not explain the relationship between strangers and natives

Strangers have a higher degree of subjectivity about the natives because the strangers' geographic mobility reflects mobility in their minds as well.

Natives tend to perceive strangers in an abstract, typified way

TRUE

Which of the following is not true

The ingroup always views the outgroup as inferior

Pluralist advocates criticize which of the following?

all of the above A) Afrocentrism B) ethnocentrism C) Eurocentrism

An example of an ascribed status is a

female

Functional theory does not emphasize

imbalance of power.

Arguing Western civilization derives from the black African influence on Egyptian civilization is a bolder form of

Afrocentrism.

Which of the following is the example of intersubjective understanding

Americans saying "hello" or "how are you?" when they see each other

________ is a variation of ethnocentrism in which the content, emphasis, or both in history, literature, and other humanities primarily, if not exclusively, concern Western culture. One counterforce to Eurocentrism is ________, a viewpoint emphasizing African culture and its influence on Western civilization and the behavior of American blacks.

Eurocentrism, Afrocentrism

Interactionists focus on the macrosocial world of personal interaction patterns in everyday life

FALSE

Manifest functions are better than latent functions

FALSE

Since strangers experience a "lack of historicity," they often fail to observe things that go unnoticed by the natives, such as natives' customs, social institutions, appearances, and lifestyle.

FALSE

The adjustment from stranger to neighbor moves along a continuum without friction.

FALSE

Which of the following is an example of categoric knowing

If a visiting Korean asks for pizza rather than sushi, the host may conclude that all Koreans like pizza.

Which of the following is not true for racism?

It links the psychological conditions of a human mentality with alleged sociocultural capabilities and behaviors to assert the superiority of one race

According to Aristotle, "We like those who resemble us, and are engaged in the same pursuits

TRUE

Conflict theorists ask the important question, "Who benefits

TRUE

Functionalists believe that society is a stable, cooperative social system in which everything has a function and provides the basis of a harmonious society.

TRUE

Many people still call the United States a great melting pot where people of all races, religions, and nationalities come to be free and to improve their lives.

TRUE

People may be of different races but still be members of the same ethnic group.

TRUE

Sociologists use historical documents, reports, surveys, ethnographies and direct observation to systematically gather empirical evidence about intergroup relations.

TRUE

There are five national surveys measuring students' preferences among racial groups. The distribution shows white Americans, Canadians, and northern and western Europeans in the top third, with southern, central, and eastern Europeans in the middle third, and racial minorities in the bottom third.

TRUE

Which of the following is not true for minority groups

The group is easily identifiable because of distinguishing physical or cultural characteristics that are held in high esteem.

Social distance studies have found

a fairly consistent pattern over the decades

The natives' ________ typifications about the strangers become more concrete through social interaction. As Schutz said, "The vacant frames become occupied by vivid experiences."

abstract

Which of the following is the right matching?

all of the above A) emigration: Jose, Mexican, moves to San Antonio from Mexico City B) immigration: Paul, Russian, leaves Russia to move to China C) emigration: Jean, Korean, comes to the U.S. from Seoul D) immigration: Buddy, Indian, gets a job in San Francisco and moves to the U.S. E) all of the above

Which of the following examples best describes the concepts of structural changes and institutional contradictions of C. Wright Mills?

all of the above A) urban African American or Hispanic American youths dropping out of school B) increase of undocumented aliens in the U.S. C) rise of lower class Asian congregations

In a new social setting, strangers

all of the above: A) experience every situation as potentially problematic. B) lack the natives' knowledge of shared realities. C) are acutely aware of things unnoticed by the natives. D) all of the above

Which of the following is the best example of a person who is a member of both dominant and minority

an American white woman who is a Buddhist

Social distance studies capture social acceptance of groups

at a given moment in time

Which of the following best describes Parrillo's idea of the adjustment from stranger to neighbor?

both A and C a) movement along a continuum with friction b) process of social interaction among different groups of people

Natives usually perceive strangers

categorically.

Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Marx's theory is best known as

conflict perspective

Pursuing the question of "Who benefits?" from a particular situation suggests which likely perspective?

conflict perspective

Which of the following is not a correct matching?

conflict theory: inequality and roles

Which of the following illustrates the Dillingham Flaw?

criticism of an immigrant group, compared to an earlier one

As acculturation takes place

d) both A and C a) strangers' consciousness decreases because the freshness of their perception is lost c) the stranger becomes less questioning about daily activities.

Which of the following is not a result found by a 2001 study of social distance

decreasing level of acceptance of diverse groups among college students

Strict new laws enacted in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the U.S. in the 1990's resulted in a marked increase in ________.

deportations

Which of the following is not Louis Wirth's conception of minority groups?

describing only biological features or national traits

Which of the following is not a fact regarding a minority group?

designates a group's numerical representation.

Studying race and ethnic relations is

difficult because our values, attitudes, and experiences make our objectivity almost impossible.

Compared to migration, ________ is a narrower term that refers to the movement of people out of a country to settle in another.

emigration

In groups that practice ________, people tend to marry within their group, either by choice or by necessity, because of their social isolation.

endogamy

Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of

ethnocentrism

From conflict theoretical perspectives, ________ -- holding attitudes that do not accurately reflect the objective facts of the situation -- exists, and it impels workers to adopt attitudes that run counter to their own real interests.

false consciousness

Social identity theory helps explain

ingroup favoritism.

Sociologists define an ________ as a group to which individuals belong and feel loyal; thus, everyone, whether a member of a majority group or a minority group is part of some ingroup. An ________ consists of all people who are not members of one's ingroup.

ingroup, outgroup

A sociologist who investigates how people interpret the situations they are in is probably a

interactionist.

By ________, Alfred Schutz meant that people from the same social world mutually "know" the language, customs, beliefs, symbols, and everyday behavior patterns that the stranger usually does not.

intersubjective understanding

Mills states that an issue is a public matter when it is

intricately connected to the larger historical context of society.

A 2001 study showed that more than 50 percent of newlyweds met their spouses in the workplace. Sociologically, meeting a spouse at work would be considered a

latent function of workplaces

Ethnicity is

learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people.

Many still call the United States a great ________ where people of all races, religions, and nationalities come to be free and to improve their lives

melting pot

An ethnic group held up as a role model in contrast to a newly arrived group was probably

once an object of scorn and condemnation itself.

Which of the following does not consist of race?

personality traits

According to Parrillo, a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group isa(n)

race.

Aristotle said, "We like those who resemble us, and are engaged in the same pursuits." Which of the following concepts best represents Aristotle's statement?

similarity and attraction

One excellent technique for evaluating how perceptions of similarity attract closer interaction patterns consists of ranking ________.

social distance

Juan believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. This belief is an example of which theory?

social-identity theory

The development of racism includes philosophers such as Immanuel Kant offering biological distinctions of the races of mankind and 19th-century social Darwinists seeing human society as a ________ in which the naturally superior will win out.

survival of the fittest

In interactionist theory, ________ refer to our spoken language, expressions, body language, tone of voice, appearance, and images of television and other mass media.

symbols

Which of the following is not a historical example of ethnocentrism?

the Vienna Conventions on diplomatic relations in Austria

Despite the removal of more assimilated groups and the addition of less assimilated groups to the list in 2001

the downward trend in social distance continued

The main focus or unit of analysis for sociologists is

the group

By ingroup, sociologists mean

the group to which an individual belongs and feels loyalty

The natives perceive the stranger in an abstract, typified way, and so the individual becomes the ________, or stereotype, of the group.

totality

In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are

values

which of the following categories differs from the rest?

whites and blacks