System A&D Exam 1

T/F: Sometimes analysis activities are conducted again after some design has taken place.

True - Sometimes analysis activities are conducted again after some design has taken place

On a WBS, one can indicate the hardware related work that needs to be completed for a project. True or False?

True

Please refer to the reading titled estimation-COCOMO. Steve, the project manager is estimating duration for his project, which he has determined will be 100,000 lines of code. While somewhat large in size, the project is well understood by the team, and considered low risk. Also the system will work relatively independent of other systems. What is the best estimate for duration and average staff determined by basic COCOMO? A - 21.9 months and 14 persons B - 22.33 months and 24 persons C - 22.33 months and 41 persons D - 21.9 months and 24 persons E - 22.08 months and 41 persons

A - 21.9 months and 14 persons

What is NOT TRUE about the structured SDLC or waterfall approach? A - Customers are continuously involved in providing feedback to the analysts and developers B - It can take a long time from start to implementation C - The waterfall methodology prescribes a sequential one-way progression through stages D - It is a methodology for developing information systems E - It is often difficult for structured approaches to handle midway scope changes

A - Customers are continuously involved in providing feedback to the analysts and developers

Please refer to the definition of ready in Essential Scrum chapter 6 - Kenneth Rubin (from the book, Essential Scrum: A Practical Guide to the Most Popular Agile Process) and also refer to the definition of done in the 2017 Scrum Guide. With regards to the definition of ready DoR and definition of done DoD, what is TRUE? A - DoR and DoD can vary across teams, but members of a team should have a shared understanding of what it mean for work to be complete. B - DoR ensures that each sprint delivers potentially releasable functionality that the Scrum team and the Product Owner can agree can agree on is done. C - DoR is used to assess when work is complete on a product Increment that is produced by the development team in each sprint cycle. D - DoD makes explicit and visible the criteria that a user story must meet prior to being accepted into the upcoming sprint iteration E - A benefit of the DoD is that it keeps the scrum team from beginning work on features that do not yet have clearly defined completion criteria

A - DoR and DoD can vary across teams, but members of a team should have a shared understanding of what it mean for work to be complete.

The Product Owner is responsible for "what" needs to be built, not "how". The ScrumMaster is responsible for... A - Facilitating the Scrum process and the team's adherence to Scrum principles B - Estimating the complexity of requirements C - Determining the product requirements D - "How" the product is built E - The final deliverable or product

A - Facilitating the Scrum process and the team's adherence to Scrum principles

The following question pertains to the UCD exercise-TweetAnalytics problem. Please read and solve that prior to answering the question. When the use case diagram is complete, what is the best way to model the "prepare data for calculation" use case? A - It serves as a parent use case in a generalization-specialization relationship with the four specialized analyses use cases B - <<include>> relationship pointing from "prepare data for calculation" use case to each of the four specialized analyses use cases C - It serves as a child use case in a generalization-specialization relationship with the four specialized analyses use cases D - <<extend>> relationship pointing from "prepare data for calculation" use case to each of the four specialized analyses use cases E - There is no such use case on the diagram

A - It serves as a parent use case in a generalization-specialization relationship with the four specialized analyses use cases

What is TRUE of the daily SCRUM meeting? A - None of the statements are TRUE B - It is okay to skip some days C - The Scrum Master does not attend D - It may last more than 15 minutes E - All of the statements are TRUE

A - None of the statements are TRUE

Which methodology is appropriate to use when a non-agile vendor works with a new client and the requirements are not fully known at the start, and the client would like to use prototypes to help refine the requirements? A - Spiral B - V-model C - Waterfall D - Scrum E - Parallel

A - Spiral

What limitations of the waterfall model does the iterative model address? A - The iterative model allows the team to understand and build the system over many cycles B - None, they are the same C - The iterative model is much simpler to manage D - The iterative model attempts to fully understand the requirements at the beginning E - The iterative model makes it unnecessary to obtain feedback from the customer

A - The iterative model allows the team to understand and build the system over many cycles

What is the purpose of a charter? A - To request funding for a new project A - To discover the needs of the business A - To obtain bids or proposals from vendors A - To request information from vendors A - To formally commence a project and authorize the project manager

A - To formally commence a project and authorize the project manager

Which phase of the SDLC is associated with determining and understanding what the users actually want the system to do?

Analysis phase

The following question pertains to the UCD exercise-TweetAnalytics problem. When the use case diagram is complete, what is the relationship between "perform analyses" use case and "load parsed fields from DB" use case? A - A dashed arrow from "perform analyses" to "load parsed fields from DB" with the <<include>> annotation B - A dashed arrow from "load parsed fields from DB" to "perform analyses" with the <<extend>> annotation C - A dashed line from "perform analyses" to "load parsed fields from DB" D - A dashed arrow from "perform analyses" to "load parsed fields from DB" with the <<extend>> annotation E - A dashed arrow from "load parsed fields from DB" to perform analyses" with the <<include>> annotation

B - A dashed arrow from "load parsed fields from DB" to "perform analyses" with the <<extend>> annotation

A responsibility assignment matrix can be used to: A - Determine a structure for communications B - Allocate work packages to those responsible for project work C - Define the limits of the project manager's responsibilities D - Define the compensation of team members E - Define the authority of a project manager

B - Allocate work packages to those responsible for project work

Which one of the following statements best defines an estimate in the context of software project management? A - A prediction of a future event based on information or knowledge available now B - An approximation of project time and cost targets, refined throughout the project life cycle C - A situation that affects or influences the outcome of the project expressed in time or cost terms D - A client-provided range of values to target for the time and cost of a project E - The value of useful work done at any given point in a project used to give a measure of progress

B - An approximation of project time and cost targets, refined throughout the project life cycle

Does Scrum have a role called Project Manager? A - Yes B - No

B - No ("Project Manager" duties in Scrum are split between product owner and scrum master)

What is NOT a reason to use agile methodologies? A - To have more involvement from the users and owner of the product B - To tightly defend against scope creep C - To allow for incremental and iterative development D - To better handle requirements uncertainty E - To have a working product sooner

B - To tightly defend against scope creep (structured approaches are better at this)

You can refer to the lectures this week or the 2017 Scrum Guide reading to answer this question. How does the product backlog PB evolve doing scrum? i. During the sprint retrospective meeting, the PB is revised and updated if needed ii. During the sprint review meeting, the PB is revised and adapted if needed iii. The PB is fixed at the beginning of the first sprint and stays the same thereafter iv. The development team maintains the PB and adds and deletes things from the PB v. The product owner maintains the PB and is responsible for keeping it updated A - i and v B - ii and v C - i and iv D - ii and iv E - only iii

B - ii and v

______________ is responsible for "how" a feature is converted to code, or how it is built during a sprint cycle. _____________ is responsible for maximizing the ROI or value of the business in SCRUM projects. A - Scrum Master; Development Team B - Product Owner; Scrum Master C - Development Team; Product Owner D - Scrum Master; Product Owner E - Development Team; Scrum Master

C - Development Team; Product Owner

What is NOT part of a Software Project Management Plan (SPMP)? A - Effort and duration estimates B - GANTT C - Feasibility analysis D - WBS E - RAM

C - Feasibility analysis

In agile estimation, early on user stories are estimated in terms of story points and when stories are selected for a sprint, user stories are broken down further into tasks and estimated using ideal time. What is NOT true? A - Ideal time is measured in hours or days B - Story points use often modified Fibonacci series as estimates C - Ideal time is relative, story point is not D - Story point has no units E - Story point is relative, ideal time is not

C - Ideal time is relative, story point is not

What is NOT a befit of following an SDLC A - It allows costly errors to be detected earlier B - It increases the likelihood that the final system will be liked and adopted by the users C - In-house developers can create the system without consulting the users D - It makes a complex undertaking such as systems development more manageable E - It is a systematic approach with steps that follow in a logical path

C - In-house developers can create the system without consulting the users (you always consult users)

What is true about risk management in projects? A - Every risk should always be mitigated B - A risk register lists the risks that have already been handled or taken care of C - Level of risk posed by a source is determined by multiplying its likelihood of failure and its impact D - Level of risk posed by a source is determined by dividing its likelihood of failure by its impact E - Only unknown risks should be listed in a table such as a risk register for purposes of documentation

C - Level of risk posed by a source is determined by multiplying its likelihood of failure and its impact

What is NOT a valid approach for determining the requirements of a solution? A - Analysis of client documents related to the problem and its workflows B - Obtaining feedback from clients C - Mimicking the competitors' approach D - Interviewing users and observing how users perform their tasks E - Collaboratively with the client using techniques such as JAD

C - Mimicking the competitors' approach

_________________ is an objective that will be met within the Sprint through the implementation of the Product Backlog, and it provides guidance to the Development Team on why it is building the Increment. The Product Backlog items selected for a Sprint plus the plan for delivering them is called the __________________. A - Sprint Backlog; Sprint Goal B - Sprint Goal; Daily Scrum C - Sprint Goal; Sprint Backlog D - Daily Scrum; Sprint Backlog E - Sprint Backlog; Daily Scrum

C - Sprint Goal; Sprint Backlog

Arrange in ascending order of size A - Theme - epic - user story - task B - Task - user story - theme- epic C - Task - user story - epic - theme D - Task - theme - user story - epic E - Epic - theme - user story - task

C - Task - user story - epic - theme

The following question pertains to the UCD exercise-TweetAnalytics problem. Please read and solve that prior to answering the question. When the use case diagram is complete, what is NOT a relationship associated with the secondary actor identified in the above/ previous question? A - The secondary actor is connected to "receive tweets" use case by an association relationship B - None of the options is correct C - The secondary actor is connected to "send tweets" use case by an association relationship D - The secondary actor is connected to "send credentials" use case by an association relationship E - The secondary actor is connected to "send request for tweets" use case by an association relationship

C - The secondary actor is connected to "send tweets" use case by an association relationship

What is NOT a goal of the analysis phase? A - To study the as-is system B - To conceptualize the to-be system C - To understand the technical details of the solution implementation D - To understand what the problem is E - To decide whether the project is economically feasible

C - To understand the technical details of the solution implementation

When using COCOMO estimation, we determine the LOC for only the software components and modules. True or False?

True

The following question pertains to the UCD exercise-TweetAnalytics problem. Please read and solve that prior to answering the question. When the use case diagram is complete, who or what is a secondary actor? A - Tweets B - Manager C - Twitter API D - Managers E - Analytics user

C - Twitter API

In agile methodologies, _____________________ describes features from the user's perspective. A - Requirement B - Use case diagram C - User story D - Sprint Backlog E - Use case narrative

C - User story

What is TRUE about RAD i. It arose from dissatisfaction with too much process in structured SDLC methodologies ii. It arose from dissatisfaction with too little process in structured SDLC iii. It recommends the use of computer tools in order to speed up phases iv. JAD meetings were attended only by the development team to work faster A - ii and iv B - only i C - i and iii D - only iv E - ii and iii

C - i and iii i. It arose from dissatisfaction with too much process in structured SDLC methodologies iii. It recommends the use of computer tools in order to speed up phases

Which one of the following statements best defines the purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure? A - To identify how much slack is present B - To define how the product is produced by identifying dependencies C - To identify the major risks associated with a project D - To provide a breakdown of the deliverables that are required to be produced on the project E - To establish the schedule of work required to complete the product

D - To provide a breakdown of the deliverables that are required to be produced on the project

What does the Iron Triangle imply?

Cost can increase by limiting time while holding everything else constant

What is TRUE of use case diagrams? A - The secondary actor is one that uses the system to achieve some goals B - There is only one primary actor on a use case diagram C - The secondary actor is typically human D - The primary actor is one that uses the system to achieve some goals E - The primary actor is usually an external system that will interact with the focal system

D - The primary actor is one that uses the system to achieve some goals

What is often cited as a main reason for project failure? A - The project is estimated to have high a cost B - The project has more than one solution C - The project is estimated to take too long D - The project team has a poor understanding of the project's requirements E - The project has too many people on the development team

D - The project team has a poor understanding of the project's requirements

Which of the following reasons causes IT projects to be challenging?

New technologies emerge rapidly, making existing technologies obsolete

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE regarding project and portfolio management? i. Portfolio management helps to do the right projects, project management helps do the project right. ii. Portfolio management helps to do a project right, project management helps to do the right projects iii. Portfolio management ensures that the undertaken projects align with an organization's strategic objectives, project management ensures that a particular project is under budget, delivered on time, and complete in scope iv. Portfolio management ensures that a particular project is under budget, delivered on time, and complete in scope, project management ensures that undertaken projects align with an organization's strategic objectives. A - i and iv B - ii and iv C - only iii D - i and iii E - ii and iii

D - i and iii i. Portfolio management helps to do the right projects, project management helps do the project right. iii. Portfolio management ensures that undertaken projects align with an organization's strategic objectives, project management ensures that a particular project is under budget, delivered on time, and complete in scope.

Which of the following are best described as intangible benefits? i. Savings due to reducing investment ii. Reduction in time for sending out bills and consequently early collection iii. Providing better service to customers iv. Improving the quality of a company's products A - i and iv B - only iii C - only iv D - iii and iv E - i and iii

D - iii and iv iii. Providing better service to customers iv. Improving the quality of a company's products

Which phase of the SDLC is associated with determining the programing language that will be used to write code, and the program modules which need to be written?

Design phase

Fill in the blanks. ____________________ are used to validate or confirm that a user story was implemented correctly. A - ScrumMasters B - User roles C - Development Team D - Dissatisfaction criteria E - Acceptance criteria

E - Acceptance criteria

Please refer to Essential Scrum chapter 6 - Kenneth Rubin (from the book, Essential Scrum: A Practical Guide to the Most Popular Agile Process). What is NOT true about Product Backlog grooming? A - Backlog items are given a size estimate, with higher priority items receiving more numerically accurate estimates B - Items are ordered by priority; higher priority items have higher likelihood of being selected for the next sprint C - Higher priority items will contain more details D - It helps to refine the backlog by adding more relevant information to the backlog items E - All backlog items are described in full detail and broken down into smaller items

E - All backlog items are described in full detail and broken down into smaller items

On a systems development project, John needs two programmers. He knows Jeff and Rob were able to create a program in 40 days similar to the one he wants to create on his project. He decides to use 40 days as his estimate. This is an example of what type of estimating? A - Fixed rate B - Bottom-up C - Parametric D - Rule of thumb E - Analogous

E - Analogous

How are use case diagrams and narratives related? A - Use case narrative is the visual pictorial diagram of all use cases and a single UCD describes the whole diagram in textual form B - There can be many use case diagrams for a system, one for each actor, but only one narrative C - UCD is the visual pictorial diagram of all use cases and a single narratives describes the whole diagram in textual form D - The narrative only describes the happy path of a use case E - Each use case narrative typically provides more details about a single use case on the UCD

E - Each use case narrative typically provides more details about a single use case on the UCD

The accuracy of an estimate should ideally A - Decrease as a project progresses through its life cycle B - Vary independently of where the project is in its life cycle C - Stay the same throughout the project life cycle D - Be unrelated to a project's life cycle E - Increase as a project progresses through its life cycle

E - Increase as a project progresses through its life cycle

How does agile use the cone of uncertainty to its advantage? A - It tackles the largest risks first B - It involves no planning C - It builds the system in parallel and attempts to integrate all A - parts at the end D - It attempts to determine all the requirements at the beginning E - It builds the system in increments with re-estimation done between iterations

E - It builds the system in increments with re-estimation done between iterations

The following question pertains to the TweetAnalytics problem. Please read and solve that prior to answering the question. When the use case diagram is complete, how many association relationships does the Analytics user have? A - Zero B - One C - Two D - Unknown E - Many

E - Many

_____________________is about creating, as fast as possible, a part of the future application to either ensure a feature is technically feasible or to show the feature to stakeholders or potential users in order to gather feedback from them. The source code of this prototype is not reused later when developing the application itself. A - Evolutionary prototyping B - Sample prototyping C - System prototyping D - Example prototyping E - Throw-away prototyping

E - Throw-away prototyping

What is an example of Quality Assurance )rather than Quality Control)? A - A line worker checks every tenth product to ensure sufficiency of quality B - Products that don't meet a minimum standard are discarded C - The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle D - Testing products at various points in the pipeline E - When a problem arises, the root cause is determined in order to try to eliminate or mitigate it

E - When a problem arises, the root cause is determined in order to try to eliminate or mitigate it

Which of the following are best described as tangible benefits? i. Savings due to reducing investment ii. Reduction in time for sending out bills and consequently early collection iii. Providing better service to customers iv. Improving the quality of a company's products A - i and iv B - iii and iv C - i and iii D - ii and iv E - i and ii

E - i and ii i. Savings due to reducing investment ii. Reduction in time for sending out bills and consequently early collection

When using COCOMO based estimation, it is typical to determine the LOC for the project by top-down estimation, i.e. estimating the topmost (biggest) node first, and then work their way down to the bottom (smaller nodes). True or False?

False

T/F: Please refer to Essential Scrum chapter 6 - Kenneth Rubin (from the book, Essential Scrum: A Practical Guide to the Most Popular Agile Process). The Scrum framework prescribes that Product Backlog grooming should always be performed only during the Sprint Review.

False (grooming can be done at any stage)

What is the purpose of a feasibility study?

It helps determine which projects should be undertaken