TAMU - Management 309 - Wesson - Test #3

Plastic Polymers has employees working three different shifts. Based on this information, we can surmise that the employees are organized on the basis of a. product. b. function. c. location. d. customer. e. time.

e. time.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major areas in which organization change takes place? a. Social responsibility b. Organization structure and design c. Technology and operations d. People e. All of these choices

a. Social responsibility

With respect to their use as coordinating devices, what is the difference between a task force and an integrating department? a. Task forces are more temporary. b. Task forces are used with more complex forms of interdependence. c. Task forces require the use of more people. d. Task forces are more permanent. e. Task forces require fewer people.

a. Task forces are more temporary.

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of job rotation? a. The jobs themselves remain the same. b. As a training device, it reduces flexibility and worker skills. c. The jobs involved are usually difficult and complex. d. It tends to significantly enhance employee motivation. e. It requires no additional training.

a. The jobs themselves remain the same.

The night shift at a plant is an example of which departmentalization? a. Time b. Location c. Divisional d. Sequential e. Customer

a. Time

The two most commonly occurring grapevines are a. wheel and chain. b. cluster and gossip. c. all-channel and circle. d. Y and circle. e. wheel and all-channel.

b. cluster and gossip.

Greg received a sales idea from his boss. As he reads the memo, he is trying to understand the words and phrases. In terms of the communication process, this is an example of a. decoding. b. encoding. c. noise. d. channel selection. e. message crafting.

a. decoding.

The first stage of the organizational innovation process is a. developing. b. applying. c. launching. d. growing. e. managing.

a. developing.

The first step in the communication process is a. meaning. b. encoding. c. decoding. d. transmission. e. channel creation.

a. meaning.

Managers who announce they have an "open door" policy and actually want people to use it are encouraging ____ communication. a. vertical b. transactional c. downward d. horizontal e. informal

a. vertical

Teachers at South Elementary School are allowed to pair up and teach a class twice as large as others. This allows the teachers to specialize in the subjects they most enjoy. This is an example of a. work teams. b. feedback. c. task significance. d. skill variety. e. task identity.

a. work teams.

Which of the following would probably have the highest content validity? a. Assessment center exercise b. Personality test c. IQ test d. Achievement test e. Interview

a. Assessment center exercise

Delegation enables managers to a. get more work done. b. have experts address specific issues. c. develop subordinates. d. work more efficiently and effectively. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Before he can delegate, Manuel needs to train a subordinate. But Manuel believes that he will lose too much time if he teaches the subordinate, so he keeps doing the work himself. As a result of ____, Manuel refuses to train the subordinate. a. uncertainty b. a high level of risk propensity c. threatened self-interests d. different perceptions e. feelings of loss

e. feelings of loss

Yoshiko is the manager of the accounting department. She has an assistant manager who reports to her. Four supervisors also report to her from other divisions. The supervisors have three subordinates each. Yoshiko has a span of management of a. twelve. b. thirteen. c. three. d. four. e. five.

e. five.

Interviews are sometimes poor predictors of success because of a. stress. b. structure. c. less structure. d. personality assessment. e. personal biases.

e. personal biases.

Which of the following statements about communication and the manager's job is TRUE? a. Communication is part of almost all managerial activities. b. The planning function requires little communication. c. Communication is the only thing that holds an organization together. d. Thanks to electronics, the role of communication is less important now than it was ten years ago. e. Communication is so complex that managers need not try to understand the process.

a. Communication is part of almost all managerial activities.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the organizational structure? a. Decision making b. Designing jobs c. Establishing reporting relationships d. Distributing authority among jobs e. Grouping jobs

a. Decision making

Which of the following individual skills for improving communication is probably most important? a. Developing good listening skills b. Being sensitive to the sender's point of view c. Being aware of meanings that other people assign to words d. Asking appropriate questions e. Being patient

a. Developing good listening skills

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of job specialization? a. Employees become experts. b. The development of equipment is facilitated. c. Managers can exercise greater control. d. Managers become experts. e. All of these choices

a. Employees become experts.

What must happen first before employees can form a new local union? a. Employees must become interested in having a union. b. The NLRB must set up a vote. c. The Teamsters must make speeches. d. The employer must become interested in having a union. e. Thirty percent of employees must sign authorization cards.

a. Employees must become interested in having a union.

Which of the following is most likely to cause line managers to see staff members as a threat to their authority? a. Functional authority b. Staff authority c. Compulsory advice d. Line authority e. Pooled coordination

a. Functional authority

Employees of CNN saw military boats around D.C. and someone said they heard gunfire. CNN reported military action. However, there was no gunfire and the Coast Guard was doing training only. This illustrates which disadvantage of oral communication? a. It can be quite inaccurate. b. It often creates a need for feedback. c. It is more time-consuming than written communication. d. Managers are uncomfortable using oral communication. e. All of these choices

a. It can be quite inaccurate.

A recent survey found false or inflated information in which of the following? a. Job applications b. Interviews c. Skills tests d. Assessment centers e. Drug tests

a. Job applications

In schools math, English, science and social studies departments operate separately. Student test scores in each area are gathered to evaluate the effectiveness of the school. What level of interdependence does this represent? a. Pooled b. Reciprocal c. Sequential d. Hierarchical e. Functional

a. Pooled

The manager's role as monitor is essential to which step in the comprehensive approach to change? a. Recognizing the need for change b. Understanding how to implement change c. Setting goals for change d. Selecting a change technique e. Planning change implementation

a. Recognizing the need for change

Leah is in a meeting. She is freezing, so she has her arms and legs crossed. Paul observes her and thinks her body is crossed because she does not like the information she is receiving. If Leah would speak up, this barrier could be eliminated. a. Reluctance to communicate b. Semantics c. Communication overload d. Inconsistency e. Image deterioration

a. Reluctance to communicate

Which of the following exemplifies a people change that would result in an organization change? a. Training programs b. Job redesign c. Financial partnerships d. Change in reporting relationships e. Change from standard assembly line to autonomous work groups

a. Training programs

Sailaja manages a department with few standard procedures. Members are located in various parts of the state, but they are well connected electronically. The department performs tasks requiring a great deal of interaction between manager and subordinates. When structuring this department, what should she do to most effectively supervise its activities? a. Use a narrow span of control b. Create a flat organization c. Use a high degree of decentralization d. Use functional departmentalization e. Limit delegation as much as possible

a. Use a narrow span of control

All of the following are examples of nonverbal communication EXCEPT a. a conference. b. someone's body position. c. the distance between two people. d. images. e. furniture arrangement in the room.

a. a conference.

A wide span of management produces a. a flat organization. b. multiple layers of management. c. a parallel organization. d. a horizontal organization. e. a vertical organization.

a. a flat organization.

Effective communication would be most important for a. a pilot transferring control of the aircraft. b. someone complaining about the weather. c. an after-dinner speaker at a Lions Club meaning. d. a campaign speech. e. a company newsletter.

a. a pilot transferring control of the aircraft.

An employment test is judged to have a(n) ____ on minority applicants if the pass rate for the minority group is less than about 80 percent of the pass rate for the majority group members. a. adverse impact b. negative action c. negative disconfirmation d. contradictory result e. affirmative action

a. adverse impact

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act did NOT prohibit discrimination on the basis of ____. A later act prohibited it. a. age b. race c. gender d. color e. national origin

a. age

The California Highway Patrol Academy has all of its candidates for promotion attend a multiple-day evaluation session during which they undergo a battery of tests, interviews, and simulated work experiences. This is an example of a. an assessment center. b. a structured orientation process. c. a job analysis. d. external recruiting. e. attrition.

a. an assessment center.

The United Food and Commercial Workers Union has been trying to organize labor at more than 90 Wal-Mart stores. The union is an example of a. an external force for organization change. b. a change in the general environment. c. a change agent. d. an internal force for organization change. e. None of these choices

a. an external force for organization change.

In theory, delegation from a manager to a subordinate consists of a. assigning responsibility, granting authority, and creating accountability. b. assigning responsibility, creating a position, and creating accountability. c. creating a position, overcoming defiance, and promoting acceptance. d. creating accountability, promoting acceptance, and requiring performance. e. creating accountability, assigning responsibility, and requiring performance.

a. assigning responsibility, granting authority, and creating accountability.

The 3,500 Las Vegas Strip's MGM Grand Hotel workers are represented by the Culinary Workers Union Local 226 and the Bartenders Union Local 165. These are two examples of a. bargaining units. b. decertified union groups. c. subunions. d. employee coalitions. e. labor alliances.

a. bargaining units.

A 360 degree feedback appraisal gets input from the a. boss, subordinates, and peers. b. boss and peers. c. suppliers and customers. d. suppliers, workers, and customers. e. top, middle, and line managers.

a. boss, subordinates, and peers.

One of the major disadvantages of ranking as an appraisal method is that it a. cannot be used to compare people in different work groups. b. does not measure the employees' motivation to use their ability on a daily basis. c. has opportunity bias. d. compares employees to a fixed standard. e. creates excessive competition among employees.

a. cannot be used to compare people in different work groups.

Girl Scout leader volunteers attend monthly leader meetings to learn about changes in rules and procedures. This is an example of a. centralization. b. specialization. c. decentralization. d. departmentalization. e. compartmentalization.

a. centralization.

An organization is ____ when power and control are kept at the top levels of management. a. centralized b. specialized c. decentralized d. departmentalized e. wide

a. centralized

Organization ____ is a planned effort that is organization-wide and managed from the top. It is intended to increase organizational effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's processes using behavioral science knowledge. a. change b. design c. development d. theory e. behavior

a. change

After a message is transmitted, it must then be a. decoded. b. encoded. c. channeled through an all-channel network. d. sent to the proper recipient. e. scrubbed for noise.

a. decoded.

The first step in the reengineering process involves a. developing goals and a strategy for reengineering. b. creating a sense of urgency. c. recreating the organization. d. using top management to play a major role in the effort. e. unfreezing.

a. developing goals and a strategy for reengineering.

Ingersoll-Rand Company learned that half of the people using wrenches on an auto assembly line were women, and it recognized a need for a wrench that would fit in a wide range of hand sizes. In terms of the innovation process, this is an example of innovation a. development. b. application. c. launch. d. growth. e. maturity.

a. development.

Many companies bring together managers from various divisions to have them participate in a weekend of team-building exercises. These exercises are intended to iron out problem areas and to encourage more company-wide communications. Such exercises are one of the interventions used in organization a. development. b. theory. c. behavior. d. evaluation. e. structure.

a. development.

The primary reason for coordination in organizations is a. due to the interdependence of work units and groups. b. due to the need to foster more delegation. c. due to the requirement for centralized decision making. d. to keep the organizational structure as flat as possible. e. to break the organization's overall task into its component parts.

a. due to the interdependence of work units and groups.

A beer company used ____ to fire an employee for drinking a competitor's beer in public. Courts are increasingly ruling against such a justification for firing an employee. a. employment-at-will b. affirmative action c. affirmative disconfirmation d. reactionary reinforcement e. progenitor laws

a. employment-at-will

When labor disputes go to final and binding arbitration, arbitrators a. evaluate the management point of view to determine if it is correct. b. listen to both sides of the case. c. listen to the union point of view to decide if they agree with it. d. are selected by the union. e. are selected by management.

a. evaluate the management point of view to determine if it is correct.

Often the most difficult part of performance appraisal is a. feedback. b. compensation. c. rating actual performance. d. job evaluation. e. management by objectives.

a. feedback.

When the Army's top general decided to change Army hats from a camouflage cap to a black beret, there was great resistance. Veterans' groups protested because the black beret traditionally had been earned by rangers after significant hardship. The beret was also less practical, providing no sun protection. The decision came as a surprise to most of the Army. The general failed to use ____ to reduce resistance to change. a. force-field analysis b. facilitation c. education and communication d. participation e. institutionalizing the change

a. force-field analysis

Functional authority is a. formal authority given to staff. b. an effective way to use staff positions. c. related to the expertise of staff. d. used to help maintain the chain of command. e. All of these choices

a. formal authority given to staff.

A regional manufacturing operation has the following divisions: manufacturing, finance, human resources, marketing, and shipping/receiving. This is an example of ____ departmentalization. a. functional b. location c. product d. customer e. sequential

a. functional

Go into most hospitals, and you will find a billing department, an x-ray department, an insurance claims department, and a pharmacy. These various departments indicate that most hospitals use a ____ basis for departmentalization. a. functional b. location c. product d. customer e. sequential

a. functional

A labor agreement is enforced by the a. grievance procedure. b. union rights clause. c. management rights clause. d. union security clause. e. strike/lockout clause.

a. grievance procedure.

A work team composed of various functional managers would tend to encourage a. horizontal communication. b. professional jargon. c. downward communication. d. effective communication. e. a managerial grapevine.

a. horizontal communication.

Donald Rumsfeld said "Going to war without the French is like going deer hunting without your accordion." This is an example of a. images. b. setting. c. body language. d. effective communication. e. None of these choices

a. images.

Organization change by means of change in technology and operations occurs when an organization a. implements ERP. b. changes managerial scope. c. trains people to give them new skills and abilities. d. redesigns jobs. e. outsources nonessential functions.

a. implements ERP.

Produce grown organically is an example of a(n) ____ innovation. a. incremental b. radical c. diversified d. functional e. differentiated

a. incremental

Wal-Mart introduced self check out lanes in their stores. This is an example of a(n) ____ innovation. a. incremental b. radical c. diversified d. functional e. differentiated

a. incremental

The biggest single drawback of written communication is a. its slow feedback and interchange. b. its lack of clarity. c. the formal implications it carries. d. the lack of time for preparation. e. its lack of accuracy.

a. its slow feedback and interchange.

Ben is a music teacher at Manchester High School. He loves what he does and enjoys showing his students off. He marches them in parades and football half-time shows, even though it is not in his contract. Ben leaves Manchester High for a new job. His replacement is now expected to continue the parades and half-time shows. This is an example of a. job enlargement. b. job enrichment. c. work teams. d. job specialization. e. job rotation.

a. job enlargement.

Young adults use acronyms when texting. Many adults do not understand them (which is the point after all). This is a deliberate use of a. language differences. b. semantics. c. jargon. d. overload. e. dialogue.

a. language differences.

The communication process is a. meaning, encoding, transmission, decoding, feedback. b. meaning, noise, transmission, decoding, feedback. c. idea, encoding, transmission, decoding, feedback. d. meaning, decoding, transmission, encoding, feedback. e. idea, decoding, transmission, encoding, feedback.

a. meaning, encoding, transmission, decoding, feedback.

On the television show Mad Men, one character requires everyone to take off their shoes when entering his office. This is an example of a. nonverbal communication. b. transactional communication. c. oral communication. d. status differences as a barrier to communication. e. noise.

a. nonverbal communication.

Mary Ellen talks all the time. She states her opinion as fact. Coworkers disregard even her good suggestions because of a. overload. b. poor listening skills. c. status or power differences. d. semantics. e. reluctance to communicate.

a. overload.

When departments or units operate with little interaction, and the profits and losses are simply added together, the units operate with ____ interdependence. a. pooled b. mixed c. functional d. hierarchical e. sequential

a. pooled

The average age of Americans is getting older. Baby boomers are starting to turn 65. Morgan Stanley installed lighting that is friendlier to older eyes. This is an example of a(n) ____ innovation. a. process b. product c. radical d. managerial e. instrumental

a. process

Morgan Stanley started requiring financial planners to print reports in colors that are easier for older eyes to read. This is an example of a(n) ____ innovation. a. product b. managerial c. radical d. application e. process

a. product

Sears has departments for clothing, tools, jewelry, and home goods. This is an example of departmentalization by a. product. b. location. c. division. d. sequence. e. customer.

a. product.

Administrative intensity is the a. ratio of staff positions to line positions. b. degree to which the staff has functional authority. c. degree to which the staff uses compulsory advice. d. number of line positions divided by the number of staff positions. e. amount of line authority granted to the staff.

a. ratio of staff positions to line positions.

Many college students work as interns over the summers. Some are offered employment upon graduation. Internships can be a(n) a. realistic job preview. b. gate-hire. c. job analysis. d. job content validation. e. assessment center.

a. realistic job preview.

Reengineering is needed when an organization a. recognizes entropy. b. is dominant in its market. c. is in the early stages of the business life cycle. d. wants to improve employee morale. e. wants to implement a diversity program.

a. recognizes entropy.

The starting point for all job design activities is determining the level of desired a. specialization. b. departmentalization. c. delegation. d. authority. e. responsibility.

a. specialization.

AT&T frequently asks its employees to measure such things as workers' job satisfaction. This is an OD technique known as ____. a. surveys b. team building c. process consultation d. diagnostic activities e. third-party peacemaking

a. surveys

One of the reasons for the success of Righetti Specialties, Inc. is the fact that its employees were there when the company began and have developed strong personal relationships with each other. These strong relationships have produced a. synergy. b. entropy. c. subsystem failure. d. open systems reactivity. e. closed system thinking.

a. synergy

One outcome of good interpersonal relations in organizations is a. synergy. b. entropy. c. subsystem failure. d. open-systems reactivity. e. closed-systems thinking.

a. synergy.

Spouses of military members used to complain they could not find jobs because they moved every three years with the military. But with the increased demand for ____, some organizations value the ability to make a relatively short-term commitment by hiring military spouses. a. temporary workers b. emergent workers c. task-oriented employees d. job-specific employees e. knowledge workers

a. temporary workers

Marsha just received a letter of complaint from one of her customers. She called her sales manager to remedy the problem and is now faxing a reply to her customer. This is an example of a. the communication process. b. ineffective communication. c. noise. d. miscommunication. e. a semantics problem.

a. the communication process.

All of the following are reasons to use coaching and counseling as an organization development intervention technique EXCEPT a. to provide an evaluation of current performance. b. to help people see themselves as others see them. c. to teach behaviors that will help people to work with others. d. to help workers focus on how to perform better in the future. e. to provide nonevaluative feedback.

a. to provide an evaluation of current performance.

The CEO retired abruptly. Her replacement will not be announced until a thorough search is completed. In the meantime, managers are playing it safe. As a result of ____, the managers are resistant to change. a. uncertainty b. a high level of risk propensity c. threatened self-interests d. different perceptions e. feelings of loss

a. uncertainty

Desiree is reluctant to take a promotion because it involves moving. She knows little about the area she would be living in. According to the text, the most likely reason for such employee resistance to change is a. uncertainty. b. threatened self-interests. c. different perceptions. d. feelings of loss. e. facilitation.

a. uncertainty.

Management by wandering around increases ____ communications within an organization. a. vertical b. transactional c. downward d. horizontal e. informal

a. vertical

Which of the following is NOT a reason why employees are resistant to change? a. Uncertainty b. A high level of risk propensity c. Threatened self-interests d. Different perceptions e. Feelings of loss

b. A high level of risk propensity

If you are required by the courts or other directives to have an affirmative action plan, which of the following actions must you take? a. Abide by the requirements of passive nondiscrimination in all hiring practices b. Actively recruit minorities so your labor force will eventually be the same as the relevant labor market c. Discharge current employees and hire minorities to create the required balance in your workforce d. Just ensure that everyone who applies for a job is given equal opportunity to be hired e. Discharge any employee who does not join the union within the prescribed time period

b. Actively recruit minorities so your labor force will eventually be the same as the relevant labor market

____ deal with the distribution of authority. a. Centralization and departmentalization b. Decentralization and delegation c. Span of management and departmentalization d. Span of management and delegation e. Departmentalization and coordination

b. Decentralization and delegation

____ is the grouping of jobs into some logical arrangement. a. Specialization b. Departmentalization c. Job rotation d. Delegation e. Job design

b. Departmentalization

An organizational grapevine would be most likely to form in the absence of what kind of communication? a. Upward b. Downward c. Horizontal d. Diagonal e. Informal

b. Downward

Which of the following is NOT necessary for communication to take place? a. At least two people b. Each of the elements occurs in a relatively short time c. Someone must have information to be passed on d. An attempt to transmit information e. A fact, idea, or some other kind of message to be communicated

b. Each of the elements occurs in a relatively short time

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the effectiveness of the span of management? a. Similarity of tasks being supervised b. Extent of job rotation used c. Physical dispersion of subordinates d. Preferences of supervisors and subordinates e. Degree of required interaction

b. Extent of job rotation used

Marty works at a call center. Last week he worked 48 hours. According to the ____, he should receive overtime for the time he worked in addition to his regular 40-hour shift. a. National Labor Relations Act b. Fair Labor Standards Act c. Labor-Management Relations Act d. Occupational Safety and Health Act e. Civil Rights Act of 1991

b. Fair Labor Standards Act

A law proposed in Maine planned to deny the minimum wage to welfare recipients in jobs that they take as part of their work requirements. This proposal was in defiance of the a. National Labor Relations Act. b. Fair Labor Standards Act. c. Labor-Management Relations Act. d. Occupational Safety and Health Act. e. Civil Rights Act of 1991.

b. Fair Labor Standards Act.

Which of the following actions exemplifies the first step in the comprehensive organization change model? a. Setting standards for a new absenteeism control procedure b. Gathering employee complaints and noticing a trend c. Determining the probable causes of a recently detected drop in the level of employee job satisfaction d. Determining different techniques for enhancing employee job satisfaction e. Planning a set of meetings to help employees understand the procedures in the company's new MBO program

b. Gathering employee complaints and noticing a trend

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an advantage of oral communication? a. It is easy to use. b. It is accurate. c. It facilitates feedback. d. It is comfortable for managers. e. It can be done with little preparation.

b. It is accurate.

Which of the following is NOT an alternative to job specialization? a. Job rotation b. Job delegation c. Job enrichment d. Job enlargement e. Work teams

b. Job delegation

Although a pay increase would be useful when a change in job design is made, for which of the following would it be expected? a. Job enrichment b. Job enlargement c. Job rotation d. Creation of work teams e. Job specialization

b. Job enlargement

____, as an alternative to specialization, has the disadvantages of raising training costs, unions arguing for more pay for doing more tasks, and worker boredom setting in. a. Job enrichment b. Job enlargement c. Job rotation d. Work teams approach e. Job characteristics approach

b. Job enlargement

____ is used to determine the relative value of jobs within the organization. a. Job analysis b. Job evaluation c. The wage-level decision d. The individual wage decision e. Performance evaluation

b. Job evaluation

In which alternative to specialization does the job itself remain the same, which means satisfaction usually wanes quickly? a. Job characteristics approach b. Job rotation c. Job enrichment d. Job enlargement e. Work teams

b. Job rotation

Which of the following laws gives the president the authority to seek a court injunction to force striking unions to go back to work for 80 days when, in the president's opinion, the strike endangers the health and safety of the nation? a. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) b. Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act) c. Presidential executive order d. Occupational Safety and Health Act e. National Defense Act

b. Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act)

Which of the following is an advantage of tall organizations? a. Less expensive to operate than flat organizations b. Less administrative and supervisory responsibility for managers c. Increased worker productivity d. Increased worker morale and job satisfaction e. Fewer communication problems than in flat organizations

b. Less administrative and supervisory responsibility for managers

Kimberly-Clark offers a training program where store managers wear glasses to blur their vision, simulating older shoppers. What kind of innovation is this? a. Mechanical b. Managerial c. Incremental d. Technical e. Process

b. Managerial

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an effect that telecommuting has on organizations and the people in them? a. People have a difficult time developing solid working relationships with others in the organization. b. People keep up better with the advancements in their field because they have more time for study. c. People tend to drop out of the organizational grapevine and thus lose touch with the informal organization. d. People tend to be victimized by organizational politics because they are not present to defend themselves. e. Organization cultures tend to be weaker than they are when everyone is working on site.

b. People keep up better with the advancements in their field because they have more time for study.

The activities of a hospital depend on information sharing between admissions, nurses, doctors, the laboratory, pharmacy, and housekeeping. What level of interdependence is this? a. Pooled b. Reciprocal c. Functional d. Hierarchical e. Sequential

b. Reciprocal

The public relations department at Siemens depends on information provided by other departments to write a press release. The press release is then reviewed by the directors before announcement. What level of interdependence does this represent? a. Pooled b. Reciprocal c. Sequential d. Hierarchical e. Functional

b. Reciprocal

Which of the following would NOT be considered noise in the communication process? a. Sender and receiver with different cultural backgrounds b. Sender and receiver asking questions c. A telephone call in the middle of a job interview d. Receiver under personal stress e. A new, inexperienced employee having to make a presentation to a group of top managers

b. Sender and receiver asking questions

Tammy is trying to decide how many subordinates to assign to a first-line supervisor. The subordinates are well qualified and all working on very similar tasks. Also, they are all located in one small area of the plant. On the other hand, the supervisor in question has a large quantity of paperwork to do each day. What should Tammy do? a. She cannot determine proper span from this information. b. She should use a broad span of control. c. She should use a narrow span of control. d. It is hard to say. Half the factors dictate a broad span and half a narrow span of control. e. It really does not matter which way she chooses to go.

b. She should use a broad span of control.

Which of the following coordination techniques is appropriate when interdependence is of the complex reciprocal variety? a. Integrating department b. Task force c. Managerial hierarchy d. Centralization e. Rules and procedures

b. Task force

Which of the following federal laws does NOT have a direct impact on human resource management? a. Americans with Disabilities Act b. Trademark Law Revision Act of 1988 c. Fair Labor Standards Act d. Civil Rights Act of 1991 e. Labor-Management Relations Act

b. Trademark Law Revision Act of 1988

Which of the following forms of organizational communication is most likely to be distorted? a. Vertical b. Upward c. Downward d. Horizontal e. Written

b. Upward

The process for determining compensation requires employers to go through which process? a. Job evaluation, job analysis, and performance appraisal b. Wage-level, wage structure, and individual wage c. Wage-level, wage structure, individual wage and benefits level d. Job evaluation and job analysis e. Job evaluation, job analysis, and benefit level

b. Wage-level, wage structure, and individual wage

Which of the following statements describes specialization? a. Specialization always reduces the amount of available transfer time. b. With specialization, workers are more likely to be absent. c. Employee training is more costly. d. Individual dexterity will be decreased with specialization. e. Automation of production processes is more difficult with specialization.

b. With specialization, workers are more likely to be absent.

Selecting managerial employees sometimes involves a specially designed technique called a. a weighted application blank. b. an assessment center. c. an aptitude test. d. a job posting. e. management by objectives.

b. an assessment center.

Global positioning systems went from military use to hand-held, affordable, individual use. In terms of the innovation process, this is an example of a. innovation development. b. application launch. c. innovation application. d. innovation maturity. e. innovation decline.

b. application launch.

Integrating departments a. are never used for coordination. b. are more permanent than task forces. c. have only permanent members. d. never contain temporary members. e. are used when pooled or simple sequential interdependence exists.

b. are more permanent than task forces.

The most appropriate training technique for PepsiCo to teach its employees to make ethical decisions would be a. web-based training. b. case discussion groups. c. on-the-job training. d. assigned readings. e. programmed instruction.

b. case discussion groups.

The steps in the reengineering process do NOT involve a. developing goals and a strategy for reengineering. b. changing the attitudes of workers. c. creating a sense of urgency. d. recreating the organization. e. using top management to play a major role in the effort.

b. changing the attitudes of workers.

Written pages, face-to-face discussion, and airwaves are examples of a. decoding devices. b. communication channels. c. receiver attributes. d. communication attributes. e. encoding.

b. communication channels.

In human resource management terminology, the bonus that a manager may receive is referred to as a. benefits. b. compensation. c. the wage and benefit package. d. perquisites. e. remuneration.

b. compensation.

Recruiters need to keep in mind the employment decision goes both ways, and the perspective employee is selecting a job. One of the best tools for getting a good match between the job and the person filling the job is to a. provide a realistic job description. b. conduct a realistic job preview. c. conduct an extensive preemployment testing program. d. do extensive work on validating selection devices. e. hire professional personnel interviewers.

b. conduct a realistic job preview.

Army officers use an expression "not in my lane," which derives from the basic marksmanship function of establishing firing lanes for who fires at which targets. The idea is to spread people over the whole area so you do not miss anything and to prevent everyone from firing at the same target. This is an example of a. delegation. b. departmentalization. c. job rotation. d. job enrichment. e. job design.

b. departmentalization.

You are reading a document with the following information: "Workers will work in an office environment using a computer. Some lifting will be involved but will not exceed five pounds." You are reading part of a job a. analysis. b. description. c. specification. d. design. e. requirement.

b. description.

When delegating, a supervisor should do all of the following EXCEPT a. assign responsibility. b. develop a control system. c. create accountability. d. grant authority. e. develop subordinates.

b. develop a control system.

GE determined it could better service its customers by implementing a quality initiative called six-sigma. Its first step in this process would be to a. get top management support for the plan. b. develop goals and a strategy for this reengineering. c. create a sense of urgency among its employees. d. optimize the availability of potentially necessary reengineering resources. e. hire a change agent.

b. develop goals and a strategy for this reengineering.

Graicunas quantified three kinds of interactions with subordinates. They are a. functional, product, and customer. b. direct, cross, and group. c. direct, indirect, and indeterminate. d. delegated, centralized, and decentralized. e. group, individual, and team.

b. direct, cross, and group.

Maurice asked Sylvia, "Does your telephone system have a Traverser at the central office to aggregate Internet, phone, and TV service?" In terms of the communication process, Maurice's use of jargon was part of his a. transcending. b. encoding. c. channeling. d. decoding. e. deciphering.

b. encoding.

The second step in the communication process is a. decoding. b. encoding. c. channeling through an all-channel network. d. sending to the proper recipient. e. scrubbing for noise.

b. encoding.

Managers should make changes only when they are absolutely necessary, should announce them well in advance, and should implement the changes gradually. This is referred to as a. force-field analysis. b. facilitation. c. education and communication. d. participation. e. institutionalizing the change.

b. facilitation.

One of the major disadvantages associated with the so-called special performance test is that it a. is a poor measure of worker ability. b. fails to measure the employees' work motivation. c. fails to provide standard evaluation conditions for the workers. d. is subject to recency effect. e. is prone to opportunity bias.

b. fails to measure the employees' work motivation.

A municipal government has departments for construction, fire, first aid, schools, taxes, public works, and recreation. It ____ departmentalization. a. product b. functional c. location d. customer e. sequential

b. functional

Passive nondiscrimination requires employers to a. meet hiring quotas. b. give all job applicants equal opportunity to be hired. c. try to make the composition of their labor force the same as the relevant labor market. d. give preference to minorities and women. e. have an affirmative action plan.

b. give all job applicants equal opportunity to be hired.

Employment tests that have been determined to have an adverse impact can be used as selection devices ONLY if they a. have been specifically approved by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. b. have been shown to predict success on the job. c. are protected by a grandfather clause that grants them an exemption. d. are covered by presidential executive order. e. continue to result in discriminatory hiring practices.

b. have been shown to predict success on the job.

IBM has an internal program called Master Inventor that provides great recognition and reward to potential entrepreneurs from any level of the organization who propose a new product idea. The Master Inventor program supports a. sponsorship. b. intrapreneurship. c. venture capitalists. d. only radical innovation. e. participative innovation.

b. intrapreneurship.

The systematic collection and recording of information about jobs in the organization is known as a. job evaluation. b. job analysis. c. job specification. d. staffing. e. the selection process.

b. job analysis.

Invacare modified the wheelchair assembly process so that workers assemble the entire wheelchair rather than simply adding one or two pieces as is normal on most assembly lines. This is an example of a. job enrichment. b. job enlargement. c. job rotation. d. quality circles. e. work teams.

b. job enlargement.

The job characteristics approach to job design is a specific method for taking into account both the work system and employee preferences. It is similar to the more general ____ approach. a. job rotation b. job enrichment c. job enlargement d. work teams e. job specialization

b. job enrichment

Carol worked in an office assigning, reviewing, and assessing projects. When her office was moved closer to the projects, she could walk outside to check on the projects. The ability to get fresh air in the middle of the day raised her job satisfaction significantly. This is an example of a. job enlargement. b. job enrichment. c. work teams. d. job specialization. e. job rotation.

b. job enrichment.

All of the following are steps in human resource planning EXCEPT a. job analysis. b. job evaluation. c. forecasting human resource supply. d. forecasting human resource demand. e. plan for dealing with predicted shortfalls or overstaffing.

b. job evaluation.

Top managers at GE are highly regarded by other companies. They are frequently approached by executive search firms with information about openings at other companies. The managers are examples of a. emergent workers. b. knowledge workers. c. contributory employees. d. task-oriented employees. e. job-oriented workers.

b. knowledge workers.

The two approaches organizations can take to create a formal information system are a. supervisory and investigative. b. managerial and operational. c. directive and consultative. d. managerial and functional. e. supervisory and participative.

b. managerial and operational.

When Jerre Stead took over as the CEO of Ingram Micro, a wholesale business that distributes computer parts to manufacturers and computers to retailers, he was following a CEO who was strongly authoritarian. Stead immediately removed all office doors, renamed his managers "coaches," and began describing himself as "head coach." This organization change was an example of change in a. social responsibility. b. organization structure and design. c. technology and operations. d. people. e. organization mission.

b. organization structure and design.

Frito-Lay switched the oil used to make Ruffles potato chips to sunflower oil because it is healthier. This is an example of a ____ change. a. functional b. planned c. line management d. reactive e. hierarchical

b. planned

Metavante Corporation is a provider of data processing for banking companies. In a ____ change, it decided to buy Derivion Corporation, a company that allows organizations that bill consumersutilities, insurance firms, and telecommunications companiesto outsource electronic billing functions. Metavante has a long-term growth strategy that it has been implementing in an orderly fashion, and the purchase seemed appropriate to further its strategy. a. functional b. planned c. line management d. reactive e. hierarchical

b. planned

Weather forecasts give a few days notice for when and where a hurricane is expected to travel. Businesses try to shift from reactive change to ____. a. functional b. planned c. operational d. managerial e. hierarchical

b. planned

Germany's biggest labor union, the I.G. Metall labor union, threatened to call a strike of industrial and electrical workers in the province of Baden-Wurttemberg, the heart of Germany's automotive and high-tech industries. A binding arbitrator, Hans-Jochen Vogel, was called in to settle the dispute. Like in the United States, this arbitrator a. would have been paid for by the government. b. rendered a decision that both parties had to obey. c. could suggest possible compromise but could do nothing to thwart the strike. d. would have been paid for by the employers. e. would have been selected by a majority of the union members.

b. rendered a decision that both parties had to obey.

Life guards at a public pool change positions every thirty minutes. They use job ____. a. specialization b. rotation c. delegation d. enlargement e. enrichment

b. rotation

Mihee is in nursing school. Part of her practical experience is to spend a few weeks in each department of the hospital. The school is using job ____ as a training technique. a. specialization b. rotation c. loading d. enlargement e. enrichment

b. rotation

Workers in a McDonald's are trained to cook, clean, fill drinks, take orders, and fill orders. During a shift they work each job for one hour. This is an example of job a. specialization. b. rotation. c. delegation. d. enlargement. e. enrichment.

b. rotation.

Once the firm has developed a pool of applicants, the next step is a. predictive validation. b. selection. c. revision of the skills inventory. d. empirical validation. e. content validation.

b. selection.

The person who transmits the message is the a. receiver. b. sender. c. messenger. d. translator. e. boss.

b. sender.

Luzia is 6'1" tall. When she meets with people she prefers to sit at a table. This is an example of a. images. b. setting. c. body language. d. effective communication. e. management by sitting down.

b. setting.

Sprint maintains a computerized spreadsheet of education, skills, experience, and career aspirations of its current employees. This is a a. labor regression analysis. b. skills inventory. c. performance appraisal system. d. replacement chart. e. career opportunity roster.

b. skills inventory.

When organization change involves the planned alteration of the control systems or work activities, the change primarily involves the area of a. people. b. technology and operations. c. social responsibility. d. culture. e. organization structure and design.

b. technology and operations.

When the retailer Talbot's opened its website and made most of the items that it sells through its stores and retail outlets available at its web store, this was an example of organization change through a change in a. people. b. technology and operations. c. social responsibility. d. culture. e. structure and design.

b. technology and operations.

One of the most hated weeks at the college's alumni office was the week in which the alumni newsletters were prepared for mailing. The process of folding, stapling, sorting, and affixing labels was all done by hand and required the assistance of everyone who worked in the alumni office. Then the alumni director purchased a machine that would perform all of the tasks that had once been done manually. The director decided to purchase the machine to improve group relationships and to remove the cause of much of the organization's stress. This is an example of an organization development intervention technique known as a. diagnostic activities. b. technostructural activities. c. third-party peacemaking. d. team building. e. process consultation.

b. technostructural activities.

The focus of the organization development intervention technique known as technostructural activities is on a. the patterns, processes, and methods of conflict resolution in the organization. b. the design of the organization, its transformation processes, and how they interrelate with people. c. helping people to formulate their own goals and integrate them with the goals of the organization. d. enhancing the overall effectiveness of the group through understanding of other people's points of view. e. improving the relationship between two or more groups.

b. the design of the organization, its transformation processes, and how they interrelate with people.

In unionized firms, internal recruitment methods are a. required by the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act). b. usually required in the labor agreement. c. strictly a management prerogative. d. part of the labor contract only when seniority is not the basis for promotion. e. rarely, if ever, used.

b. usually required in the labor agreement.

The new president installed suggestion boxes where employees can pass along their suggestions to the president. The new president is encouraging a. whistle-blowing. b. vertical communication. c. horizontal communication. d. downward communication. e. the creation of a grapevine.

b. vertical communication.

Costco has a reputation for paying higher than the prevailing wages in its industry. This is an example of a(n) ____ decision by its management. a. wage-structure b. wage-level c. wage-evaluation d. incentive e. benefits

b. wage-level

When staff and line managers together determine what aspects of a job they want to reward and how much those factors are worth, they are in the process of making a(n) ____ decision. a. wage-level b. wage-structure c. individual wage d. benefit level e. perquisite

b. wage-structure

The primary change required to convert to making pipe out of plastic rather than steel or copper is in the area of a. information systems. b. work process. c. work sequences. d. control systems. e. enterprise resource planning.

b. work process.

Employers are required by law to provide their employees with ____, a benefit. a. employer-funded pension funds b. workers' compensation c. health insurance d. retraining for laid-off workers e. life insurance

b. workers' compensation

The National Labor Relations Board will conduct a union certification election if a. 50 percent of the firm's employees sign authorization cards. b. 30 percent of the firm's employees sign authorization cards. c. 30 percent of the potential bargaining unit sign authorization cards. d. 30 percent of those voting support a union. e. 60 percent of the firm's employees sign authorization cards.

c. 30 percent of the potential bargaining unit sign authorization cards.

Which of the following factors is an internal force for change? a. Increases in the prime lending rate b. Increased attempts by unions to organize new companies c. A change in attitude of workers toward unannounced layoffs d. The development of new technology that makes your factory obsolete e. A foreign competitor introducing a product similar to yoursbut less expensiveinto the U.S. market

c. A change in attitude of workers toward unannounced layoffs

What would most likely cause an organization to decentralize? a. The need to make decisions that could cost the company millions of dollars b. A large number of new and untested middle managers c. A dynamic or complex environment d. A corporate culture that believes that all important decisions must be made by top-level managers e. Strong leadership at top levels

c. A dynamic or complex environment

____ is an informal communication network among people in an organization. a. Upward communication b. Downward communication c. A grapevine d. Horizontal communication e. An MIS

c. A grapevine

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an advantage of product departmentalization? a. Decision making can be done at the top management levels. b. All similar activities within an organization can be done simultaneously. c. Administrative costs are lower. d. Sales forecasting is easier. e. Performance of individual product lines is easy to assess.

c. Administrative costs are lower.

____ is defined as clear and distinct lines of authority among all positions in an organization. a. Autonomy b. Delegation c. Chain of command d. Span of management e. Departmentalization

c. Chain of command

Which of the following is NOT an example of an organization change produced as a result of changing people? a. Changing skill levels b. Installing a new incentive system c. Changing organizational culture d. Informing and educating the workforce e. Trying to eliminate adversarial relationships

c. Changing organizational culture

____ is a discussion process between union and management that focuses on agreeing to a written contract that will cover all relevant aspects of their relationship. a. Negotiation b. The grievance procedure c. Collective bargaining d. Certification e. Arbitration

c. Collective bargaining

____ requires line managers to at least listen to comments and suggestions from staff agencies even if they do not take the advice. a. Functional authority b. Staff authority c. Compulsory advice d. Line authority e. Pooled coordination

c. Compulsory advice

____ are employees whose contributions to an organization are based on their mental abilities. a. Technical workers b. Knowledge workers c. Contributory employees d. Task-oriented employees e. Consultants

c. Contributory employees

____ involves linking together the activities of the various parts of an organization to promote harmonious movement toward organizational goals. a. Decentralization b. Delegation c. Coordination d. Job design e. Centralization

c. Coordination

The ____ requires payment of overtime to employees who work more than 40 hours per week. a. Equal Pay Act b. Workmen's Compensation Act c. Fair Labor Standards Act d. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) e. Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act)

c. Fair Labor Standards Act

Eduardo developed brain cancer. His wife accompanied him to Boston where he received experimental surgery. The ability to leave her job and know that it would be hers when she returned was made possible by the a. Fair Labor Standards Act. b. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act). c. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. d. Labor Practices Act. e. Equal Pay Act.

c. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.

At Haldeman Ford dealership employees specialize in sales, service maintenance, customer service, and accounting. What form of departmentalization does Haldeman use? a. Customer b. Product c. Functional d. Divisional e. Location

c. Functional

Which of the following methods of departmentalization groups jobs according to their involvement in the same or similar activities? a. Customer b. Product c. Functional d. Divisional e. Location

c. Functional

According to the text, what is probably the most effective way to use staff positions? a. Give them line authority b. Give them the authority to use compulsory advice c. Give them functional authority d. Put them directly in the chain of command e. Give them staff authority

c. Give them functional authority

Which of the following statements about the grapevine is TRUE? a. Use of the grapevine is on the decrease because of the advent of more sophisticated communication devices. b. The grapevine format called the cluster chain primarily carries personal information. c. Grapevine information is fairly accurate. d. Grapevines are most active in small companies. e. Since they cannot control the grapevine, managers should make every effort to eliminate it.

c. Grapevine information is fairly accurate.

Given the environment in which organizations must function today, which of the following statements about human resource management (HRM) is FALSE? a. HRM should have an important place because of the complex legal environment. b. HRM should be a part of the strategic planning process. c. HRM should be left to line managers because they know their people best. d. HRM should be viewed as a means of significantly increasing productivity. e. Human capital reflects the organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective workforce.

c. HRM should be left to line managers because they know their people best.

Which of the following statements about the grapevine is FALSE? a. It can be used to transmit information quickly. b. It builds a sense of togetherness. c. It is a useful way to transmit confidential information. d. It may extend beyond the organizational boundaries. e. It is often used as a way to get power.

c. It is a useful way to transmit confidential information.

____ is the determination of an individual's work-related responsibilities. a. Organization structure b. Organization design c. Job design d. Departmentalization e. Delegation

c. Job design

Which of the following labor laws increases management's rights during union organizing campaigns? a. Fair Labor Standards Act b. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) c. Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act) d. Labor Practices Act e. Equal Pay Act

c. Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act)

Demetra is head underwriter for Beta Insurance. The administrative section that receives applications from the sales force and gathers other information that the underwriters need works for her. The underwriting department also comes under her supervision. What coordination technique does this represent? a. Integrating department b. Task force c. Managerial hierarchy d. Centralization e. Rules and procedures

c. Managerial hierarchy

Which of the following laws requires management to bargain in good faith with the designated employee representatives? a. Management Practices Act b. Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act) c. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) d. Employee Security Act e. Sherman Antitrust Act

c. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

____ is anything that interferes with the communication process. a. Channel clatter b. Interference c. Noise d. Static e. Transmission difficulty

c. Noise

____ is defined as substantive modification of any part of an organization. a. Organization development b. Organizing c. Organization change d. Organization implementation e. Organizational structure

c. Organization change

Which of the following is NOT an objective measure of performance appraisal? a. Number of sales dollars generated b. Number of units produced c. Ranking of coworkers by their superior d. Quality index based on the number of rejects e. Number of sales calls made

c. Ranking of coworkers by their superior

Insurance claim clerks handle cases based on policy number. What basis of departmentalization does this represent? a. Time b. Function c. Sequence d. Location e. Product

c. Sequence

Which of the following is an example of downward communication? a. Employee suggestion box b. Expense account filed by a sales representative with her supervisor c. Standard operating procedure d. Letter to the editor in the company newsletter e. Absenteeism report from the clerk who keeps employee records

c. Standard operating procedure

Who is responsible for overseeing the process of forming a local union? a. The management of the organization being un onized b. The Department of Labor c. The National Labor Relations Board d. The national union(s) involved e. Employees

c. The National Labor Relations Board

Which of the following is a potential area of concern for managers when they use internal sources to fill a vacant position? a. A drop in morale b. An increase in turnover c. The ripple effect d. Complaints from the union e. The loss of highly qualified employees

c. The ripple effect

In large organizations you would expect to find ____ departmentalization(s). a. location b. customer c. a combination of two or more d. functional e. product

c. a combination of two or more

George is an average performer in a high-profile job. Since he appears to come through at critical times, his performance is usually rated above less critical jobs performed by exceptional people. George benefits from a. leniency. b. a central tendency error. c. a halo error. d. a recency error. e. a ranking error.

c. a halo error.

Giovanna is very competent. She works in a relatively predictable environment. All of his subordinates do the same activity with few problems. This situation would tend to call for a. a narrow span of management. b. delegation. c. a wide span of management. d. a tall organization. e. a decentralized organization.

c. a wide span of management.

Cole, Inc. has determined that its forecast demand for middle managers is greater than its forecast supply. All of the following would be appropriate actions EXCEPT a. recruiting. b. extending the retirement date. c. attrition. d. promotion. e. cross-training.

c. attrition.

The term ____ suggests that there must be a clear and unbroken line of authority and responsibility from the lowest to the highest position. a. autonomy b. delegation c. chain of command d. unity of command e. scalar principle

c. chain of command

Germany's biggest labor union, the I.G. Metall labor union, asked employers for a 6.5 percent increase due to a growth in the German economy. Employers countered with a 2 percent increase. Thus began the ____ process. a. labor relations b. grievance procedure c. collective bargaining d. certification e. arbitration

c. collective bargaining

A preemployment test that requires applicants to perform the same kinds of tasks as they will actually do on the job will have high a. administrative intensity. b. nominal validity. c. content validity. d. predictive validity. e. related validity.

c. content validity.

When the message that is received is basically the same in meaning as the message that was sent, the communication is said to be a. simple. b. nonverbal. c. effective. d. pervasive. e. autonomous.

c. effective.

The process by which the manager identifies and then tries to eliminate as many of the negativesfactors that will make the job of change more difficultas possible is called a. facilitation. b. implementation. c. force-field analysis. d. participative development. e. communication and education.

c. force-field analysis.

Merrill Lynch lists all of its global job openings on its website. This is an example of a. internal recruiting. b. external recruiting. c. internal and external recruiting. d. want ads. e. forecasting demand.

c. internal and external recruiting.

Identifying current employees who would like to change jobs is accomplished by a. job posting. b. job analysis. c. internal recruiting. d. job evaluation. e. performance evaluation.

c. internal recruiting.

Susan is a joke writer for late night television. She used to receive the "setups" someone else wrote. Now she is included in writing the "setups." This is an example of a. job specialization. b. job rotation. c. job enrichment. d. job enlargement. e. a narrow span of management.

c. job enrichment.

An appropriate basis of departmentalization for multinational companies is a. product. b. function. c. location. d. customer. e. sequence.

c. location.

An advantage of ____ is that they reach a wide audience and this allows minorities equal opportunity. a. a private employment agency b. an executive search firm c. newspaper ads d. campus interviews e. gate hires

c. newspaper ads

Alisca's firm has been cutting back. The computers are getting older and slower. Customers with newer programs are starting to have problems with program compatibility. This is causing a. channel clatter. b. interference. c. noise. d. static. e. transmission difficulty.

c. noise.

Ashley was being interviewed for a job opening when her interviewer was interrupted by his assistant with an urgent phone message. This is an example of a. overload. b. miscommunication. c. noise. d. a semantic problem. e. three-way communication.

c. noise.

Microsoft announced it would start giving employees stock shares instead of stock options and that it would record the stocks as expenses on its books. It was undergoing a. organization development. b. organization evolution. c. organization change. d. organization implementation. e. organizational structure.

c. organization change.

Emilia is allowed to approve expenditures under $10,000. If the amount is higher she needs her boss's approval. This is an attempt to reduce ____ with the boss. a. jargon b. semantics c. overload d. status differences e. power differences

c. overload

Microsoft and Sony improved the graphics on their video game platforms. But Nintendo chose to make the new control for the Wii game console similar to a TV remote instead of filling it with buttons and triggers that intimidate nongamers. Nintendo chose a. reactive change. b. unfreezing. c. planned change. d. refreezing. e. a change agent.

c. planned change.

If you give a paper-and-pencil test to job applicants in your organization and then later do a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between success on the testing device and success on some measure of performance, you are determining a. content validity. b. affirmative action results. c. predictive validity. d. the adverse impact of the hire. e. test reliability.

c. predictive validity.

While some employers are upset by regulations that set the legal limit on how far apart the risers on a ladder can be, OSHA safety standards are intended to a. prevent long-term health hazards for employees. b. provide uniform equipment for employee protection from excessive noise, air contaminants, and so on. c. prevent on-the-job accidents. d. collect data for determining hazardous or nonhazardous job classifications. e. gather data on a broad range of employee complaints concerning excessive dust, radiation, and so on.

c. prevent on-the-job accidents.

The intervention technique called ____ has organization development consultants observe the communication patterns and methods of cooperation and conflict resolution in an organization. a. technostructural activities b. team building c. process consultation d. diagnostic activities e. third-party peacemaking

c. process consultation

Jan is an average salesperson. She tends to make her sales quota four out of every five months. Last month she closed the largest sale that her company has ever made in its history. Even though there is no indication that she is now an exceptional salesperson, her supervisor ranked her as one. This is an example of how a ____ error can influence a performance appraisal. a. halo b. leniency c. recency d. frequency e. vestibule

c. recency

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act is enforced by a. the executive branch. b. the judicial branch. c. the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. d. the press. e. the National Labor Relations Board.

c. the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

When managers delegate responsibility and grant authority to their subordinates a. they diminish their own capability to get things done. b. they diminish their own power and authority. c. they are still ultimately responsible for the results. d. good performance by subordinates will be viewed as a threat to the managers' own careers. e. they are using an inefficient training method.

c. they are still ultimately responsible for the results.

When managers let people who will be affected by an impending change know the reasons for the change, the ____ stage of the Lewin model of organization change has been reached. a. implementing b. recognizing c. unfreezing d. transforming e. refreezing

c. unfreezing

A(n) ____ decision is based on the comparison of a company's wages with those of other companies. a. wage-structure b. wage-incentive c. wage-level d. equitable compensation e. compensation-valence

c. wage-level

Which of the following represents organization change by means of a change in people? a. A change in the use of computers b. Adopting a new main basis of departmentalization c. Installing a new information system d. Implementing a new performance appraisal system e. Making decisions by team work

d. Implementing a new performance appraisal system

____ are most alike in terms of the amount of authority and responsibility workers are given with each. a. Job rotation and job enrichment b. Work teams and job enlargement c. Job rotation and work teams d. Job enrichment and work teams e. Job enlargement and job enrichment

d. Job enrichment and work teams

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the wage-level decision? a. Industry averages b. Law of supply and demand c. What other employers in the area are paying d. Job evaluation e. Ability to pay

d. Job evaluation

Which of the following statements about written communication is FALSE? a. Written communication improves accuracy. b. Written communication hinders feedback. c. Written communication is more time-consuming than oral communication. d. Most managers prefer written communication to oral communication. e. Written communication is often quite accurate and provides a permanent record of the exchange.

d. Most managers prefer written communication to oral communication.

Which of the following labor regulations could have potentially prevented a 2006 mine accident in West Virginia that killed 11 miners? a. National Labor Relations Act b. Fair Labor Standards Act c. Labor-Management Relations Act d. Occupational Safety and Health Act e. Civil Rights Act of 1991

d. Occupational Safety and Health Act

A company that requires everyone working on a computer to use a gel hand rest would be in accordance with the a. National Labor Relations Act. b. Fair Labor Standards Act. c. Labor-Management Relations Act. d. Occupational Safety and Health Act. e. Civil Rights Act of 1991.

d. Occupational Safety and Health Act.

Which of the following actions would violate the intent of the Equal Pay Act? a. Refusing to hire women b. Paying a man more than a woman doing the same job because he had worked for the company longer than she c. Paying a man more than a woman doing the same work simply because he has qualifications she does not have d. Paying a woman less than a man doing the same work because she is the second wage earner in a dual-career family e. Using performance differences as justification for pay differences between men and women doing the same job

d. Paying a woman less than a man doing the same work because she is the second wage earner in a dual-career family

On which basis does current employment law permit an employer to pay different amounts to workers on the same job? a. Age b. Certain forms of handicap c. Nationality d. Performance e. Religious preference

d. Performance

Which of the following sender techniques for improving communication is probably most important? a. Maintaining credibility b. Being sensitive to the other person's position c. Being aware of the meanings others may place on words d. Providing channels for feedback e. Practicing

d. Providing channels for feedback

At BMW the marketing department helps develop sales forecast for the operations managers, who give availability information to dealerships. When dealerships have a specific order, they send it to operations. What level of interdependence does this example represent? a. Pooled b. Mixed c. Functional d. Reciprocal e. Sequential

d. Reciprocal

Which of the following is characterized as a barrier to communication resulting from interpersonal dynamics rather than from a characteristic of the sender or the receiver? a. Lack of credibility b. Poor listening skills c. Conflicting or inconsistent signals d. Status differences e. Predispositions about the subject at hand

d. Status differences

Which of these is associated with a smaller span of management? a. More job rotation b. Tasks that are very similar c. Work that is standardized d. Subordinates who are widely dispersed e. Subordinates who prefer low supervision

d. Subordinates who are widely dispersed

In Organization A, three people are assigned to each supervisor. In Organization B, six people are assigned to each supervisor. Assuming that the number of people in both organizations is the same, which of the following relationships exists? a. Organization A is flatter than Organization B. b. Organization A will be more successful than B. c. Organization A is more decentralized than Organization B. d. The span of management in Organization A is narrower than in Organization B. e. More delegation will take place in Organization A than in Organization B.

d. The span of management in Organization A is narrower than in Organization B.

Legislation that places constraints on the selection of employees includes a. the Fair Labor Standards Act. b. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. c. the Age Discrimination Act. d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Age Discrimination Act. e. All of these choices

d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Age Discrimination Act.

If overstaffing is expected, the main options are all EXCEPT which of the following? a. To transfer employees b. To not replace people who quit c. To encourage early retirement d. To limit production e. To lay people off

d. To limit production

The best time to use oral communication is when you have to exchange a. a monthly report on company absenteeism. b. a nonpersonal message. c. a lengthy welcoming message to a new salesperson. d. a brief, time-sensitive, personal message. e. detailed information about an upcoming negotiation.

d. a brief, time-sensitive, personal message.

A company blog at Wegmans gathers information from a group of people on a topic. For example, everyone who interviewed a prospective job candidate could post their assessment on a blog and comment on each other's observations. This is an example of a(n) ____ communication network. a. chain b. Y c. circle d. all-channel e. wheel

d. all-channel

The office grapevine usually is not linear at all but an informal ____ communication network. a. chain b. Y c. circle d. all-channel e. wheel

d. all-channel

As Nilu listens, the interviewer talks about the company's on-site child care, health insurance, dental plan, and vacation time. The interviewer is discussing a. incentives. b. compensation. c. pay. d. benefits. e. wages.

d. benefits.

Effective delegation incorporates all the following steps EXCEPT a. assigning responsibility to the subordinate. b. granting sufficient authority to do the job. c. making the subordinate accountable for results. d. closely supervising the subordinate following the delegation. e. giving the subordinate the power to accomplish the assigned task.

d. closely supervising the subordinate following the delegation.

Another name for span of management is span of a. delegation. b. authority. c. centralization. d. control. e. influence.

d. control.

Hospitals have sections devoted to senior citizens (geriatric wards), children (pediatric wards), cancer patients (oncology wards), heart patients (coronary units), etc. From this information alone, you would say that hospitals use ____ departmentalization. a. product b. function c. location d. customer e. sequence

d. customer

Maurice asked Sylvia, "Does your telephone system have a Traverser at the central office to aggregate Internet, phone, and TV service?" In terms of the communication process, Sylvia was unable to ____ the message because she did not understand the jargon Maurice used. a. transmit b. encode c. channel d. decode e. decipher

d. decode

Andrea had worked in the marketing department for 27 years. She knows the history and successes of the office better than any other employee. When change is suggested, she is reluctant because she remembers accomplishments related to the current way of doing things. As a result of ____, she is resistant to change. a. uncertainty b. a high level of risk propensity c. threatened self-interests d. different perceptions e. feelings of loss

d. different perceptions

Organizations holding federal contracts exceeding a certain dollar value must have affirmative action plans according to a. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. b. the Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act). c. the Fair Labor Standards Act. d. executive orders. e. ERISA.

d. executive orders.

A force-field analysis identifies a. management potential in existing employees. b. differing perceptions among future employees. c. differing perceptions among managers regarding structural change. d. factors that facilitate or hinder organization change. e. the appropriate span of management for an organization.

d. factors that facilitate or hinder organization change.

The extent to which workers know how well they are doing in their jobs is called a. autonomy. b. compensation. c. evaluation. d. feedback. e. sensing.

d. feedback.

With job enrichment, workers can ____. This does not occur with job enlargement. a. periodically move from one job to another b. complete more of the same type of tasks c. experience enhanced pride because they excel at one narrow task d. find their authority and responsibility are increased e. take longer and more frequent breaks

d. find their authority and responsibility are increased

The best time to use written communication is when you have to exchange a. an extremely time-sensitive message. b. an extraordinary message. c. a personal message such as with a loved one. d. important details. e. information about a missed shipment from a supplier who does not usually make errors.

d. important details.

Politicians sometimes want to gauge public opinion about an idea before they formally announce it. They have subordinates talk off the record with reporters. This is part of the ____. a. upward communication b. vertical communication c. formal communication d. informal communication e. transactional communication

d. informal communication

Research indicates that managers spend most of their time a. sending e-mail. b. reading e-mail. c. on the computer. d. interacting with others. e. giving speeches.

d. interacting with others.

Veronica has a high growth-need. She never wants to feel stagnant. She would like ____. a. job enrichment b. job enlargement c. job rotation d. job characteristics approach e. job specialization

d. job characteristics approach

One of the common complaints of special education teachers is that they are not allowed to teach because of all the paperwork they are required to fill out and keep current. They once only had to teach, but now they have so many other duties that they don't feel they are doing anything well. In this case, ____ did not produce satisfied workers. a. job specialization b. job rotation c. job enrichment d. job enlargement e. a narrow span of management

d. job enlargement

Derda, Inc. manufactures equipment used for professional woodworking. It has one department devoted to producing embossing machines, which are used to create wood moldings and panels. It has another department that produces sanding machines. The departments interact very little on a day-to-day basis, and their only responsibility to each other is to see that they both contribute to Derda's success. There is, however, an engineer assigned to the embosser department who stays in contact with people in the sander department to make sure that each is being treated equitably. As the engineer has no formal role, he is likely playing the coordinating role of a. integrator. b. disseminator. c. monitor. d. liaison. e. taskmaster.

d. liaison.

Edward Lewis, CEO of Essence Communications, strolls around the organization and starts spontaneous conversations with employees and others involved with the company. He says it allows him to keep his finger on the pulse of the organization. Lewis engages in a. management by objective. b. formal grapevine management. c. management by exception. d. management by wandering around. e. participative management.

d. management by wandering around.

If a manager has only a few subordinates, she has a span of management that is a. wide. b. functional. c. delegated. d. narrow. e. direct.

d. narrow.

Total sales, budget expenditure, and the number of claims processed are all examples of a. training methods. b. predictive validation methods. c. content validation methods. d. objective performance appraisal criteria. e. judgmental performance appraisal criteria.

d. objective performance appraisal criteria.

Ken is a newly hired police officer. He has been assigned to ride along with a more experienced officer to learn about paperwork, how to handle accident scenes, how to deal with domestic disputes, and other duties that he will be expected to perform. The police department that hired Ken is using ____ training. a. simulation b. behavior modeling c. lecture d. on-the-job e. programmed instructional

d. on-the-job

The Oyster Creek nuclear power plant was briefly shut down after a problem with a drain was discovered. This is an example of a ____ change. a. functional b. planned c. line management d. reactive e. hierarchical

d. reactive

A commonly used technique for planning specific human resource requirements in higher-level positions is the a. labor regression analysis. b. skills inventory. c. performance appraisal system. d. replacement chart. e. career opportunity roster.

d. replacement chart.

Managers plan, control, organize, and lead. They need good people abilities as well as analytical abilities. A manager's job has a. autonomy. b. feedback. c. task significance. d. skill variety. e. task identity.

d. skill variety.

Job ____ refers to the degree to which the organization's overall task is broken down and divided into smaller component parts. a. delegation b. departmentalization c. organization d. specialization e. decentralization

d. specialization

Jerry is chief ethics officer. He is involved with risk management, stakeholder relationships, whistle-blowing, ethics training, investigations, and preparation of financial statements. Jerry has a(n) ____ position. a. line b. integrating c. hierarchical d. staff e. managerial

d. staff

State employees have grades 1-9, and within each grade they have steps 1-5. This is an example of a. prevailing wages. b. wage level. c. individual wages. d. wage structure. e. equitable compensation.

d. wage structure.

The reengineering of an organization involves a. business process change. b. potential major gains in service capabilities. c. changing all aspects of a business. d. the expenditure of cost and/or time. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

To which of the following management functions does communicating directly relate? a. Controlling b. Planning c. Leading d. Organizing. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following factors influences the effectiveness of the span of management? a. Standardization b. Frequency of new problems c. Physical dispersion d. Competence of the manager e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following factors influences the encoding process? a. The content of the message b. The familiarity of the sender and receiver c. Sender's personal distractions d. The message composition or makeup e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is a channel of communication? a. Telephone call b. Letter c. Facial expression d. Job interview e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is a selection technique? a. Tests b. Interviews c. Assessment centers d. Application blanks e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is a type of intervention or activity commonly used in organization development? a. Education b. Survey feedback c. Intergroup activities d. Life and career planning e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is an example of communication? a. Radio b. Texting c. A listener folding her arms d. A baby crying e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is an example of vertical communication? a. Performance evaluation interview b. Company newsletter c. Sales manager conducting a sales meeting d. Employee calling in sick to his or her supervisor e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is an individual barrier to effective communication? a. Poor listening skills b. Semantics c. Noise d. Different perceptions e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is likely to occur if electronic communication is used at the expense of face-to-face meetings and conversations? a. It will be harder to build a strong organization culture. b. It will be harder to develop solid working relationships. c. It will be harder to create a mutually supportive atmosphere of trust and cooperation. d. It will be easier for members of the organization to work from widely separated locations. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following statements are accurate about job specialization? a. Workers are more proficient. b. Equipment is more specialized. c. Training is simplified. d. Workers are more likely to be bored. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following statements describes a barrier to effective delegation? a. The manager may feel it will be quicker to do it herself. b. The manager may be afraid of looking inferior to the subordinate. c. The manager may feel her communication skills are not strong enough. d. The subordinate may feel that the task is not in her job description. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of functional departmentalization? a. Organizational decision making is faster. b. Each department is staffed by experts. c. Functional managers can easily control activities within the department. d. Areas of responsibility are clearly defined. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following would be classified under the broad heading of organization change by means of technology and operations? a. A company that makes battery-powered flashlights decides to replace the metal cases with lighter-weight plastic ones. b. A manufacturer change replaces final inspections with periodic inspections. c. An insurance company alters the process of logging and verifying claims. d. A company consolidates its offices to take advantage of PC networking. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Howard has a six month old son. Howard is thankful for the ____ every time he pushes a stroller down a ramp or has more space in a store. The act has helped a broad range of people. a. Occupational Safety and Health Act b. Civil Rights Act c. Fair Labor Standards Act d. National Labor Relations Act e. Americans with Disabilities Act

e. Americans with Disabilities Act

When a TVA employee found 173 screws lying on the ground underneath a large electrical transformer, he immediately reported it to his supervisor, who instructed the employee to forget what he had seen. The employee then began to talk about his find to his coworkers. The coworkers then told more people, and the story about the generator and the supervisor who said to forget it traveled all over the organization via which type of grapevine? a. Gossip b. Chain c. Wheel d. All-channel e. Cluster

e. Cluster

When the CEO of an auction company developed chest pains and went into the hospital, the news instantly traveled throughout the organization when one person told groups of people, who then told more groups. Which type of grapevine was most likely used in this situation? a. Gossip b. Chain c. Wheel d. All-channel e. Cluster

e. Cluster

Which of the following types of communication does NOT typically follow formal organizational channels of communication? a. Vertical b. Upward c. Downward d. Horizontal e. Grapevine

e. Grapevine

Which of the following statements describes a problem associated with the Lewin model of organization change? a. It is too complicated for many people to comprehend. b. It fails to highlight the importance of planning change. c. It fails to communicate the value of change. d. It does not deal with reinforcing change after it has been made. e. It lacks operational specificity.

e. It lacks operational specificity.

Employees of CNN saw military boats around D.C. and someone said they heard gunfire. CNN reported military action. However, there was no gunfire and the Coast Guard was doing training only. The next day, newspapers reported about the miscommunication and helped clarify the confusion. This illustrates which advantage of written communication? a. Its slow feedback and interchange b. Its lack of clarity c. The formal implications it carries d. Its time for preparation e. Its accuracy

e. Its accuracy

____ is defined as systematically moving employees from one job to another. a. Job enlargement b. Job enrichment c. Work teams d. Job specialization e. Job rotation

e. Job rotation

Which of the following methods of coordination is MOST appropriate for pooled or simple sequential interdependence? a. Task forces or integrating departments b. Managerial hierarchy or liaison roles c. Task forces or liaison roles d. Formalized rules or liaison roles e. Managerial hierarchy or rules and procedures

e. Managerial hierarchy or rules and procedures

During which phase of the organizational innovation process do most organizations have access to an innovation and apply it in the same way? a. Development b. Application c. Launch d. Growth e. Maturity

e. Maturity

Procter & Gamble is departmentalized, in part, on the basis of product. Which of the following characteristics would you expect to find at Procter & Gamble? a. High levels of functional specialization b. Narrow range of skills in each department to enhance supervision c. A dual command structure d. Slow and bureaucratic decision making e. More effective evaluation of the performance of individual products or product groups than with functional departmentalization

e. More effective evaluation of the performance of individual products or product groups than with functional departmentalization

Employees in staff positions a. are part of the direct chain of command. b. are given total responsibility for the achievement of organizational goals. c. have more authority than people in line positions. d. have the same organizational purpose as employees in line positions. e. None of these choices

e. None of these choices

Which of the following is an organizational barrier to effective communication? a. Credibility b. Reluctance to communicate c. Poor listening skills d. Conflicting signals e. None of these choices

e. None of these choices

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of oral communication? a. Clarity b. Accuracy c. Avoids problems associated with noise d. Ample time available to introduce new information e. Promotes prompt feedback and interchange

e. Promotes prompt feedback and interchange

Rose Marie's boss tells her what to do, not how to do it. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Rose Marie must have high growth-need strength. b. Rose Marie is apparently receiving much feedback from some source. c. The job must allow Rose Marie to use many of her skills. d. Rose Marie must view the job as important to the firm's successes. e. Rose Marie apparently has a high degree of autonomy in her job.

e. Rose Marie apparently has a high degree of autonomy in her job.

At Cornercopia plant nursery, customers place orders and arrange payment and delivery. The order is sent to the delivery department with where and when delivery is expected. What level of interdependence does this example represent? a. Pooled b. Mixed c. Functional d. Hierarchical e. Sequential

e. Sequential

Paul supervises a crew engaged in laying a pipeline from Dallas to Ponca City, Oklahoma. The crew is able to lay about a mile of pipe each day. Supplies of pipe are delivered by truck to various points along the pipeline route. When shipments of pipe are delayed, it results in a work stoppage for Paul's crew. What level of interdependence does this represent? a. Pooled b. Reciprocal c. Functional d. Hierarchical e. Sequential

e. Sequential

Which of the following is NOT a force in the task environment that requires an organization to change? a. Competitors b. Suppliers c. Unions d. Regulators e. Technology

e. Technology

When organizations rely on contingent workers, they need to be careful of all EXCEPT which of the following? a. They manage the flexibility carefully. b. They understand advantages and disadvantages of contingent workers. c. They document the real cost of contingent workers. d. They integrate contingent workers into their overall strategy. e. They pay above-average wage-level.

e. They pay above-average wage-level.

In Rachelle's office, the most effective communication takes place when each subordinate talks only with her because the work done is relatively simple. According to the research on communications networks, what type of network would be most effective in her office? a. Chain b. Y c. Circle d. All-channel e. Wheel

e. Wheel

An African American surgeon on a Chicago hospital staff was admitted to the internship program because of his race, even though he had lower grades and test scores than other applicants. This acceptance, which was mandated by the government, indicates that the hospital used a. adverse impact. b. negative action. c. negative disconfirmation. d. contradictory result. e. affirmative action.

e. affirmative action.

If a manager decided to respond to a grapevine by ____, it would most likely be a waste of his or her time. a. determining who the key people in it are b. trying to get information from it c. testing employee reactions to various bits of untrue gossip d. attempting to control the kind of information in it e. attempting to eliminate it

e. attempting to eliminate it

Some employers have instituted a(n) ____. This allows employees, within limits, to choose a benefit package that best suits their own needs. a. incentive pay system b. performance appraisal system c. all-salary compensation system d. select plan e. cafeteria benefits plan

e. cafeteria benefits plan

Allison and William both started working at the newspaper on the same day. Allison is single. William is married with six children. Allison's benefit package includes extra vacation time and stock options. William takes the minimum vacation time. His benefit package includes dental and medical coverage as well as tuition reimbursements. The newspaper for which Allison and William work obviously offers its employees a(n) a. open pay system. b. performance appraisal system. c. all-salary compensation system. d. control system. e. cafeteria benefits plan.

e. cafeteria benefits plan.

San Antonio employees in a multitude of occupations are fearful of losing their jobs due to the recent spate of corporate merger, acquisition, and consolidation activity in the region. Employees also are concerned that they are not being paid as highly as their counterparts in other cities. They are interested in joining a union to protect themselves. The next step is to a. hire a binding arbitrator to settle grievances. b. hold certification elections. c. hold a decertification election. d. engage in collective bargaining. e. collect employee signatures on authorization cards.

e. collect employee signatures on authorization cards.

The process of sending and receiving information from one person to another is called a. talking. b. encoding. c. decoding. d. networking. e. communication

e. communication

All of the following are bases for departmentalization EXCEPT a. function. b. location. c. product. d. customer. e. competition.

e. competition.

A pastor at a large church shares responsibilities with a student ministries coordinator. This is an example of a. decentralization. b. span of management incrementing. c. unity of command. d. departmentalization. e. delegation.

e. delegation.

The opposite of micromanaging is a. decentralization. b. span of management. c. unity of command. d. departmentalization. e. delegation.

e. delegation.

The program in which student teachers enter the classroom and take over some of the workload from the classroom teacher in order to learn more about what being a teacher entails is similar to the management practice of a. decentralization. b. span of management incrementing. c. unity of command. d. departmentalization. e. delegation.

e. delegation.

Job ____ requires that autonomy be part of the job. a. specialization b. rotation c. delegation d. enlargement e. enrichment

e. enrichment

American food companies invested heavily in low-carb foods. Then questions arose about the health consequences of the high-protein diets. The market for low-carbs foods dropped significantly. In terms of the innovation process, low-carb foods are an example of a. innovation development. b. application launch. c. innovation application. d. innovation maturity. e. innovation decline.

e. innovation decline.

Some companies now have a chief ethics officer. They usually have a legal background and are responsible for whistle-blowing, ethics training, financial statements review, and investigations. This is an example of ____. a. decentralization b. job autonomy c. delegation d. job enrichment e. job specialization

e. job specialization

Lawrence Burch is a tire handler for the Newman racing team. The pit crews in auto racing use a. job enlargement. b. job enrichment. c. job rotation. d. job characteristics approach. e. job specialization.

e. job specialization.

You are reading a document that says that a job applicant must have a valid driver's license, be a citizen of the United States, and be available evenings and weekends. You are reading a a. classified ad. b. job analysis. c. job description. d. recruiting statement. e. job specification.

e. job specification.

When a British student was in class he asked to borrow a rubber from the person next to him. An American student would have asked for the person's eraser. The confusion was caused by a. perception. b. status differences. c. noise. d. poor listening skills. e. language differences.

e. language differences.

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act a. prohibits discrimination against workers 18 to 40 years of age. b. is part of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. c. requires employers to have affirmative action plans. d. allows forced retirement of employees after age 65. e. outlaws discrimination against workers older than 40.

e. outlaws discrimination against workers older than 40.

The two basic approaches to validation are a. internal and external. b. integrated and differentiated. c. controlled and direct. d. centralized and decentralized. e. predictive and content.

e. predictive and content.

When Esposito compiles the company newsletter, he is preparing ____ communication. a. horizontal b. transactional c. informal d. transformational e. vertical

e. vertical

Darin, the human resources manager of a local firm, makes sure that the firm is paying men and women the same if they are doing the same job. The legal constraint that he is abiding by is the a. Equal Pay Act. b. Affirmative Action Act. c. National Labor Relations Act. d. various executive orders issued by the president. e. Female Discrimination Act.

a. Equal Pay Act.

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a characteristic of the grapevine? a. Everyone is always included. b. The grapevine can start anywhere. c. Some people are included in virtually all messages. d. The grapevine flows in all directions. e. The two primary types of grapevines are cluster and gossip.

a. Everyone is always included.

The idea that organization change may have substantial effects extending far beyond the area in which the change actually takes place relates to one of the integrative management theories presented earlier in the text. What is that theory? a. Systems theory b. Contingency theory c. Scientific management theory d. Theory Z e. Theory Y

a. Systems theory

To decrease their administrative intensity, many organizations are a. eliminating staff positions. b. hiring managers who are less intense. c. decreasing the number of middle managers. d. increasing job rotation programs. e. modifying job designs so as to alleviate worker stress.

a. eliminating staff positions.

If you want to engage in successful negotiations, one of the important rules to follow is to have the negotiation meeting held in your offices rather than in the office of the party with whom you are negotiating. This is an example of the use of a. nonverbal communication. b. transactional communication. c. oral communication. d. status differences as a barrier to communication. e. noise.

a. nonverbal communication.

Wachovia announced plans to buy Golden West Financial to improve Wachovia's banking position in the western states. This is an example of a. reactive change. b. planned change. c. organizational development. d. the innovation process in operation. e. the influence of radical innovation.

b. planned change.

Studies of the organization change process found that participation a. reduces the need for communication. b. encourages employees to adopt differing perceptions. c. increases productivity and cooperation. d. increases productivity but has no effect on cooperation. e. leads to higher training costs.

c. increases productivity and cooperation.

Span of management is the a. extent to which authority is delegated at the individual level. b. extent to which authority is systematically delegated to middle and lower levels of management. c. number of subordinates reporting to a particular manager. d. process of grouping jobs according to some logical pattern. e. number of managers assigned to a department.

c. number of subordinates reporting to a particular manager.

Google announced plans to make its search engine more accessible through "widgets" and online notebooks. This is an example of a. organization development. b. organization evolution. c. organization change. d. organization implementation. e. organizational structure.

c. organization change.

Air traffic controllers must focus on every task at hand. They know many people's lives are counting on them. They have a. autonomy. b. feedback. c. task significance. d. skill variety. e. task identity.

c. task significance.

Mentors within an organization can help map out what areas the individual is most interested in and help the person see what opportunities are available within the organization. This is part of ____. a. assessment centers b. performance appraisal synchronization c. job analyses d. career planning e. replacement charts

d. career planning

When a TVA employee found 173 screws lying on the ground underneath a large electrical transformer during his lunch break, he asked some of his coworkers who were with him what they thought he should do. This is an example of ____ communication. a. vertical b. upward c. downward d. horizontal e. formal

d. horizontal

When the marketing director coordinates with the production director they are engaging in ____ communication. a. vertical b. upward c. downward d. horizontal e. transactional

d. horizontal

Guidelines for ____ are generally NOT contained in a labor agreement. a. wages b. grievance procedures c. benefits d. management's salary e. hours

d. management's salary

Yoshi is an attorney for Johnson & Johnson. She has a(n) ____ position. a. line b. integrating c. hierarchical d. staff e. managerial

d. staff

Which of the following is a common disadvantage inherent in product, customer, and location departmentalization? a. Decision making is slowed. b. Managers are unable to delegate as much. c. It is difficult to pinpoint the cause of failures. d. The organization tends to become more centralized. e. Administrative costs tend to rise due to an increase in the size of staff.

e. Administrative costs tend to rise due to an increase in the size of staff.

____ is the systematic retention of power and decision-making authority by top management. a. Decentralization b. Delegation c. Specialization d. Job design e. Centralization

e. Centralization

____ is a method for overcoming resistance to organization change. a. Centralization b. Automation c. Management by exception d. Departmentalization e. Force-field analysis

e. Force-field analysis

According to the text, which of the following behaviors is NOT a type of interpersonal interaction occurring in organizations? a. Professional b. Personal c. Positive d. Predictive e. Negative

d. Predictive

____ created an insurance program to provide income for workers while they recover from on-the-job injuries. a. The Employee Income Security Act b. The Fair Labor Standards Act c. The Equal Pay Act d. Workers' compensation e. The Occupational Safety and Health Act

d. Workers' compensation

Maytag is not a company known for its secrecy, but when it began developing what it considered to be a revolutionary high-efficiency washing machine, it needed to make sure that no word of its innovation got to its competitors before the product was introduced. Employees were asked to plan how the company could maintain this needed secrecy. Once plans were created, employees were involved in their implementation. This change in organization culture was made acceptable to its employees through the use of a. force-field analysis. b. facilitation. c. education and communication. d. participation. e. institutionalizing the change.

d. participation.

Advantages of contingent workers include all EXCEPT a. flexibility. b. wage reduction. c. benefit reduction. d. performance improvement. e. reduced need for career planning.

d. performance improvement.

Organizing a. is the second basic managerial function; it follows planning and decision making. b. involves shaping the organization over time and is never truly finished. c. involves grouping activities and resources. d. can help the organization be flexible. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is a type of organizational communication? a. Downward communication b. Upward communication c. Horizontal communication d. Electronic communication e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Those activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce are called a. recruiting. b. selection. c. employee relations. d. labor relations. e. human resource management.

e. human resource management.

Walgreens plans to install call buttons near heavy items in their stores. This is an example of a(n) ____ innovation. a. mechanical b. managerial c. incremental d. product e. process

e. process

Which of the following is the MOST commonly used basis for departmentalization, especially among small businesses? a. Location b. Function c. Product d. Customer e. Sequence

b. Function

Decentralization is NOT usually pursued a. in a complex environment. b. when the home office wants to maintain control. c. when decisions that must be made on a daily basis are relatively minor. d. when lower-level managers are talented leaders. e. in an uncertain environment.

b. when the home office wants to maintain control.

Meaning, encoding, transmission, and decoding are the elements of a. networking. b. MIS. c. communication. d. panel discussions. e. negotiation.

c. communication.

During the Lewin model's second step in the change process a. people resist change because of self-interests. b. managers select a change technique. c. the change is implemented. d. those who adapt well to the change are rewarded. e. the organization automates obsolete work practices.

c. the change is implemented.

John Hansen was promoted from vice president to president. One of his subordinates was promoted to vice president. These promotions resulted in a. a drop in morale. b. an increase in turnover. c. the ripple effect. d. complaints from the union. e. the loss of highly qualified employees.

c. the ripple effect.

Which of the following would be likely to include all forms of organizational communication? a. Peers coordinating the details of a project b. A suggestion box c. A memo from the president of the company d. A daily staff meeting e. An absenteeism report submitted by the clerk who keeps employee records

d. A daily staff meeting

Harriet has a drinking problem. After a drinking-related incident at work, she sought treatment. Courts are increasingly ruling that her condition is covered under the a. Equal Pay Act. b. Civil Rights Act. c. National Labor Relations Act. d. Americans with Disabilities Act. e. Female Discrimination Act.

d. Americans with Disabilities Act.

Which of the following forms of organizational communication is very useful for coordinating the efforts of interdependent units in an organization? a. Vertical b. Upward c. Downward d. Horizontal e. Informal

d. Horizontal

Dahlia is chief legal counsel for Saks Fifth Avenue. Her position is considered a(n) ____ position. a. line b. integrating c. hierarchical d. staff e. managerial

d. staff

The members of the various boards of a church annually hold a retreat at which they discuss actual or potential problems as well as various issues of concern to the members. This is an example of an organization development intervention technique known as a. diagnostic activities. b. intergroup activities. c. third-party peacemaking. d. team building. e. process consultation.

d. team building.

During the term of a labor contract, disputes are resolved by a. the union, which goes on strike. b. the union members, who vote on the issues. c. the National Labor Relations Board. d. the grievance procedure. e. management.

d. the grievance procedure.

Hyde Park High School is conducting ____ training when it has teachers practice entering homework data into a new software program. a. simulation b. behavior c. lecture d. vestibule e. programmed

d. vestibule

Which of the following is NOT a type of intervention or activity commonly used in organization development? a. Third-party peacemaking b. Coaching and counseling c. Process consultation d. Technostructural activities e. External recruitment

e. External recruitment

As Americans get older, more stores are ensuring parking spaces are bigger, closer, and plentiful. What kind of changes are they making? a. Mechanical b. Managerial c. Radical d. Technical e. Process.

a. Mechanical

Unions appeal to many workers because they feel that if a change is coming the union will represent them and be involved in the change process. This is an example of a. participation. b. communication. c. repetition. d. education. e. facilitation.

a. participation.

What approach to formal information systems is an organization taking when it appoints an individual to become familiar with and to provide for the information needs of the organization's various units? a. Operational b. Elemental c. Managerial d. Supervisory e. Investigative

a. Operational

____ can be used to balance with specialization. a. Job rotation b. Job enlargement c. Work team creation d. Job enrichment e. All of these choices

a. Job rotation

____ is the systematic distribution of power and authority to middle and lower-level managers throughout the organization. a. Decentralization b. Delegation c. Specialization d. Job design e. Centralization

a. Decentralization

____ results from maximum delegation throughout the organization. a. Decentralization b. Horizontal work loading c. Specialization d. Job design e. Vertical work loading

a. Decentralization

AIG went through a crisis and the federal government stepped in to keep it from failing. With the government intervention came new scrutiny of the actions and pay of top executives. The executives earned negative headlines repeatedly because they did not change their behavior. Politicians, tax payers and news media called for change. This is an example of an organization change attempt focused on influencing a. people. b. technology. c. operations. d. culture. e. social responsibility.

a. people.

GM has a division for GMC trucks and one for Buicks, Oldsmobiles, and Cadillacs. This is an example of ____ departmentalization. a. product b. location c. divisional d. sequential e. customer

a. product

Which of the following information is included in a job description? a. Qualifications required of the job incumbent b. Conditions under which the work is done c. Lists of skills d. Lists of abilities e. Required credentials

b. Conditions under which the work is done

Which barrier to communication exists when two people attach different meanings to the same word? a. Jargon b. Semantics c. Synergetics d. Overload e. Dialogue

b. Semantics

Product departmentalization has the disadvantages that ____ and administrative cost is increased. a. decision making is slowed b. performance of individual product lines is hard to assess c. managers often fail to focus on what is good for the organization as a whole d. experts are concentrated in one area e. the organization must have skilled specialists to deal with each client group

c. managers often fail to focus on what is good for the organization as a whole

Effective communication is determined by a. the sender. b. the receiver. c. mutual understanding. d. how the decoding process occurs. e. how the encoding process occurs.

c. mutual understanding

Which of the following statements is NOT a fundamental assumption of organization development? a. Employees have strong social needs. b. Management-employee cooperation/collaboration is needed. c. Organization design affects individual and group behavior. d. Employees normally take an adversarial stance with respect to the organization. e. Employees have strong growth needs.

d. Employees normally take an adversarial stance with respect to the organization.

____ departmentalization has the advantage of reducing the number of skills a manager must possess. a. Location b. Customer c. Sequential d. Functional e. Product

d. Functional

____ communication is more likely to occur among managers than among nonmanagers. a. Vertical b. Upward c. Downward d. Horizontal e. Transactional

d. Horizontal

Which of the following refers to the number of subordinates who report directly to a given manager? a. Responsibility b. Departmentalization c. Delegation d. Span of management e. Authority

d. Span of management

The primary reason for delegation is to a. increase subordinate motivation. b. make performance appraisals easier to evaluate. c. incorporate the unity of command principle. d. enable managers to get more work done. e. increase the span of management.

d. enable managers to get more work done.

Steve sells traffic signs and tape to municipalities. In his region he has a few affluent communities that order the best items. Carla has even more communities in her region that are affluent, and she sells even more items. If their supervisor does not use some adjustment factor to account for the differences in regions when evaluating the performance of the two workers, the evaluations will exhibit a. adverse impact. b. halo effect. c. recency effect. d. opportunity bias. e. global bias.

d. opportunity bias.

A(n) ____ is usually a middle manager who learns about a new product or service idea and becomes committed to it. This manager helps the inventor overcome resistance to change and convinces others to take the innovation seriously. a. sponsor b. venture capitalist c. informational leader d. product champion e. transformational leader

d. product champion

Interpersonal communication a. can be written. b. can be oral. c. is affected by noise. d. occurs between people. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Performance appraisals are a formal assessment of employees that should be conducted regularly because they a. validate selection methods. b. establish a basis for rewards. c. provide feedback to help employees improve performance. d. help determine training and development needs. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

The advantages of a flat organization include a. greater communication between upper and lower levels of management. b. lower total managerial costs. c. flexibility. d. improved employee productivity. e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Which of the following is an example of body language? a. The speed at which we speak b. Eye contact c. Our style of dress d. Hand gestures e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

When you call Comcast, the message says, "Your phone call may be recorded for training purposes." Comcast uses recordings to improve interpersonal contact training. Comcast is most likely using a. a judgmental method of performance appraisal. b. an objective measure of performance appraisal. c. a ranking system of performance appraisal. d. management by objectives. e. role-playing and case discussion groups.

e. role-playing and case discussion groups.

Perhaps the most important consideration in developing a training plan is to a. select who will be trained. b. select the method of training to be used. c. determine the training budget. d. hire the trainer. e. select the content.

e. select the content.

The phrase "A mothers work is never done," identifies the lack of ____ mothers have. a. autonomy b. feedback c. task significance d. skill variety e. task identity

e. task identity