Systems Analysis and Design

What is the purpose of user acceptance testing?

They are completed by the users who test both the correctness of the system and its "fitness" to accomplish the business requirements.

What is the minimum multiplicity for the association that reads a customer places zero or more orders?

Zero?

Purpose of System Development Life Cycle

A framework that identifies all the activities required to research, build, deploy, and often maintain an information system.

Activity diagram

Captures the dynamic behavior of the system.

Six core processes of the SDLC

Identify the problem and obtain approval Plan and monitor the project Discover and understand details Design system components Build, test, and integrate system components Complete system tests and deploy the solution

Perfect technology assumption

the assumption that a system runs under perfect operating and technological conditions.

The six phases of the traditional perspective SDLC?

Project initiation, project planning, analysis, design, implementation, and deployment

What is the term used for association by traditional analysts and database analysts?

Relationships

Two techniques used to identify use cases?

User goal technique Event decomposition technique

Identifier or key

an attribute value which uniquely identifies an individual thing or object.

Waterfall model

An SDLC approach that assumes the phases can be completed with no overlap

Event decomposition technique

Begins by identifying all the business events the information system responds to, with each event leading to a use case.

What is the other term used by traditional analysts and database analysts?

Cardinality

What is a "thing" called in models used by traditional analysts and database analysts?

Data entities

Three key parts of an ERD

Data entities Attributes Relationships

Characteristics of a project call for a predictive approach to the SDLC

Development project can be planned and organized and that the new information system can developed according to the plan.

How do a use case diagram and a domain class diagram drive the system development process?

Domain class diagrams are used as a way to understand and document the information requirements of a system.

What information is provided by a domain class diagram?

Domain classes identify those things in the real world that the system needs to know about and keep track of.

Three types of events

External Temporal State events

Five primary activities of systems analysis

Gather detailed information Define requirements Prioritize requirements Develop user-interface dialogs Evaluate requirements with users

six information-gathering techniques

Interviewing users and other stakeholders Distributing and collecting questionnaires Reviewing inputs, outputs, and documentation Observing and documenting business procedures Researching vendor solutions Collecting active user comments and suggestions

Why is the event decomposition technique considered more comprehensive than the user goal technique?

It identifies actual business events that will cause the system to respond.

What is the purpose of UML use case diagrams?

It illustrates use cases and their relationships to actors

Why is it a good practice to divide a project into separate iterations?

It is a good practice because it will be easier to control and manage. The separate iterations can easily be monitored, problems can be recognized and solved.

What does activity diagrams show

It is used to show a transaction happen as it flows from one activity to another.

What new information is provided in a design class diagram (more than a domain class diagram)?

It shows how the attributes become data fields with type information. It also identifies the methods of a class. It also shows which class have visibility to other classes to access their methods.

What is the <<includes>> relationship between two use cases?

One use cases uses, or "includes" another use case.

What is the maximum multiplicity for the association that reads an order is placed by exactly one customer?

One?

What is the purpose of systems analysis

System analysis consist of those activities that enable a person to understand and the new system should accomplish.

Automation boundary on a use case diagram

The boundary between the computerized portion of the application and the users who operate the application but are part of the total system.

Elementary business process

The most fundamental task in a business process, which leaves the system and data in a quiescent state; usually performed by one person in response to a business event.

What should be the primary objective of each iteration?

The objective should be to produce a portion of the solution system.

What is the overarching objective of asking users about their specific goals?

The overarching objective is to identify what the system could do to improve the user's performance and productivity.

Three examples of events that involve system controls that should not be included initially because of the perfect technology assumption

Time to back up the database User wants to log on to the system User wants to change the password

Describe the user goal technique for identifying use cases.

User goal technique ask users to describe their goals for using the new or updated system.

How does an activity diagram help in user-interface design?

User-interface design includes creating how a system looks and how the user interacts with it.

User story

Usually one short sentence in the everyday language of the end user that states what a user does as part of his or her work.

Use case

a case or situation where the system is used. It is used to document what the users need to do with the system

Iterative development

an approach to system development in which the system is "grown" piece by piece through multiple mini-projects called iterations

Compound attribute

an attribute that consists of multiple pieces of information but is best treated in the aggregate

Temporal event

an event that occurs as a result of reaching a point in time.

External Event

an event that occurs outside the system—usually initiated by an external agent or actor.

Nonfunctional requirements

characteristics of the system other than those activities it must perform or support.

Systems Design

consists of those activities that enable a person to describe in detail how the information system will actually be implemented to provide the needed solution

System analysis

consists of those activities that enable a person to understand and specify what the new system should accomplish.

Agile Development

information system development process that emphasizes flexibility and rapid response to anticipate new and changing requirements during development.

Multiplicity

measures the number of links in a particular association between a thing and one or more other things.

Use case diagram

shows the requirements of the system including internal and external influences. It demonstrates the different ways that a user might interact with a system

Event

something that occurs at a specific time and place, can be precisely identified, and must be remembered by the system.

Functional requirements

the activities that the system must perform.

Attribute

the specific pieces of information are called attributes

UML

the standard set of diagrams and model constructs used in system development.

External stakeholders

those outside the organization's control and influence—although this distinction can also be fuzzy, such as when an organization's strategic patterns interact directly with internal systems.

Executive stakeholders

those who do not interact directly with the system, but who either use information produced by the system or have a significant financial or other interest in its operation and success.

Operational stakeholders

those who regularly interact with a system in the course of their jobs or lives.

Internal stakeholders

those within the organization who interact with the system or have a significant interest in its operator or success