T-38 Instruments/Nav Shooters Gouge

When checking a VOR/TACAN at a designated ground checkpoint, the max allowable CDI error is?

+/- 4 degrees, bearing pointer should agree within the tolerances specified for the aircraft

What are the maximum holding airspeeds?

- 0 to 6000' = 200KIAS - 6001'-14,000' = 230KIAS - 14,001'- above = 265KIAS - USAF: 310 unless otherwise noted - USN: 230 unless otherwise noted

What is the minimum climb gradient required when flying a SID?

- If none published, 200ft/nm. There may be ATC climb gradients and/or obstacle climb gradients required however that are published on the SID. - Pilots must notify ATC immediately if they cannot meet the published climb gradient or, if one is not published, a minimum of 200 ft/nm on each segment of the SID up to the MEA.

If you are vectored off a SID, can you assume the SID is cancelled? What if you are assigned an altitude that differs from the SID restrictions? If the above situation develops, should you fly the routing of the SID?

- If you are radar vectored or cleared off an assigned SID, you may consider the SID cancelled unless the controller adds "expect to resume SID". If ATC reinstates the SID and wishes any restrictions associated with the SID to still apply, the controller will state: "Comply with restrictions." - ATC may amend your clearance at any time. It is important to remember that the most recent ATC clearance takes precedence over all others. When the route of altitude in a previously issued clearance is amended, the controller will restate the applicable altitude restrictions. In the United States if the altitude to maintain is changed or restated, whether prior to departure or while airborne and previously issued altitude restrictions are omitted, those altitude restrictions are canceled, including SID/DP/STAR altitude restrictions. Pilots must ensure minimum climb gradients for obstacle clearance are still met.

What conditions must apply for a pilot to accept clearance to navigate direct to a radial/DME fix?

-Acft must be RNAV capable -Flight must be conducted where radar monitoring by ATC is capable -The locally defined arrival/departure procedures must have been authorized by the FAA -An operational necessity must dictate the requirement

What are the entry rules for holding?

-The aircraft must cross the holding fix, turn outbound and remain within the holding airspace. - You are considered established in the holding pattern upon initial passage of the holding fix. - Unless correcting for known winds, make all turns during entry and while holding at: 3 degrees per second, or 30 degree bank angle, or bank angle as commanded by the flight director system, whichever requires the least bank angle. The bank angle on the entry turn may be varied (up to 30 degrees maximum) to obtain the desired displacement in the holding pattern.

When do you have to file an IFR flight plan?

-Weather conditions do not permit VFR flight -Airspace rules require IFR flight (Class A airspace) -Operating fixed-wing aircraft at night, unless the mission cannot be flown under IFR -Operating in excess of 180 KTAS within (not simply crossing) federal airways.

What is the standard no-wind length of the inbound leg of a holding pattern at or below 14,000'? Above?

1 min at or below, 1.5 min above

What is the allowable DME error?

1/2 nm or 3% distance to the station whichever is greater.

As a technique, w low or moderate climb or descent rates, when should you begin the level off?

10% of the VVI i.e. 2500 VVI start level off 250 ft prior.

What obstacle clearance does emergency safe altitude provide?

100 0 ft obstacle clearance (2000 in mountanous areas) within 100 NM of the facility.

What is the worst wx a base can have and still qualify as an alternate?

1000 ft celings or 500 above the lowest compatible mins, whicever is higher, and vis of 2SM or 1SM above the lowest compatible mins, whichever is higher.

What obstacle clearance does minimum sector altitude provide?

1000 ft obstacle clearance within 25 NM of the facility

What is the ILS frequency range?

108.10 MHz to 111.95 MHz

What wx is required to start an approach per the AFI 11-202V3? And per the AFI 11-2T-38V3?

11-202V3: Pilots will obtain the latest destination airport conditions prior to beginning descent or commencing an approach. Straight-In or Sidestep approach: wx must only be at or above the published visibility minimums. Circling approach: wx must be at or above both the published ceiling and vis minimums. USAF pilots will not use published visibility minima below 2,400 ft (or 1/2SM or 800m) unless touchdown zone (TDZ) and centerline lighting are available and operable. 11-2t-38V3: Do not commence a penetration, en route descent, or approach unless existing eiling AND vis meet the approach minimums or PWC, whichever is higher.

How long must an aircrew wait to fly after consuming alcohol?

12 hrs and dont be drunk

Youre on a 10 DME arc finna intercept the 260 radial inbound. Gndspd is 250 kts. Aspd is .5 mach. How many lead radials to start your turn?

15

The localizer has a usable range of _________ within ______ of course centerline. What is the usable range of the ILS glide slope?

18 miles within 10 degrees. 10 miles for glideslope

What airspeed does the t-38 hold at

250-265 KCAS

The final approach course on a non-radar final may vary from the runway heading by as much as __ and still be a published straight in.

30 degrees.

A TACAN station transmits an aural 3 letter identifier approximately every __ seconds

35 shoot em

Prior to commencing the approach, you properly review the paper copy with the procedure loaded. Specific things you must confirm are waypoint names, types, sequence, altitudes, and courses. How much can the courses and distances differ from the paper copy?

5 degrees and 0.1 NM

What is ASDA?

Accelerated Stop Distance Available: The rwy plus stopway length declared available and suitable for acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting takeoff

When two acft are converging, who has the right of way?

Acft to the right

What would you do if you start an approach and the wx goes below mins?

Aircrews are authorized to continue a published instrument approach when the weather is below mins. The PIC will ensure the aircraft has sufficient fuel to go missed apch and land at the alternate airfield with required reserves.

When will aircrew normally use supplemental oxygen?

Any time cabin alt exceeds 10,000 MSL

Weather required to file?

At or above lowest compatible published landing minimums for the aircraft concerned.

All USAF cockpits must be capable of recognizing full time

Attitude, Altitude, airspeed and capability to recognize, confirm and recovery from an unusual attitude in all pilot positions.

Acft of different categories have the right of way priority in which order?

Balloons, gliders, towing/refueling,airships, rotary or fixed wing.

If you are going to fly a high altitude penetration, what items must you check before the IAF?

Before reaching the IAF, review the IAP, recheck the weather if appropriate, check the heading and attitude systems, and obtain clearance for the approach. If holding is not required, reduce to penetration airspeed or below before reaching the IAF. Accomplish appropriate checklists in accordance with the flight manual.

When does Flight Duty Period (FDP) start/end? What are the maximum daily FDPs?

Begins when reporting for official duty, ends at final engine shutdown. Max 12hrs for day sorties, 10hrs for night. SPs in formal training course must complete all trng events within first 12hrs of FDP.

When should aircrew minimize nonessential cockpit conversations/extraneous activities (Sterile cockpit)?

Below 10,000 MSL, during critical phases of flight, and during taxi operations.

When must anti-collision lights be illuminated?

Between just prior to engine start (if pwr avail) until engine shutdown.

When must position lights be illuminated?

Between official sunrise/sunset when engines are running.

When executing an ILS approach, what do you do if the aircraft gets more than 1 dot below or 2 dot widths above the glideslope? If the glude slope is recaptured prior to ____ what can you do?

CAUTION: The ILS/LOC approach must be discontinued if the localizer course becomes unreliable, or any time full-scale deflection of the CDI occurs on final approach. Do not descend below localizer minimums if the aircraft is more than one dot (half scale) below or two dots (above) glide slope. If the glide slope is recaptured to within the above tolerance, descent may be continued to DA/DH.

Can RNAV substitution be used for DME off of a NAVAID? What about bearing/course guidance?

DME-yes Bearing/course guidance - No

What is a course-to-altitude leg on a laoded RNAV approach?

Display an altitude 400 ft above the ground or MDA, whichever is higher. They are not included on the chart procedure.

How do you determine a VDP?

Divide HAT by glideslope times 100.

When can you descend from the procedure turn altitude?

Do not descend from the procedure turn fix altitude (published or assigned) until abeam the procedure turn fix heading outbound. If unable to determine when you are abeam, start descent after completing the outbound turn. Do not descend from the procedure turn completion altitude until established on the inbound segment of the approach.

The HSI should be w/in how many defrees of the rwy hdg prior to takeoff?

EHSI should be w/in 8 deg of mag compass and 5 deg of a known hdg. Check for correct indicator movement in turns.

What is the RNP/CDI scale for the enroute phase of flight (>30NM)? Terminal phase (NLT 30 NM)? Approach phase (NLT FAWP)?

Enroute - 5nm Terminal - 1 nm Approach - 0.3 nm

How does ASDA come into (so to speak) your flight planning?

Ensure CFL is less than ASDA

At FL250 and 0.75 mach, how much will a WSSP increase fuel flow on each engine? Whats a reasonable technique for how much fuel youll burn over the course of a flight with the WSSP at these conditions? Same two questions for FL350 and 0.9 mach.

FL250: Incerase about 125 pph each engine. 150-200 lbs extra fuel burned. FL350: Increase about 220 pph each engine. 250-300 ls extra fuel burned

T or F: Voice comms are possible on tacan frequencies

False

When two acft are approaching rwy to land, the higher acft has the right of way.

False

Circling is flown at what airspeed and configuration

Final turn (yellow) speed and 60 flaps

Define crew rest. What does it include? What constitutes a break in crew rest?

Free time that includes meals, transpo and rest. A minimum of 12 hrs before a flight duty period begins with an opportunity for 8hrs uninterrupted sleep. Any official business breaks crew rest. A PIC may initiate mission related comms w/o breaking crew rest.

If a pilot decides to file based on visibility only criteria, what additional allowances must be provided for in the preflight planning?

Fuel required for an approach and missed approach must be included in the total flight plan fuel if vis only weather criteria is used to determine the suitability of the original destination.

Define HAT

HEIGHT ABOVE TOUCHDOWN/HAT - The height of the Decision height or Minimum Descent Altitude above the highest runway elevation in the Touchdown Zone (first 3000 feet of the runway). HAT is published on instrument approach charts in conjunction with all straight-in minimums.

If encountered, what must a PIC immediately report?

Hazardous weather conditions, wake turbulence, volcanic activity, large concentrations of birds/wildlife or any other adverse condition that may affect aviation safety.

Define HAA

Height Above Airport: The height of the minimum descent altitude above the published airport elevation. This is published in conjunction with circling minimums.

Who can authorize photo/video recording devices?

Helmet/cockpit mounted - OG/CC. Acft cmmdr may approve use in student/cargo compartments.

Reference a procedure turn. What must you ensure if the entry puts you on the non-maneuvering side of the procedure turn course?

Holding method: If you intercept the procedure turn course outbound, maintain the course for the remainder of the outbound leg, then turn toward the maneuvering side to reverse course. Other methods: Intercept and maintain the procedure turn course outbound as soon as possible after passing the procedure turn fix.

You are proceeding direct to the IAF. your heading is not within 90 degrees of the penetration course. How will you begin the penetration? Are you required to make any additional requests with atc?

If acft heading to the IAF is within 90 deg of the approach course, pilots may use normal lead points to intercept the course. If acft heading is not within 90 deg of the approach course and you desire to maneuver the aircraft into a more faovrable alignment prior to starting the approach, obtain clearance from atc.

If you lose visual references while circling to land, what published missed approach procedure should you execute?

If upon reaching the missed approach point the airport environment is not in sight, execute the climb out instructions from the missed approach point. If the circling maneuver has begun and the airport environment is visually lost, begin an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway to ensure the aircraft remains within the obstruction clearance area. Continue this turn until established on the climb out instructions.

What is LDA?

Landing Distance Available: Rwy declared available and suitable for a landing airplane.

How do you execute a missed approach.

Mil pwr, 5 deg above last known level flight attitude. Deconfigure w/ positive climb indiactions, Power may be reduced >240 knots

Definition of MEA?

Minimum Enroute IFR Altitude: Lowest published altitude between two radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.

Define MOCA

Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude: Obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which assures acceptable navigation signal coverage only within 25 statute miles (22 nautical miles) of a VOR.

Can a night sortie be the third flying event of the day?

No

Is the T-38 authorized to conduct RNP procedures?

No

Do TEMPO conditions prevent you from filing somewhere if below mins?

No, pilots may file to a destination with a forecast that includes temporary (TEMPO) changes in ceiling/vis lower than prescribed in 8.7.1, but an alternate may be required.

When is an Aircraft commander allowed to deviate from 11-202, flight rule or ATC clearance?

Only to protect life, for safety of flight or when an emergency requires immediate action

What are the takeoff minimums?

Pilots shall not takeoff when the existing wx is below the landing minimums for their aircraft, unless specifically authorized by the MAJCOM, but in no case less than 600 RVR (200 meters)

When flying a Q or T route, what will you need to manually set the RNP/CDI scale to? What about a terminal procedure such as a star if outside 30NM?

Q or T route: 2 NM Terminal procedure outside 30 nm - 1 nm

When departing VFR from a nonmilitary airfield, how do you activate your VFR flight plan?

Request with tower or contact FSS on 255.4

Which direction must acft converging head on alter their course?

Right

The holding in lieu of procedure turn will not be flown in the following instances?

S - When ATC gives you clearance for a "Straight In" approach N - If you are flying the approach via No PT routing E - When you are Established in holding, subsequently cleared the approach, and the holding course and procedure turn course are the same. R - When ATC provides Radar vectors to the final approach course T - When ATC clears you for a Timed approach. Timed approaches are in progress when you are established in a holding pattern and given a time to depart the FAF inbound.

What should you set in the course selector window for a back course localizer approach?

Set the published localizer front course in the course selector window prior to attempting localizer interception. The front course is the proper course to set even when flying a back course approach. (The term "front course" refers to the inbound course depicted on the ILS/Localizer approach for the opposite runway. On the back course approach plate, the published front course is depicted in the feather as an outbound localizer course)

Does the T-38 use TORA or TODA for planning purposes?

TORA

Define touchdown zone elevation

TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION/TDZE: The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface. TDZE is indicated on the instrument approach procedure chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized.

When must the landing light be illuminated?

Takeoff clearance is received, during takeoff roll from an uncontrolled airfield, when operating below 10,000 MSL. Use landing lights when on an active rwy unless safety/mission dictates.

What is TODA?

Takeoff distance available: (We Dont use this) THe takeoff run available plus the length of any remaining rwy or clearway beyond the far end of the takeoff run avail

What is TORA?

Takeoff run available: rwy length declared suitable for the ground run of an aircraft taking off

Where is the missed approach point for any precision approach?

The point at which the DA/DH is reached. This is normally the point depicted on the IAP as the start of a climbing dashed line.

In what direction should you make your initial climbing turn during a circle missed approach and why?

Toward the landing runway to ensure the aircraft remains within the obstruction clearance area.

A distressed acft has the right of way over all other traffic.

True

An overtaken aircraft has the right-of-way. The overtaking aircraft must alter course to the right. (Ref: AFI 11-202 Vol 3, AETC SUP 1) A. True B. False

True

T or F: Only those approaches included in the T-38 database are authorized. Terminal area and instrument approach procedures must be retrieved in their entirety from the database. Pilots may not alter terminal procedures retrieved from the database or enter them manually.

True

T or F: You are responsible for closing a VFR flight plan with FSS after landing.

True

When meteorological conditions permit, pilots under wither IFR or VFR are responsible for avoiding traffic, terrain/obstacles and environmental hazards.

True

If correcting for winds in a holding pattern, what is the maximum and minimum bank angles you can use?

Unless correcting for known winds, make all turns during entry and while holding at 3 degrees per second or 30 degrees bank or the bank commanded by the flight director, whichever requires the least bank angle. The bank angle on the entry turn may be varied (up to 30 degrees max) to obtain the desired displacement in the holding pattern.

What must the PIC do following a deviation from flight rule or given ATC traffic priority in an emergency?

Verbally report incident to supervisor/commanding authority

When is an alternate required?

WWWGURRL -Wx is less than 2000'/3SM (tempo or prevailing). This may be reduced to 1500'/3SM if local training sortie, IP on board, departing/arrival airport the same, and plus/minus 2 hrs of arrival. -Winds exceed aircraft limits +/- 1 hr of ETA -When the destination has no weather reporting capability -GPS is the only NAVAID -Where required NAVAIDS are unmonitored -When denial of accomodation to RVSM airspace would prevent the acft or flight from reaching the destination -All compatible approaches require Radar -The point of intended landings lowest compatible approach mins are greater than 1500'/3SM

What disqualifies an alternate?

WWWRRAAG -Weather less than 1000'/500' above or 2SM/1SM above -No weather reporting capability -Winds exceeds limits +/- 1 hr of ETA -RVSM airspace is required to reach the alternate -All compatible approaches require radar. -"A NA" is displayed on all compatible approach plates -"A" designation (without NA) is displayed on all compatible approach plates and an associated note applies. -Gps is the only compatible NAVAID

When may you start the descent from a depicted altitude at the IAP if flying a procedure track?

When a descent is depicted at the IAF, start descent when abeam or past the IAF and on a paralell or intercept heading to the procedural track course. Except for initial descents at an IAF, be established on the appropriate segment of the procedural track before descending to the next altitude shown on the IAP.

Following an unintentional cabin px loss, when must aircrew see a flight surgeon or other aviation medical authority prior to further flight?

When cabin px exceeds 18,000 MSL

When must aircraft occupants wear a seatbelt?

When seated in an ejection seat, directed by PIC, taxi/takeoff/landing, when in cockpit

When should the PIC declare min/emergency fuel?

When the aircraft may land at the intended destination with less than the MDS-specific min or emergency fuel reserves.

When receiving radar vectors to final for a GPS approach, what is "established on course" defined as?

When within 1 dot deflection (Half full scale deflection)

What wx is required at my alternate if it doesnt have an approach?

Without a published compatible instrument approach forecast weather for the ETA (+/- 1 hr) must permit a VFR descent from the MIA to a VFR approach and landing, or, if the mission justifies the increased risk, under specific conditions, an otherwise unqualified airfield may be designated as an alternate by the MAJCOM.

Do TEMPO conditions disqualify an alternate if below mins?

Yes, EXCEPT those caused by thunderstorms, rain showers, or snow showers.

Can we takeoff on a rwy that has a 8000' published length but a TORA of 7900'?

Yes, if the calculated takeoff roll is less than or equal to TORA and meets the restrictions of AFI11-2T38V3 para 3.7.3 (talks about LDA). The percentage of takeoff distance restriction (for both formation and single-ship takeoffs) will be applied to runway dimensions, not the TORA.

Can we fly a category D approach?

Yes, if: -A straight in approach is flown -Aircraft is flown at final approach airspeed of 165 or less -Missed approach is flown at 260 KTAS or less

• If loading an RNAV approach from the database, do you still need to have the paper copy of the approach?

Yes, they need to be crosschecked.

What does conveniently aligned mean with regard to a teardrop entry into holding?

Youre convienently aligned if your current heading is within 45 degrees of the selected teardrop course.

T or F: Voice comms are possible on ILS frequencies

true

T or F: Voice comms are possible on VOR freqs

true

Is a flashlight required for all night sorties?

yes

You are planning on going to KSHV and land on rwy 14/32. The rwy dimensions are 8250x200 ft. However after looking in the IFR supp, you notice the LDA is only 7979. Can you still plan to land at KSHV?

yes