Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

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Sweat glands of skin

Parasympathetic: no effect Sympathetic: stimulates to produce perspiration

Arrector pili muscles

Parasympathetic: no effect Sympathetic: stimulates; produces goosebumps

Urinary bladder/urethra

Parasympathetic: relaxes sphincters Sympathetic: constricts sphincters

Glands - salivary, lacrimal

Parasympathetic: stimulates Sympathetic: inhibits

Eye (iris)

Parasympathetic: stimulates constrictor muscles; constricts pupils Sympathetic: stimulates dilator muscles; dilates pupils

Eye (ciliary muscle)

Parasympathetic: stimulates to increase bulging of lens for close vision Sympathetic: inhibits to decrease bulging of lens; prepares for distant vision

Digestive system

Parasympathetic: increases smooth muscle mobility and amount of secretion by digestive system glands; relaxes sphincters Sympathetic: decreases activity of digestive system and constricts sphincters

Liver

Parasympathetic: no effect Sympathetic: causes glucose to be released to blood

Blood vessels

Parasympathetic: no effect Sympathetic: constricts blood vessels in viscera and skin and dilates those in skeletal muscle and heart; increases blood pressure

Kidneys

Parasympathetic: no effect Sympathetic: decreases urine output

Penis

Parasympathetic: causes erection due to vasodilation Sympathetic: causes ejaculation

Heart

Parasympathetic: decreases heart rate Sympathetic: increases heart rate

Cellular metabolism

Parasympathetic: no effect Sympathetic: increases metabolic rate; increases blood sugar levels; stimulates fat breakdown

Adrenal medulla

Parasympathetic: no effect Sympathetic: stimulates medulla cells to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine

Lungs

Parasympathetic: constricts bronchioles Sympathetic: dilates bronchioles


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