TEPM Midterm Review

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When project managers impose a solution to dysfunctional conflict after listening to each party, they are __________ the conflict. Controlling Encouraging Arbitrating Mediating Eliminating

Arbitrating

Learning curves are more likely to be applied in situations where most of the costs are A. Materials. B. Labor. C. Overhead. D. Evenly spread over materials, labor, and overhead. E. Labor and materials.

During which stage of team development is high performance not a top priority and attention is devoted to wrapping up the project? Forming Performing Norming Storming Adjourning

Adjourning

Project Managers are Not timid All of these Able to multitask A direct link to the customer Ultimately responsible for performance

All of these

High performing teams can provide exceptional services. All of these alternatives are correct complete projects ahead of schedule and under budget. create breakthrough products. exceed customer expectations

All of these alternatives are correct.

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior? Managerial forces Team emphasis Member identity Control Unit integration

Control

Benefits of Reference Class Forecasting include A. leads to improved accountability. B. provides a basis for contingency funds. C. helps to avoid unsound optimism. D. acts as a reality check. E. all of the above

Project costs such as labor and materials are typically classified as ___________ costs. A. general and administrative overhead B. fixed C. direct project overhead D. interaction E. direct

No radical alteration in the design or operation of the parent organization is a major advantage of __________ organization. Dedicated project team Projectized Strong matrix Functional Weak matrix

Functional

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than with their type of job or field of professional expertise? Member identity Correct Team emphasis Managerial focus Unit integration Control

Member identity

A high school basketball coach has noticed that some close relationships have formed as well as feelings of camaraderie and shared responsibilities for the team's success. Which stage of development is the team in? Storming Norming Performing Adjoining Forming

Norming

During which stage of team development do close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness? Performing Storming Adjourning Norming Forming

Norming

In which stage of the project life cycle is the project's schedule and budget determined? Defining Closing Planning Executing Identifying

Planning

During the delivery phase of a project's life cycle, the most significant source of conflict is Procedure Schedules Priorities Technical Costs

Schedules

Project managers and team members have to recognize the _________________ they are operating under in order to do the best that they can. Scenario Situational constraints Situation Circumstances Circumstantial constraints

Situational constraints

Which dimension of project management centers on creating a temporary social system within a larger organizational environment that combines the talents of a divergent set of professionals working to complete the project? Sociocultural Technical Social Communication Scheduling

Sociocultural

A high-ranking manager who advocates the project and uses her or his influence to gain approval of the project is a project Advocate Godfather Sponsor Promoter Champion

Sponsor

During the ________ stage of group development, there is conflict over who will control the group and how decisions will be made. Norming Forming Adjourning Storming Performing

Storming

During which stage of team development do members accept that they are part of a project group but resist the constraints that the project and the group put on their individuality Norming Performing Forming Adjourning Storming

Storming

Teams that are able to use identified individual talents to meet a projects' given needs is a common characteristic of Budgeting Resource allocation Storming Synergy Scheduling

Synergy

A general guideline for running effective meetings includes starting the meeting on time regardless of whether everyone is present. T F

Growing pains can arise from implementing a matrix organization due to Types of projects an organization is attempting to accomplish Conflicts and tensions that arise The long lead time of implementation Influence from other organization Cost and supply chain factors

The long lead time of implementation

There are two important factors that affect the recruitment of project members. Which of the following is one of those factors? Organizational culture The level of innovation and technical expertise needed The size of the project The budget available The management structure being used to complete the project

The management structure being used to complete the project

A matrix in which the balance of authority is strongly on the side of the functional manager is described as _________. Unified Weak Projectized Strong Balanced

Weak

The ________ matrix form of project organization is likely to improve technical quality as well as provide a better system for managing conflict across projects because the functional manager assigns personnel to different projects Weak Balanced Projectized Unified Strong

Weak

Janet is forecasting how much money her department needs to support a new project. She estimates that two people and $25,000 in expenses will cover her needs. Because management typically insists on reducing forecasts by 20 percent, she increases her estimates to allow for that reduction. Which of the following factors is illustrated in this situation? A. Padding estimates B. Planning horizon C. Project structure D. People E. Organization culture

To help establish loyalty among team members, you should become an effective __________ for the project you are on. adversary advocate consultant stakeholder communicator

advocate

When the project scope and/or technology are not fully known or stable, the best choice of method for such projects is traditional project management. budget-driven project management. plan-driven project management. agile-driven project management. schedule-driven project management.

agile-driven project management.

Which of the following methods is NOT considered a top-down approach to estimating project time and cost? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve

Which of the following is a good condition for bottom-up estimating? A. When the project involves strategic decision making B. When the project is internal and small C. When there is a fixed price contract D. When there is high uncertainty involved in the project E. When there is an unstable scope

Drawing on the expertise of team members who will be responsible helps to build ___________ channels early.

communication

The first step in facilitating group decision making is to agree that there is a problem. identify the problem. Correct quantify the problem. call a meeting to discuss the problem. generate alternatives.

identify the problem.

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, being involved in a task that has a large significance and having a chance to do something important and do it well are examples of ______-related currencies relationship inspiration personal position Task

inspiration

High levels of stress and dysfunctional conflict are disadvantages of a(n) _________ organization. unified dedicated project team matrix projectized functional

matrix

When a project manager intervenes and tries to negotiate a resolution by using reasoning and persuasion and suggesting alternatives, he or she is _____________ the conflict Accepting aribitrating mediating controlling eliminating

mediating

The use of meetings outside of accepted work hours to get a project back on schedule is an example of ______ reinforcement to motivate project performance. positive substantial creative neutral negative

negative

Because projects have a defined beginning and end, the ________ is frequently used to manage the transitions of a project from start to completion. product life cycle completion life cycle transition life cycle project life cycle development life cycle

project life cycle

Agile PM is appropriate when _______. the processes to be used are well known projects of this type have been done many times before the technology to be used is well known project scope is unknown or unstable the project scope is well known

project scope is unknown or unstable

The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which rewards such as promotion and salary increases are allocated according to employee performance rather than seniority, favoritism, or other nonperformance factors is known as _____________. reward criteria management focus unit integration member identity team emphasis

reward criteria

Research indicates that high-performance project teams are much more likely to develop under certain conditions. One of these conditions is that members report solely to __________. the team leader the chief operating officer the project leader their line manager the project manager

the project manager

While some conflict can be beneficial, the absence of conflict can mask _________________ project mistakes. All of these alternatives are correct. useful information what appears to be unification. lowered customer expectations

useful information

Which of the following conditions is not conducive to the creation of high-performance teams? Members are part of an organization culture that fosters cooperation and trust. Members serve on the project from beginning to end. Members are assigned to serve on the project team. There are 10 or fewer members per team. Members report solely to the project manager.

Members serve on the project from beginning to end.

Which of the following is commonly associated with high performing project teams? A degree of competition among team members is encouraged Risk taking is controlled and not allowed to jeopardize the overall project Team members are selected with similar talents to enhance cohesion Mistakes are viewed as opportunities for leaning Roles and specific responsibilities are well-defined

Mistakes are viewed as opportunities for leaning

One difference between project management and project leadership is that project management includes Motivating people to meet new objectives Aligning people to meet new directions Monitoring results against plans Deviating from the plan Recognizing the need to alter direction

Monitoring results against plans

For companies of moderate-to-large size, it is not unusual to have hundreds of small projects ongoing concurrently. The advent of many small projects has created the need for an organization that can support __________ management. Concurrent Product Program Multi-project Portfolio

Multi-project

Symptoms of groupthink include Encouraged functional conflict Positive synergy Optimized critical thinking Negative stereotypes of outsides Failed project

Negative stereotypes of outsides

________ occurs when the whole is less than the sum of its parts. Inverted interaction Creative collusion Designers' drawbacks Project perversion Negative synergy

Negative synergy

Research consistently points out that project success is strongly affected by the degree to which a project has the support of top management. The following are ways a project manager can manage upward relationships EXCEPT Prove loyalty Consistently follow through on requests Never ignore the chains of command Pick the optimum time to appeal to top management Accept profound differences in perspective and become skilled at the art of persuading superiors

Never ignore the chains of command

One of the defining characteristics of a project is that it has a singular purpose, i.e., an established ________. Goal Purpose Objective Mission Vision

Objective

It is common to use the functional organizational model when Project priority is high and an early, fast finish is required A technical organizational model will not work There is direct influence from outside organization One functional area plays a dominant role in the project The project manager has functional authority over any of the department heads

One functional area plays a dominant role in the projec

The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment is known as ___________. Open-system focus Conflict tolerance Team emphasis Unit integration Reward criteria

Open-system focus

An indicator of project success within an organization is the strength of the ______ to support the project management structure. Firm Project Manager Organization Culture Top Management Program

Organization Culture

The personality of an organization is a simple explanation of ___________. Organizational structure Organizational governance Organizational identity Organizational culture All of these

Organizational culture

Which of the following is NOT a reason why project management has become a standard way of doing business? Organizations are doing more project work in-house instead of outsourcing Organizations are executing more and more projects Increased need for skilled management of stakeholders outside of organization Increased product complexity and innovation Projects need to be done faster

Organizations are doing more project work in-house instead of outsourcing

Which of the following is NOT typical of a project manager? Managing a temporary activity Managing a non repetitive activity Overseeing existing operations Work with a group of outsiders, including vendors and suppliers Responsible for time, cost and performance trade-offs

Overseeing existing operations

Which of the following choices is a professional organization for project managers? IPM PMBOK AMA PMI MIS

PMI

Project managers are expected to ensure that appropriate trade-offs are made between the time, cost, and __________ requirements of the project. Specifications Quality Scope Performance Functional

Performance

During which stage of team development is the team fully functional and accomplishing project goals? Forming Performing Norming Storming Adjourning

Performing

________-related currencies enhance a colleague's sense of worth by sharing tasks that increase skills and abilities, delegating authority over work so that others experience ownership, and allowing individuals to feel comfortable stretching their abilities. Inspiration Personal Relationship Task Position

Personal

Which of the following would be defined as the ability to lead and manage yourself by establishing a sense for who you are, what you stand for and how you should behave? Empathetic Emotional intelligence Personal integrity Proactive Optimism

Personal integrity

Organizational culture has a connection to projects. It (organizational culture) is best explained as organizational _____ Background Management style Reporting relationships Hierarchy Personality

Personality

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, giving a task that could result in a promotion, acknowledging someone's effort and accomplishments, and providing opportunities for linking with others are examples of ______-related currencies. Relationship Personal Inspiration Task Position

Position

_________-related currencies stem from the project manager's ability to enhance others' positions within the organization. Position Personal Task Relationship Inspiration

Position

Which is NOT one of the aspects of leading by example? Priorities Ethics Urgency Power Cooperation

Power

Traditional project management focuses on thorough planning up front. Such planning requires ____ A planning budget A planning schedule Predictability Thoroughness All of these are correct

Predictability

Project management is not limited to the __________ sector. Private Global Business and government Universal International

Private

Which of these is NOT part of the "technical dimension" of project management? Problem solving Schedules Status reports WBS Budgets

Problem solving

Which of the choices listed below is NOT considered a project? Developing a new software program Production of automobile tires Designing a space station Developing a new advertising program Preparing the site for the Olympic Games

Production of automobile tires

From the list below, which is NOT a primary characteristic of organizational culture? Control Risk tolerance Profitability Team emphasis Conflict tolerance

Profitability

A(n) _________ is a series of coordinated, related multiple projects that continue over an extended time intended to achieve a goal. Program Portfolio Product family Folder Process

Program

This first chapter introduced some of the most rudimentary aspects of the discipline, including definitions. A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result is a(n) _________. Activity Task All of these Project Undertaking

Project

A professional organization for project managers is the ___________. Project Management Institute PMI The Union of Project Professionals Organization for Project Managers and Professionals Institute for Project Managers Society for Project Professionals and Project Managers

Project Management Institute PMI

Life cycles are used to characterize how things change over time. The _____________ typically passes sequentially through four stages. Completion life cycle Development life cycle Product life cycle Transition life cycle Project life cycle

Project life cycle

Which of the following statements is true? Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational strategies. Project management is a specialty that few organizations have access to. Project management is being used at a consistent percentage of a firm's efforts. Project management is far from a standard way of doing business. All of these statements are false

Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational strategies.

________ naturally compete with each other for resources and support from top management. Project managers Administrative support groups Government agencies Outside organizations. Project sponsor

Project managers

________ naturally compete with each other for resources and support from top management. Project sponsors Project managers Outside organizations Administrative support groups Government agencies

Project managers

________ champion the project and use their influence to gain approval of the project Project sponsors Project managers Vendor/suppliers Functional managers Project team members

Project sponsors

The closest relationships in a project network of relationships are between the project manager and Top management Project sponsors Customers Project team members Other project managers

Project team members

A high level of motivation and the tendency for projects to get done more quickly are benefits of using the ________ organizational approach to project management. Functional Projectized Dedicated project team Weak matrix Strong matrix

Projectized

A project team that operates with a full-time project manager as a separate unit from the rest of the organization is structured using ________ organization. Weak Matrix Projectized Functional Balanced Matrix Strong Matrix

Projectized

A key to being able to effectively persuade superiors is Proving loyalty Establishing project ownership Being visible to top management Constantly meeting deadlines Being a self-starter

Proving loyalty

To provide greater clarity to business ethics, many companies and professional groups Post consequences to unethical behavior establish a reward system for those who display ethical behavior. conduct annual training seminars on business ethics encourage managers to rely on their own personal sense of right and wrong Publish a code of conduct

Publish a code of conduct

Networks are mutually beneficial alliances that are generally governed by the law of Brooks' law Supply-demand Reciprocity A squeaky wheel risk-reward

Reciprocity

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, providing friendship, giving emotional backing, and listening to others' concerns and issues are examples of _______-related currencies. Relationship Inspiration Personal Task Position

Relationship

_________-related currencies have more to do with strengthening the relationship with someone than directly accomplishing the project tasks. Position Task Relationship Personal Inspiration

Relationship

Experienced project managers recognize the need to build __________ before they need them. Credits Currencies Wealth Relationships Experience

Relationships

Project management is ideally suited for a business environment requiring all of the following EXCEPT Speed Accountability Repeatability Innovation Flexibility

Repeatability

A project does not include Developing a new process Repetitive, same or similar work A specific objective Creating a new product or service Unique elements

Repetitive, same or similar work

Project managers play a key role in developing high-performance project teams. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to this role? Recruit team members Report progress to top management Manage a reward system Manage conflict Conduct project meetings

Report progress to top management

Which of these is NOT part of the "sociocultural dimension" of project management? Resource allocation Negotiation Leadership Dealing with politics Managing customer expectations

Resource allocation

The first step to social network building is identifying those _______ on whom the project depends for success. Managers Relationships Stakeholders Customers Users

Stakeholders

When project managers recognize that if they want participants to exceed project expectations then they have to exceed others' expectations of a good project manager, they are leading by example through which of the following aspects? Urgency Problem solving Priorities Standards of performance Ethics

Standards of performance

A product innovation manager for a manufacturing company has recently noticed some disturbing behavior among team members. Recently the team has exhibited a high degree of conflict over who will control the group and how decisions will be made. Which stage of development is the team in? Performing Forming Storming Norming Adjourning

Storming

Which of the below is not considered a strength for a matrix organization? Streamlined project selection. Better resource sharing and utilization. Easier post-project transition. Strong project focus. Flexibility

Streamlined project selection.

The ________ matrix form of project organization is likely to enhance project integration, diminish internal power struggles, and ultimately improve control of project activities and costs. Balanced Projectized Unified Strong Weak

Strong

The more autonomy and authority the project manager and project team need to be successful, the more appropriate a dedicated project team or a(n) ________ matrix structure is to manage the project Strong Weak Balanced Projectized Dedicated

Strong

Research indicates that high-performance teams are much more likely to develop when the manager hand-selects team members T F

__________-related currencies come directly from the project manager's ability to contribute to others' accomplishing their work. Relationship Inspiration Personal Task Position

Task

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which work activities are organized around groups rather than individuals? Unit integration Control Team emphasis Managerial focus Member identity

Team emphasis

Project managers employ lots of useful tools, many supported by software. WBS, schedules, and budgets are tools taken from the _________ dimension of the project management process Planning Technical Soft skills Sociocultural Tools

Technical

The two dimensions within project management processes are Established and new Technical and sociocultural Planned and unexpected Unique and reoccurring Cost and time

Technical and sociocultural

Projects with high predictability are said to have ____ Unknown or unstable requirements Unknown or unstable scope Iterative and incremental delivery The best circumstances for use of traditional project management The best circumstances for use of agile project management

The best circumstances for use of traditional project management

Which metaphor best captures the role of a project manager? The point guard on a basketball team A scout on an exploration The conductor of an orchestra A mathematics instructor A programmer on a software development team

The conductor of an orchestra

Who is responsible for determining how tasks will be done in a weak matrix project management structure? There is no rule established for who takes responsibility Both the functional manager and the project manager are responsible This is negotiated The project manager The functional manager

The functional manager

The first project meeting is critical to the early functioning of the project team. Which of the following is NOT true regarding this meeting? The meeting will need to be as long as necessary to cover the main objectives of first meeting Interpersonal interaction concerns should be addressed. An overview of the project's scope and objectives should be addressed. The project manager must model how the team will work together. The meeting should be productive, well-organized and realistic.

The meeting will need to be as long as necessary to cover the main objectives of first meeting

When recruiting project team members, which of the following factors is NOT something a project manager might consider? Their problem-solving Their ambition, initiative, and energy Their skillset as it compares to the project manager The political connections the potential team member may have Their availability

Their skillset as it compares to the project manager

The key to exercising influence is To build a network of top-level people To understand the political connections within the organization To make friends with everyone To build trust To make few mistakes

To build trust

Research consistently points out that project success is strongly affected by the degree to which a project has the support of ______. Government agencies IT manager Top management Functional managers Vendor/Suppliers

Top management

The goal of the resource pool PMO is to provide the organization with a cadre of ______. Tools Resources Templates Resources, tools and templates Trained project managers and professionals

Trained project managers and professionals

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which groups within the organization are encouraged to operate in a coordinated or independent manner? Member identity Managerial focus Control Team emphasis Unit integration

Unit integration

An image a project team holds in common about how the project will look upon completion, how they will work together, and/or how customers will accept the project is known as a __________. It is a less tangible aspect of project performance. Identity Ritual Vision Discipline Characteristic

Vision

Experienced project managers understand the value of having team members ________ the project as opposed to appointing team members. Invited to Suggested by superiors for Asked to join Coerced into Volunteer for

Volunteer for

A matrix in which the balance of authority is strongly on the side of the functional manager is described as _________. Projectized Strong Unified Weak Balanced

Weak

Which are the three different matrix systems discussed in the text? Balanced, Functional, Projectized Weak, Strong, Balanced Neutral, Weak, Strong Functional, Weak, Strong Functional, Neutral, Projectized

Weak, Strong, Balanced

Which of the following PMO types would address questions like 'How are our projects progressing? Which ones are on track? Which ones are not? How are we doing in terms of cost? Which projects are over budget?' Resource pool 911 center Control tower Command center Weather station

Weather station

The project manager must quickly establish operational ground rules for how the team will work together. These include planning, tracking, managing change, and relationship decisions. Which of the following is an example of a planning decision? What departments will the team need to interact with during the project? Who will generate and distribute reports? What are the specific roles and responsibilities of all the participants? How will changes be documented and evaluated? How will progress be assessed?

What are the specific roles and responsibilities of all the participants?

Researchers have found that high-performance teams have norms for team interaction. Which of the following is NOT one of those norms? No information is shared outside the team unless all agree to it It it acceptable to be in trouble, but not to surprise others There is no tolerance for building a way through a problem or issue Hard work does not get in the way of having fun When a decision has to be made, everyone should agree before moving forward

When a decision has to be made, everyone should agree before moving forward

Which of the following would be an appropriate situation to require facilitating group decision making? A mechanical engineer is stuck trying to meet performance criteria for a prototype. Expectations are unclear regarding a specific task. When strong group commitment is needed to decide methods to reduce project scope Dysfunctional conflict between two project team members needs to be resolved Materials needed to finish a custom kitchen have not been determined.

When strong group commitment is needed to decide methods to reduce project scope

Which of the following would be an appropriate situation to require facilitating group decision making? Dysfunctional conflict between two project team members needs to be resolved. Expectations are unclear regarding a specific task. Materials needed to finish a custom kitchen have not been determined. When strong group commitment is needed to decide methods to reduce project scope. A mechanical engineer is stuck trying to meet performance criteria for a prototype

When strong group commitment is needed to decide methods to reduce project scope.

Which of the following activities is the best example of a project? Producing automobiles Overseeing customer requests Writing a policy manual Monitoring product quality Processing insurance claims

Writing a policy manual

A good starting point for developing time and cost estimates is A. Past experience. B. Work packages. C. Task analysis. D. Time and motion studies. E. Work breakdown structure.

In practice, estimating processes are frequently classified as A. Top down/bottom up. B. Rough/polished. C. Precise/order of magnitude. D. Draft/final. E. Broad/Specific.

Jose is forecasting project time and cost for constructing a new building by multiplying the total square footage by a given dollar amount. Which of the following methods is he using? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve

Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, people working on prototype development needing time to interact with the design engineers after the design is completed is a good example of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. The customer not being clear about their expectations.

Which of the following does NOT help describe a bottom-up estimating approach? A. They are made by someone who uses experience and/or information from someone else to determine overall project cost and duration B. They establish low-cost, efficient methods for completing activities C. They typically comes from the people actually doing the work and who are most knowledgeable about the task at hand D. Estimates are made at the work package level and then "rolled up" to determine estimates for major deliverables and for the project itself E. They can take place after the project has been planned in detail

Which of the following top-down methods is used when projects closely follow past projects in regard to features and costs of those features, and result in costs being assigned by percentages to major segments of the project? A. Apportion B. Function point C. Phase estimating D. Learning curve E. Consensus

The outer ring in the network of relationships for project managers includes all of the following EXCEPT other organizations. government agencies. vendors/suppliers. administrative support. Correct Customers.

administrative support.

All of the following have been found to be good for running effective project meetings EXCEPT allow a time period for socializing to support the development of a team identity prepare and distribute an agenda prior to the meeting thoroughly document all decision start meeting on time regardless of whether everyone is present identify an adjournment time

allow a time period for socializing to support the development of a team identity

Once you have established who the key players are that will determine success, then you initiate contact and begin to build a relationship with those players. Less effective managers talk with key stakeholders in an attempt to keep abreast of developments and anticipate potential problems. are able to stay in touch with what is really going on through face-to-face interactions. spend the majority of their time outside their office. announce an open door policy and encourage others to see them when a problem or issue comes up. initiate contact to provide encouragement and to reinforce the objectives and vision of the project

announce an open door policy and encourage others to see them when a problem or issue comes up

Ed is looking over the actual results of projects and comparing them to what was estimated. He notices that the projects that took six months or longer to complete were noticeably more off the estimates. Which of the following factors is he recognizing? A. Padding estimates B. Project duration C. Project structure D. People E. Organization culture

Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, design flaws being revealed after the fact, extreme weather conditions, and accidents occurring are good examples of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. None of these are correct.

Richard is collecting estimates for a house that he will have the funding to build in 12 months. Which of the following factors does Richard need to consider in regard to the quality of these estimates? A. Padding estimates B. Planning horizon C. Project structure D. People E. Project duration

The bottom-up approach for estimating times and costs that uses costs from past projects that were similar to the current project is known as A. Detailed WBS work package estimates. B. Template method. C. Function point method. D. Time-phased cost estimates. E. Phase estimating.

What is the relationship between organizational culture and estimating? A. There is no relationship B. Cultural norms affect the accuracy of estimates C. Culture determines whether estimates are made D. Estimating alters cultural norms E. Estimating and culture are independent

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to the level of detail estimates should contain? A. It will vary with the complexity of the project B. Detailed estimates are crucial to project success; therefore, an effort should be made to make estimates as detailed as possible for all projects C. The more detailed the estimate is the more the estimate will cost to create D. Inadequate detail might lead to estimates that fall short of their intended purpose E. Excessive detail means unproductive paperwork and unnecessary expenditures

In all cases of looking for an ideal project culture, there is always the need for a very strong project management office. considerable support from all levels of management. more funding. balance among multiple project dimensions. a project sponsor

balance among multiple project dimensions.

The one thing that can help establish your right to lead the project more than anything else is being visible to top management being an active advocate for your project ability to balance the project budget having the proper skillset for project management having proper credentials

being an active advocate for your project

Project Management is a style that places a premium on ________ building relationships and including a diverse set of talent. building relationships. extensive testing only. maintenance operations. including a diverse set of talent

building relationships and including a diverse set of talent.

Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, resource shortages, in the form of people, equipment, or materials, can extend original estimates. This is a good example of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. The customer not being clear about their expectations.

The process of forecasting or approximating the time and cost of completing project deliverables is called A. Budgeting. B. Predicting. C. Estimating. D. Planning. E. Guesstimating.

The salary of the project manager would be an example of what type of cost found in a project? A. Labor B. Direct C. Direct project overhead D. General and administrative overhead E. Salary

Which of the following describes the consensus method? A. Should be used only for projects that require the same task, group of tasks, or product to be repeated several times B. Uses several people with relevant experience regarding the task at hand to make time and cost estimates C. Uses pooled experience of senior and/or middle managers to estimate the total project duration and cost D. Uses the number of square feet to estimate the total cost and time of the project E. Uses weighted macro variables or major parameters such as the number of inputs or outputs to estimate the total cost and time of the project

Which of the following is NOT one of the bottom-up approaches to estimating project time and cost? A. Parametric procedures applied to specific tasks B. Estimates for the WBS work packages C. Learning curve D. Template method E. Range estimates

A project life cycle will only ever consist of four phases. must be dogmatically followed. can vary based on the industry will always have a phase called 'visioning' reduces the amount of planning necessary

can vary based on the industry

Conflict tolerance, risk tolerance, reward criteria and unit integration are all examples of cultural __________. characteristics attributes dimensions fundamentals considerations

characteristics

Project success or failure often is reliant upon the contributions of all the following groups of stakeholders EXCEPT contractors. Customers. competitors. suppliers. top management

competitors

Project estimating is a ________ process.

complex

The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openly is known as ___________. reward criteria unit integration open-systems focus team emphasis conflict tolerance

conflict tolerance

When a project manager attempts to reduce the intensity of the conflict by smoothing over differences or interjecting humor, he or she is ___________ the conflict. eliminating accepting mediating Arbitrating controlling

controlling

Accounting would be an example of which of the following costs typically found in a project? A. Labor B. Direct C. Direct project overhead D. General and administrative overhead E. Salary

Companies are using which of the following for improving the estimating process for future projects? A. Adjusting estimates based on individual forecasting abilities B. Benchmarking and using the experience of other companies C. Using time and motion studies D. Creating historical databases of previous projects E. Establishing an estimating training course for all employees

Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, a manager getting further into a project and obtaining a better understanding of what needs to be done to accomplish a project and meet the needs of the customer is an example of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. There is never a good reason to refine estimates.

Rob is responsible for estimating a work package that has a significant amount of uncertainty associated with the time and cost to complete. Due to the uncertainty involved he will be making a low, an average and a high estimate. Rob is using which estimating approach? A. Parametric procedures applied to specific tasks B. Template method C. Apportion method D. Range estimating E. Learning curve

Sean is forecasting the time and cost of developing a customized software program by looking at the number of inputs, outputs, inquiries, files, and interfaces. Which of the following methods is he using? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that need to be considered to improve quality of estimates for project times and costs? A. Planning horizon B. People C. Padding estimates D. Profit E. Project structure

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended guidelines for developing useful work package estimates? A. Estimates should be made by those responsible for the work B. Use several people to estimate the same work C. Estimates should be based on normal conditions D. Estimates should include a normal level of contingency E. Estimates should be independent of other projects

Which of the following is a good condition for top-down estimating? A. Cost and time important B. Fixed price contract C. Customer wants details D. Internal, small project E. Large scale project involving several subcontractors

Which of the following would be the best method for projects where the final product is not known and the uncertainty is very large? A. Function point B. Template C. Learning curve D. Phase estimating E. Apportion

A project life cycle is characterized as made up of stages. The initial stage in the project life cycle is the __________ stage. closing conceptual planning defining executing

defining

The establishment of project goals, specifications, and responsibilities usually occurs in the ________ stage of project life cycle. executing conceptual closing defining planning

defining

Laura is forecasting the time and cost of developing an intranet for a new customer. Her department has completed six such intranets for customers during the last two years. Although the proposed system is about the same size as the others, she estimates that it will take about 10 percent less time and money. Which of the following methods is she using? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve

Reasons why estimating time and cost are important include all of the following EXCEPT A. To schedule work. B. To determine how long the project should take and cost. C. To develop cash flow needs. D. To determine how well the project is progressing. E. To help establish a project selection process.

Typical kinds of costs found in a project include all of the following EXCEPT A. Direct costs. B. Project overhead costs. C. General and administrative overhead costs. D. Labor. E. All of these are examples of costs found in a project.

Which of the following would best represent direct project costs? A. Only labor B. Only materials C. Only equipment D. Both labor and materials E. Labor, materials and equipment

Strategies to manage dysfunctional conflict do NOT include _____ the conflict. mediate encourage Control arbitrate accept

encourage

Using properly established and well-maintained professional relationships within a project, a project manager can be the __________ for information on the project centroid focus focal point center point central poin

focal point

Two of the major disadvantages of the ________ organizational approach are that projects may lack focus and it can take longer to complete projects strong matrix projectized weak matrix dedicated project team functional

functional

When reaching a decision during the group decision-making process, the project manager must build a consensus among the group and can do this by all of the following EXCEPT protect those members who represent the minority view. guarantee that everyone has the opportunity to share opinions. provide periodic summaries to help the group keep track of its progress. if time becomes a factor, they must make an informed final decision after everyone's ideas have been heard. manage any conflict that may arise.

if time becomes a factor, they must make an informed final decision after everyone's ideas have been heard

When dysfunctional conflict is identified, one of the ways to deal with it is to escalate it up the management chain. impose an arbitrated solution. encourage the conflict. show understanding and support. hush and hide the dysfunctional conflict.

impose an arbitrated solution

All of the following are functions culture plays in an organization EXCEPT it helps create social order it helps legitimize the management system. it provides a sense of identity. it clarifies and reinforces standards of behavior. it replaces the need for a project selection process.

it replaces the need for a project selection process

Agile project management involves ____ whereas traditional project management involves _______. known and stable scope, unknown requirements projects with high predictability, project with unknown or unstable requirements high uncertainty, projects with unknown requirements iterative and incremental delivery, upfront planning with high predictability Goff high certainty, projects with unstable scope

iterative and incremental delivery, upfront planning with high predictability

A highly visible, interactive management style is when the project manager's behavior symbolizes how other people should work on the project. This is called __________ by example managing adjusting engaging assessing leading

leading

In a(n) ________ system, there are usually two chains of command, one along functional lines and the other along project lines. projectized unified dedicated project team functional matrix

matrix

The ________ structure is designed to optimally utilize resources by having individuals work on multiple projects as well as being capable of performing normal functional duties. unified projectized functional dedicated project team matrix

matrix

norming

A side-effect of lack of trust in the other party is None of these alternatives is correct. increased cost to the project. often expending extra effort to understand the true meaning of communications. excessive number of deadlines missed. loss of interest in the project

often expending extra effort to understand the true meaning of communications.

When project managers have a can-do attitude and when they are able to maintain a positive attitude during a dismal day and keep others' attention positive as well, they are demonstrating ___________. learning positivism leadership optimism creativity

optimism

The traits of successful project managers include all of the following EXCEPT effective time management personal integrity pessimist effective communication skills proactivity

pessimist

When project managers take action before it is needed to prevent small concerns from escalating into major problems they are being _______. Risk-prone Risk-averse Risk-neutral Creative proactive

proactive

A project manager is considering how to structure a project team that will not directly disrupt ongoing operations. The project needs to be done quickly and a high level of motivation will be needed in order to do that. For this situation, the ______ organization would be the best choice strong matrix weak matrix Functional projectized balanced matrix

projectized

To provide greater clarity to business ethics, many companies and professional groups establish a reward system for those who display ethical behavior. conduct annual training seminars on business ethics. post consequences to unethical behavior. encourage managers to rely on their own personal sense of right and wrong. publish a code of conduct.

publish a code of conduct.

Experienced project managers recognize the need to build __________ before they need them. Experience relationships wealth credits currencies

relationships

The cultural characteristic that refers to the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking is known as _____________. control open-systems focus means versus ends orientation risk tolerance team emphasis

risk tolerance

Project managers must have many competencies, among them leadership, teamwork and negotiation. Leadership, teamwork, and negotiation are examples of the _________ dimension of the project management process. sociocultural soft skills tools technical planning

sociocultural

Experience and research indicate that high-performance project teams are much more likely to develop under all the following conditions EXCEPT the project involves a compelling objective. members are assigned to the project full time. there are 10 or fewer members per team. team members are selected by their managers. members report solely to the project manager.

team members are selected by their managers.

Iterative and incremental delivery means ______. the components or features of the project product or service are delivered one at a time throughout the duration of the project the project uses the traditional method of project management the project documentation is completed and delivered after each milestone product functionality is delivered all at once at the end of the project the entire project product or service is delivered all at once at the end of the project

the components or features of the project product or service are delivered one at a time throughout the duration of the project

When engaging stakeholders, a project manager should ______________ refuse to be pulled by the demands of people who are not directly involved in the project. manage and limit time negotiating with stakeholders outside of the organization. understand how different stakeholders can affect the project and manage that dependency. focus on the project team and their needs. develop a hands-on approach

understand how different stakeholders can affect the project and manage that dependency.

Members who are geographically situated so that they may never be able to meet face-to-face would be a characteristic of a ________ project team. Co-located virtual international geographically dispersed diverse

virtual

The essence of positive synergy can be found in the phrase "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts." "If it doesn't kill you, it makes you stronger." "Two heads are better than one." "Front of ship sink—back of ship sink." "If it doesn't kill you, it makes you stronger."

"The whole is greater than the sum of the parts."

The product life cycle must be understood as totally different from the project life cycle. In today's high-tech industries the product life cycle is averaging _________ to 3 years. 9 months 1 year 18 months 3 months 6 months

6 months

There are four different models of a Project Management Office (PMO). Which of the following is not one of the four? Weather station. Control tower. 911 call center Resource pool. Command and control center

911 call center

A communication plan is a key component for giving guidelines on how to track project ____. A. issues. B. costs. C. Both costs and defects. D. defects. E. All of these choices are correct.

A well-defined project that encounters no significant surprises would require little _________ A.leadership B.management C.controlling D.corrective action E.monitoring

After reviewing the project scope statement, the owner specifies that costs MUST stay within $400,000. This criterion is classified as A. Constrained B. Limited C. Fixed D. Accepted E. Enhanced

If a project is small and does not require an elaborate system to assign tasks, which of the following is a good choice? A. Responsibility matrix B. Priority matrix C. Organization breakdown structure D. Work breakdown structure E. Process breakdown structure

Scope definition is among the first tasks that must happen in projects. How is project scope defined? A. What you expect to deliver to your customer when the project is complete B. The length of your project and how much it will cost C. The deliverables or outputs during the course of the project D. The range of resources you have available and their capabilities E. The range of customer expectations

The _________ is used to assist in making project trade-offs among schedule, budget, and performance objectives. A. project priority matrix B. responsibility matrix C. work package D. work breakdown structure E. criterion matrix

The estimating factor that considers the skill level of participants doing the estimating is known as the __________ factor A. people B. planning horizon C. organizational culture D. padding estimates E. project complexity

The integration of the lowest level of the WBS with the organizational units responsible for performing the work is known as A. Organization breakdown structure B. Process breakdown structure C. Work breakdown structure D. Responsibility E. priority matrix

The last element of a project scope statement or checklist ensures an understanding and agreement of expectations. This is known as ____________. A. Acceptance criteria B. Milestones C. Limits exclusions D. Deliverables E. Technical requirements

The pattern of improvement identified from a worker having performed a task multiple times is known as a A. learning curve. B. optimistic estimate. C. both reduced failure rate and successive improvement. D. successive improvement. E. reduced failure rate.

The tendency for the project deliverables to expand over time—usually by changing requirements, specifications, and priorities—is called A. Scope creep B. Project bloat C. Scope enhancement D. Scope erosion E. Projects add-ons

There are 5 steps involved when defining a project; which of the following is the second? A. Establish project priorities B. Select team members C. Analyze the strategic plan D. Analyze the current budget plan E. Define the major objectives to meet the customer's needs

PMOs emerged in response to _____. Calls for the same from corporate executives A poor track record in finishing projects on time, within budget, and according to plan. Calls for the same from project managers A good track record in finishing projects on time, within budget, and according to plan An excess of unused project personnel

A poor track record in finishing projects on time, within budget, and according to plan

A project professional has just been assigned manager of a project to develop a new advertising campaign for an established product. What is the second step the project manager should do? A . Establish project priorities. B .Determine the required completion date. C. Verify the budget available. D. Define the project scope. E. Assign team members to work on the project

A scrum master is responsible for estimating a work package that has a significant amount of uncertainty associated with the time and cost to complete. Due to the uncertainty involved he will be making a low, an average and a high estimate. He is using which estimating approach? A. Range estimating B. Template method C. Learning curve D. Apportion method E. Parametric procedures applied to specific tasks

The top-down method of estimating project time and costs that is useful for projects requiring the same task, group of tasks or product repeated several times, especially if it is labor intensive, is the ______________ A. learning curves B. function point C. ratio D. consensus E. apportion

During which stage of team development is high performance not a top priority and attention is devoted to wrapping up the project? Norming Adjourning Storming Forming Performing

Adjourning

Stakeholders such as human resources, information systems, purchasing agents, and maintenance are typically classified as Customers Project sponsors Project managers Functional managers Administrative support

Administrative support

Which of the following would be considered the MOST effective project reward? Lump-sum cash award All expense-paid trip for team members and their families Desirable job assignments Using negative reinforcement to motivate adequate performance Public recognition

All expense-paid trip for team members and their families

As the number of small projects increase within an organization's portfolio, what is a challenge an organization faces? Prioritizing projects Sharing resources Managing risk All of these are challenges Measuring efficiency

All of these are challenges

Establishing a team identity is facilitated by creation of a project team name. team members working in a common space. effective use of meetings. team rituals. All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a functional project management organization? Longer project duration Lack of motivation of project team members Poor integration Lack of focus on the project All of these are disadvantages of functional project management organization

All of these are disadvantages of functional project management organization

Individual rewards for outstanding work would NOT include Judiciously making exceptions to the rules Letters of commendation Desirable job assignments All of these are examples of individual rewards for outstanding work Public recognition

All of these are examples of individual rewards for outstanding work

Establishing a team identity is facilitated by Effective use of meetings All of these are facilitators of establishing a team identity Team members working in a common space Creation of a project team name Team rituals

All of these are facilitators of establishing a team identity

At the project level, which of the following is a factor that should influence the choice of project management structure? The strategic importance of the project The size of the project The novelty of the project Budget and time constraints All of these are factors that should influence the choice of project management structure

All of these are factors that should influence the choice of project management structure

People who are part of the project team need to understand project management because they All of these are reasons it is important for project team members to understand project management. Work with others to create a schedule and budget. Need to understand the project charter or scope statement that defines the objectives and parameters of the project. Need to be able to monitor and report project progress. Need to understand project priorities so they can make independent decisions

All of these are reasons it is important for project team members to understand project management.

Which of the following is typically the responsibility of a project manager? Meeting performance specifications Meeting schedule requirements Meeting budget requirements All of these are typical responsibilities Coordinating the actions of the team members

All of these are typical responsibilities

The essential qualities of an effective vision include all of the following EXCEPT The vision should be communicated to all The vision has to make strategic sense All team members have the same vision There should be a passion for the vision The vision should be a source of inspiration to others

All team members have the same vision

Factors in identifying cultural characteristics include all the following EXCEPT Norms All of these are factors in identifying cultural characteristics Attitude Values Customs

Attitude

"To construct a high-quality, custom home within five months at costs not to exceed $150,000" is best classified as A. a deliverable. B. an objective. C. a milestone. D. an exclusion. E. a limit.

A Responsibility Matrix will clarify A. Responsibilities B. Who supports and who is responsible C. Tasks D. Supports E. All of these

A project professional is viewing a document that delineates the specific deliverables and sub-deliverables required to complete the writing of a technical support manual. He is most likely viewing the A. Organizational breakdown structure B. Work breakdown structure C. Work package D. Priority matrix E. Responsibility matrix

In regard to project priorities, if a project parameter such as the completion date or the cost of a project is fixed and must be met, it is considered ____________. A. Enhanced B. Constrained C. Static D. Unchangeable E. Accepted

In reviewing the project plan, a project professional sees that the first prototype must be completed by October 12. This would be best classified as a A. Limit item B. Milestone C. Project target D. Project objective E. Critical goal

Mega projects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost _______ or more and take many ______ to complete. A. $10 million, quarters B. $1 billion, years C. $1 million, months D. $500,000, months E. $10 billion, years

Reasons why estimating time and cost are important include all of the following EXCEPT A. to schedule work. B. to help establish a project selection process. C. to develop cash flow needs. D. to determine how long the project should take and cost. E. to determine how well the project is progressing.

Significant events in a project that occur at a specific point in time, are natural control points, and are easily recognized by project participants are known as ___________. A. kill points B. milestones C. due dates D. activities E. tasks

Taking advantage of opportunities to reduce costs or accelerate the schedule are examples of project criteria classified as ____________. A. Constrained B. Enhanced C. Accepted D. Unchangeable E. Static

The WBS is best suited for design and construction projects that have tangible outcomes. When the final outcome of the project is less tangible or it is the result of a series of steps or phases, some project managers choose to utilize a(n) ___________. A. Organization Breakdown Structure (OBS) B. Process Breakdown Structure (PBS) C. Responsibility Matrix (RM) D. Project Priority Matrix (PPM) E. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Modified

The highest element in the hierarchical breakdown of the WBS is A. Sub-deliverables B. The project C. Major deliverables D. A cost account E. A work package

The project scope statement indicates that the client is responsible for training the people who will be using the equipment and that the project team will train the client's trainers. This is an example of A.Deliverables B.Limits and Exclusions C.Project objectives D.Milestones E.Technical requirements

The salary of the project manager and temporary rental space for the project team would be classified as __________ costs. A. Direct B. Direct project overhead C. General and administrative overhead D. Interaction E. Fixed

There are 5 steps involved when defining a project; which of the following is the last? A. Assign the cost account to a manager B. Code the WBS for tracking C. Assign the work package to a manager D. All of these are included in the final step E. Develop the responsibility matrix

When specific work packages are assigned to a particular group or person within the organization, the result is called a(n) ___________ A. process breakdown structure B. organization breakdown structure C. project priority matrix D. responsibility matrix E. work breakdown structur

Which of the following items has to do with significant events in the life of a project, such as completion of deliverables, at a specific point in time? A. Deliverables B. Milestone C. Justification D. Project objective E. Product scope description

The ________ matrix form of project organization can achieve better equilibrium between technical and project requirements, but it is a very delicate system to create and manage Projectized Unified Strong Weak Balanced

Balanced

One of the ways to allow others to build trust in you is to Allow adequate time for staff training Celebrate staff birthdays on a regular basis Never be late on a project All of these alternatives are correct Behave in a consistent manner

Behave in a consistent manner

If you are considering moving to a matrixed organization, you will need Both time and strong leadership Both time and budget allocated Strong leadership Budget allocated Time

Both time and strong leadership

All of the following are organizational considerations when determining the right project management structure EXCEPT What percentage of core work involves projects Budget constraints Resource availability How important project management is to the success of the organization Assess current practices and determine any changes that are needed to more effectively manage projects

Budget constraints

When project teams get accustomed to not having to go through normal approvals to get things done, this is called ________________ Groupthink Bureaucratic bypass syndrome Going native Team infatuation Going over the project manager's head

Bureaucratic bypass syndrome

How can a project manager support and encourage functional conflict? As soon as emotions flare, he or she can intervene and attempt to control conflict because it has become dysfunctional By imposing a solution to the conflict after listening to each party By negotiating a resolution by reasoning and persuasion Conflict should not be encouraged or supported By asking tough questions and by challenging the rationale behind recommendations

By asking tough questions and by challenging the rationale behind recommendations

A Process Breakdown Structure can provide a reasonable alternative to a Work Breakdown structure for an extensive development project if A. risk planning is included early in the project. B. deliverables are tightly aligned to milestones. C. phase exit criteria are firmly established. D. there are appropriate predecessor relationships in place. E. tangible products are being developed.

A document that is issued by upper management and provides the project manager with written authority to use organizational resources for project activities is called a(n) __________. A. Scope statement B. Requirements document C. Project charter D. Statement of work E. Project plan

A robust ______________ can go a long way to reducing project problems over the life of the project and will establish how, when and to whom information must be supplied. A. Requirement doc B. Project charter C. Communication plan D. Priorities matrix E. WBS

All of the following are symptoms of organizations struggling with strategy disconnect and unclear priorities EXCEPT A. adequate resources. B. confused employees regarding which projects are more important. C. not enough projects within the portfolio to make a profit. D. people are working on multiple projects and feel inefficient. E. frequent conflicts between managers.

An external view of a Mega Project based upon the outcome of similar projects undertaken in the past is known as A. White elephant. B. Big Data Analysis. C. Reference Class Forecasting. D. Pareto Charting. E. The Monte Carlo Method.

Costs that are associated with time devoted to the coordination in meetings and briefings as well as time necessary to resolve disconnects between tasks are known as ______ costs A. coordination B. things go wrong C. interaction D. direct E. general and administrative (G&A) overhead costs

In making project trade-offs, a criterion that is allowed not to meet the original target, for example, allowing the schedule to slip, is classified as ___________. A. enhanced B. unchangeable C. accepted D. static E. Constrained

Once the __________ has been established, it is the basis for making trade-off decisions later in the project. A. responsibility matrix B. work breakdown structure C. project priority matrix D. organization breakdown structure E. process breakdown structure

One of the primary jobs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs associated with the project. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic classifications of project priorities? A. Cost B. All of these are basic classifications C. Profit D. Time E. performance

One tool that is used by project managers of small projects to summarize the tasks to be accomplished and who is responsible for what on a project is called a(n) __________. A. Activity responsibility B. Task assignment table C. Responsibility matrix D. Task responsibility table E. Activity assignment matrix

Product scope description The need for a functioning computer in countries having different electrical systems is an example of a ________. A. Justification B. Project objective C. Technical requirement D. Acceptance criteria E. Electrical incompatibility

Scope creep is a big issue when managing projects. Which of the following is NOT true regarding scope creep? A. It most likely caused by a scope statement that is too broad. B. It is the tendency for the project scope to expand over time. C. It can have both positive and negative impacts on a project.* D. It is when the project budget is exceeded. E. It can lead to added costs and possible project delays.

The WBS is best suited for projects that have a tangible outcome. Which of the following is used when the final outcome of the project is less tangible or is a product of a series of steps or phases? A. Priority matrix B. Organization breakdown structure C. Process breakdown structure D. Responsibility matrix E. A work breakdown structure is still effective for these types of projects

The approach to estimating project time and cost that begins with an overall estimate for the project and then refines estimates for various stages of the project as it is implemented is known as _____________ A. WBS method B. parametric procedure C. phase estimating method D. template method E. range estimating

The estimating factor that considers the decreasing accuracy of estimates as one forecasts activities that are further into the future as known as ______________ A. padding estimates B. people C. planning horizon D. organizational culture E. project complexity

The final step in defining a project is __________ the WBS for the information system. A. finalizing requirements B. integrating the WBS with the organization C. coding the WBS D. validating the scope E. assigning each work package to a single person

Which of the following items on the Project Scope Checklist answers the question "What end result is wanted?" A. Deliverables B. Milestone C. Product scope description D. Project objective E. Justification

the result of subdividing the work of a project into smaller and smaller work elements is called a(n) ________ A. organization breakdown structure B. responsibility matrix C. work breakdown structure D. process breakdown structure E. project priority matrix

All of the following are usually included in a work package EXCEPT A. the time needed to complete the work. B. work to be done. C. All of these are included in a work package. D. a single person who is responsible for its completion. E. all the costs for the work package.

Managing a project and leading a project are two different things. Project leadership is about coping with Designing structures and procedures Change Monitoring results against plans Taking corrective action when necessary Formulating plans and objectives

Change

A project life cycle is characterized as made up of stages. The final stage in the project life cycle is the __________ stage. Planning Conceptual Executing Closing Defining

Closing

In which stage of the project life cycle is the product of the project delivered to the customer and resources are released from the project Closing Planning Identifying Executing Defining

Closing

Training the customer, releasing staff and resources occurs in the ________ stage of project life cycle. Executing Closing Conceptual Defining Planning

Closing

Which of the following PMO types makes sure the project is aligned with business objectives and conforms to accepted practices? Resource pool Control tower 911 call center Weather station Command and control center

Command and control center

A popular metaphor for the role of a project manager is that of ________. Colonel Pilot Major Conductor Captain

Conductor

When project managers reduce the intensity of the conflict by smoothing over differences or interjecting humor when dysfunctional conflict arises, they are attempting to _________ the conflict. Control Eliminate Mediate Arbitrate Encourage

Control

Which of the following cultural characteristic relates to the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior? Member identity Unit integration Control Team Emphasis Managerial focus

Control

Organization ________ refers to a system of shared norms, beliefs, values, and assumptions which bind people together, thereby creating shared meanings Mission Personality Culture Governance Value

Culture

Research suggests that there is a strong connection between project management structure, organizational ________, and project success. Mission Culture Values Personality Governance

Culture

Which group of stakeholders defines the scope of the project and ultimately determines whether or not the project is successful? Project sponsors Project managers Project team Customers Top management

Customers

________ define the scope of the project, and ultimate project success rests in their satisfaction. Vendors/suppliers Top management Customers Project managers Functional managers

Customers

In today's customer-focused organizations, the customer is recognized as the final authority of what constitutes quality. Nevertheless, customer tastes and feature preferences vary from customer to customer. Increased competition has placed a premium on customer satisfaction and the development of __________ products and services. Creative Customized Quality Unique Consistent

Customized

A key aspect to communication plans are that they allow the project manager and the project team to A. focus on defect resolution. B. meet deadlines more effectively. C. effectively control costs on the project. D. actively control the flow of information. E. be more creative in their communications.

A selective outline of the project that ensures the identification of all tasks and an understanding of what is to be done is called a(n) ____________. A. project breakdown structure B. organization breakdown structure C. process breakdown structure D. work breakdown structure E. product breakdown structure

A way to improve estimates on future projects is to collect and archive data on past project estimates and actuals. Creating ___________ for estimating is a way to achieve this goal. A. Any of these alternatives are correct. B. estimating and forecasting databases C. structured databases D. time and cost databases E. history databases

A(n) __________ is something that is a valuable but burdensome possession A. Mega-project B. Yacht C. Vacation home D. White elephant E. Concorde

All of the following are ways the WBS helps in managing projects EXCEPT A. as it is developed, organizational units and individuals can be assigned responsibility of work packages. B. can be used to define communication channels. C. it provides management with information appropriate to each level. D. allows the project manager to establish the overall objective of the project. E. with cost and time estimates the WBS makes it possible to plan, schedule and budget the project.

Estimating can be challenged by A. human nature. B. political dynamics. C. difficulty in predicting the future. D. All of these alternatives are correct. E. size of the project.

In many cases, the causes of scope creep reflect a misfit between ____. A. Traditional project management method being applied to projects with high certainty B. Agile project management methods being applied to projects with high predictability C. Agile project management methods being applied to projects involving the application of uncertain technology D. Traditional project management methods being applied to high uncertainty projects E. Agile project management method being applied to project with stable, static scope

Scope creep can be reduced by carefully writing a A. requirements document B. project charter C. statement of work D. scope statement E. project plan

The lowest element in the hierarchical breakdown of the WBS is A. An object B. A cost account C. A lowest sub deliverable D. A work package E. A deliverable

The most detailed element in the hierarchical breakdown of the project work to be accomplished is known as the __________. A. Cost account B. Deliverable C. Lowest sub-deliverable D. Work package E. Sub-deliverable

The result of subdividing the work of a project into smaller and smaller work elements is called a(n) __________. A. Project priority matrix B. Process breakdown structure C. Organization breakdown structure D. Work breakdown structure E. Responsibility matrix

There are 5 steps involved when defining a project; which of the following is the second? A. Analyze the strategic plan B. Select team members C. Define major objectives to meet the customer's needs D. Establish project priorities E. Analyze the current budget plan

Which of the following is least likely to be included in a work package? A. How long the work package should take to complete B. The person responsible for the work package C. How much the work package should cost to complete D. Overhead expenses E. A description of work to be performed

Which of the following items has to do with conditions that must be met before the deliverables are accepted? A. Deliverables B. Technical requirements C. Milestones D. Acceptance criteria E. Limits and exclusions

Which of the following items has to do with the overall goal of meeting your customer's needs? A. Milestones B. Deliverables C. Justification D. Project objective E. Product scope description

You are writing a project scope definition document. Which of the following is NOT one of the items that would appear on a project scope statement or checklist? A. Limits and exclusions B. Project Objectives C. Technical requirements D. Work breakdown structure E. Deliverables

________ translate the organization's strategy into specific, concrete, and measurable terms. Vision statements Mission statements Goals Objectives Lessons learned

Having a strong communication plan can go a long way toward mitigating project problems. A communication plan should address all of the following EXCEPT A. What information needs to be collected and are there limits as to who has access to it B. When the information will be communicated. C. How information should be communicated and to whom D. all of these should be addressed in a communication plan E. which methods will be used to gather and store information

The ability of a 911 emergency system to identify the caller's phone number and location is considered to be a A.Milestone B.Project deliverable C.Project exclusion D.Technical requirement E. Project limit

Which of the following is NOT one of the driving forces behind the increasing demand for project management? More sustainable business practices Declining need for product customization Compression of the product life cycle Increasing need for concurrent multi-project management Knowledge explosion

Declining need for product customization

_______________ project teams should be used for urgent projects in which the nature of the work requires people working steadily from beginning to end Dedicated Weak Strong Balanced Projectized

Dedicated

Identified weaknesses of high expense, conflict between the team and the organization, and difficult post-project transitions are typical of Dedicated Team None of these Projectized Teams Functional Team Matrixed Teams

Dedicated Team

Which structure would be most appropriate for developing a new, highly innovative product that has strict time constraints? Dedicated project teams Functional organization Strong matrix Weak matrix Balanced matrix

Dedicated project teams

Which of the following represents the correct order of stages within the project life cycle? Planning, Defining, Executing, Closing Planning, Defining, Closing, Executing Executing, Defining, Planning, Closing Closing, Planning, Defining, Executing Defining, Planning, Executing, Closing

Defining, Planning, Executing, Closing

Mapping ____________ helps identify those on whom the project depends for success Currencies Activities Dependencies Values Goals

Dependencies

Which of the following is a good example of a program? Taking notes each class meeting to prepare for the final Developing a new residential area that includes six custom homes Developing a new marketing plan Planting a garden Planning a wedding

Developing a new residential area that includes six custom homes

The biggest challenge to managing a virtual project team is___________ Being able to contact team members immediately when there is a problem. Dealing with team members in different time zone Getting reports and technical information communicated Enforcing deadlines Developing trust and establishing effective pattern and communication

Developing trust and establishing effective pattern and communication

The largest source of tension between project managers and upper management typically comes from Communication difficulties Differences of perspective Budgeting exercises Lack of project resources Not managing risk correctly

Differences of perspective

*Estimates should be made based on ___________ conditions, efficient methods, and a normal level of resources. A. above normal B. abnormal C. standard D. average E. normal

A "Dissemination Mode" is A. All of these choices are correct. B. a description of what is important to project stakeholders. C. how project schedules are version controlled. D. None of these choices are correct. E. what defines how project communication is to occur

A technique that clearly establishes priorities with customers and top management so as to create shared expectations and avoid misunderstandings is developing a(n) ___________. A. Work breakdown structure B. Process breakdown structure C. Organizational breakdown structure D. Responsibility matrix E. Project priority matrix

An expected output over the life of a project would be classified as A. An objective B. A target C. An end object D. A product E. A deliverable

Consider a five-mile-long railroad tunnel. Tunnel experts and advocates estimate the total cost to be $200 million. What is the reference class for this project? But reference class projects in this area have been over-budget by 30%. So, what should the actual revised budget number be for this proposed five-mile tunnel project? A. Past bridge projects, $230 million B. Past building projects, $230 million C. Past highway projects, $200 million D. Past construction projects, $230 million E. Past tunnel projects, $260 million

Five steps are involved when defining a project. Which of the following is the first? A. Assign team members to work on the project B. Verify the budget available C. Determine the required completion date D. Establish project priorities E. Define the project scope

One of the primary jobs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs among time, cost, and performance. To do so, the project manager must define and understand the ___________ of the project. A. requirements B. WBS C. project charter D. communications plan E. priorities

One way for a project manager to communicate the authority granted to individual project members is to publish a A. Project communication plan B. Project plan C. Project hierarchy of reporting authority D. Work breakdown structure E. Responsibility matrix

The best way to __________________ is to collect and archive data on past projects. A. Train estimators B. Estimate project costs C. Forecast project duration D. Assist project managers E. Improve estimates

The estimating approach that is best to use on projects where there is an unusual amount of uncertainty surrounding the project and when it is impractical to estimate times and costs for the entire project is known as ___________. A. parametric procedure B. WBS method C. range estimating D. template method E. phase estimating method

The gradual expansion of project requirements, specifications and priorities during the execution of project is known as ____________. A. expanding requirements B. scope enhancement C. an absence of scope control D. WBS vagueness E. scope creep

The type of information that will need to be collected during a project and who will receive this information can be found in the project __________ plan. A. Responsibility B. Requirements C. Assignment D. Creation and design E. Communication

Top-down methods are used for all but which of the following intended usages? A. Feasibility/conceptual phase B. Resource capacity planning C. Rough time/cost estimate D. Fund requirements E. Budgeting and scheduling

When work packages are integrated with organizational units, a control point is created called a A. Priority matrix B. Responsibility matrix C. Work package D. Project overlap E. Cost account

Which of the following is a good example of a Process Breakdown Structure? A. New sports stadium B. New project management book C. New instruction manual D. New car prototype E. New software program

Which of the following is not a common cause of scope creep? A. Poor requirements analysis B. Lack of change control C. Not involving users early enough D. Underestimating project complexity E. Policy change

Which of the following items on the Project Scope Checklist answers the question "What is the problem or opportunity the project is addressing?" A. Deliverables B. Milestones C. Project objective D. Product scope description E. Justification

Which of the following tools would you as project manager likely prefer if you are managing a medium-to-large software development project? Your project is driven by performance requirements, not by plans/blueprints. A. WBS B. Responsibility Matrix C. All of these D. OBS E. PBS

While it may be true that Mega Projects are by nature extremely difficult to estimate, another factor identified in the consistent pattern of estimating difficulties is: A. None of these alternatives is correct. B. economic downturn. C. Both unidentified risks and economic downturn. D. unidentified risks. E. deception.

The ability or skill to perceive, assess and manage the emotions of one's self and others is called _________ intelligence. Diverse Mature Circumstantial Emotional Critical

Emotional

To provide greater clarity to business _________, many companies and professional groups publish a code of conduct. Relationships Ethics Objectives Activities Goals

Ethics

A project life cycle is characterized as made up of stages. A major part of the project work, both physical and mental, takes place in the ___________ stage of the project life cycle Defining Closing Planning Conceptual Executing

Executing

In which stage of the project life cycle are you more likely to find status reports, changes, and the creation of forecasts? Executing Identifying Planning Defining Closing

Executing

In which stage of the project life cycle is a major portion of the actual project work performed? Defining Planning Closing Identifying Executing

Executing

The primary function of the control tower PMO is to improve project ______. Budgeting Quality of the resulting project Execution Scheduling and Budgeting Scheduling

Execution

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of organizing projects within a matrix arrangement? Infighting. Stressful. Expensive. Longer project duration. Dysfunctional conflict between functional managers and project managers

Expensive

An activity that represents a major segment of work is a good example of a milestone. T F

Which of the choices listed below is NOT considered to be a characteristic of a project? For internal use only An established objective Something never been done by a particular company before A clear beginning and end Specific time, cost and performance requirements

For internal use only

A project manager responsible for building a new office building that started this week has noticed some unusual behavior amongst the team. Team members are trying out different behaviors to see what is acceptable to the project and personal relations. Which stage of development is the team in? Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

Forming

During which stage of team development do team members establish ground rules and try to find out what behaviors are acceptable and what performance expectations are? Storming Performing Forming Adjourning Norming

Forming

When having to have a difficult conversation with upper managers, you can increase success by Taking an advocacy position Not asking for further budget allocation Taking an adversarial position Framing the issue in familiar language Making sure you have just met your last deadline

Framing the issue in familiar language

Research indicates that high-performance project teams are much more likely to develop under certain conditions. One of these conditions is that members are assigned to the project _______ time. Split Full Part Over By ending

Full

A young professional man is working on a project involving the upgrading of a management information system. The project is being managed by the information systems department with the coordination of other departments occurring through normal channels. This professional is working in a _________ organization Projectized Balanced matrix Weak matrix Strong matrix Functional

Functional

Project managers should encourage ___________ conflict. Dysfunctional Creative Diverse Functional Emotional

Functional

The approach to project management that uses the existing hierarchy of the organization to manage projects is ___________ organization and it uses no overlaid structure. Functional Weak Matrix Projectized Dedicated Project Team Balance Matrix

Functional

The arrangement that manages projects within the existing organizational structure is __________ organization. Projectized Strong Matrix Weak Matrix Functional Balanced Matrix

Functional

Which of the following combinations represents the extremes of project organization? Projectized and balanced matrix Projectized and strong matrix Strong matrix and balanced matrix Strong matrix and functional Functional and projectized

Functional and projectized

Which of the following groups of stakeholders place constraints on project work such as requiring permits to be secured, that work is built to code, or that safety standards are met? Government agencies Top management Project managers Customers Project sponsors

Government agencies

________ decision making should be used when strong commitment to a decision is needed and there is a low probability of acceptance if the decision were to be made by one person. Monetary Group Program Individual Project

Group

An important function of an organization's culture is to Provide emotional intelligence for decision making Determine the types of projects an organization is to accomplish. Help legitimize the management system Complete project on budget and on schedule Make the execution of complex projects easier

Help legitimize the management system

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of a project life cycle? Executing Planning Identifying Defining Closing

Identifying

Team meetings, co-location of team members, team names, and team rituals are common vehicles when establishing a team _________. discipline vision characteristic ritual Identity

Identity

Organization structures have a connection to projects. Which of the following is NOT true of project management structures? They appropriately balance the needs of both the parent organization and the project. In selecting a management structure, the culture of the organization is not a huge consideration. They help determine who has most authority regarding managing the project. The project itself should be considered when determining which structure is best. They provide a framework for launching and implementing projects.

In selecting a management structure, the culture of the organization is not a huge consideration.

________ rewards typically should be used only when everyone on the team recognizes that a member is deserving of special recognition. Individual Monetary Program Project Group

Individual

Which of the following is not one of the five commonly traded organizational currencies? Task-related currencies Relationship-related currencies Innovation-related currencies Inspiration-related currencies Position-related currencies

Innovation-related currencies

Which of the following is NOT one of the tips for alleviating communication problems of virtual teams? Establish a code of conduct to avoid delays. Share the pain when team members reside in different time zones. Insist team members travel at least once during the project for a face-to-face meeting. Establish clear norms and protocols for surfacing assumptions and conflicts. Keep team members informed on how well the overall project is going.

Insist team members travel at least once during the project for a face-to-face meeting.

_________-related currencies derive from people's burning desire to make a difference and add meaning to their lives. Position Inspiration Task Relationship Personal

Inspiration

Which of the following is not a consideration that needs to be factored into the process of recruiting team members for a project? Integrity Political connections Credibility Familiarity Ambition, initiative, and energy

Integrity

Which of the following is NOT true about project management? It is a set of tools. It improves one's ability to plan, implement and manage activities to accomplish specific organizational objectives. Many opportunities are available for individuals interested in this career path. It focuses primarily on technical processes. It is not limited to the private sector.

It focuses primarily on technical processes.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a projectized organization? Lack of focus on the project Poor integration High complexity Longer project duration It is expensive

It is expensive

Which of the following is NOT true regarding organizing projects within a matrix arrangement? Provides a dual focus between functional/technical expertise and project requirements that is missing in either the project team or the functional approach. Its flexibility supports a strong project focus that helps alleviate stress among project team members. It is a hybrid form of organization that combines characteristics of both dedicated project teams and functional organization. It is designed to optimally utilize resources by having individuals work on multiple projects as well as being capable of performing normal functional duties. There are usually two chains of command

Its flexibility supports a strong project focus that helps alleviate stress among project team members.

An increase in the complexity of projects, because projects typically include the latest advances, can be the result of a growth in new __________. Processes Products and services Products Services Knowledge

Knowledge

Project management is being driven by More projects being done in-house. Knowledge explosion and increased customer focus Elevated profit motive Knowledge explosion Increased customer focus

Knowledge explosion and increased customer focus

Management is about coping with complexity; ________ is about coping with change. Leadership Engineering Closing A change control board Execution

Leadership

Once project managers have proven their _________ to upper management, senior management is much more receptive to their challenges and requests respect Trust loyalty subordination honesty

Loyalty

Managers spend the majority of their time outside their offices in the ________ style of management. MIS PV EVA PMP MBWA

MBWA

Which of the following is used at Hewlett-Packard for building relationships with key players that will determine a project's success? GIGO MBWA PMI MBO MBA

MBWA

______________ organization is a hybrid form in which a horizontal project management structure is "overlaid" in the normal functional hierarchy Functional Neutral Project Matrix Balanced

Matrix

Which of the following is an advantage of a functional project management organization? Shorter project duration Good integration across functional units Strong motivation of project team members Longer project duration Maximum flexibility in the use of staff

Maximum flexibility in the use of staff

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes? Conflict tolerance Risk tolerance Means versus end orientation Open-systems focus Reward criteria

Means versus end orientation

The first _________ is critical to the early functioning of the project team. It sets the tone for how the team will work together. Milestone Meeting Announcement Deliverable Day

Meeting

Which of the following conditions is not conducive to the creation of high-performance teams? The project involves a compelling objective Members are assigned to the project full time Members report solely to the project manager All relevant functional areas are represented on the team Members are co-located and/or internationally dispersed if necessary

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