Terminology

The NOT operator is represented as _.

!

How would you run command 70 from your previous history in one step?

!70

Which key is used to sort the process list by top resource consumers when using top? -S -F -K -A

-A

In search patterns, what is the syntax to match the end of the string? . ^ $ *

$

Select the command that appends the error output to a temporary log file. $ ./script 2>> /tmp/scriptlogfile $ ./script 2> /tmp/scriptlogfile $ ./script 2<< /tmp/scriptlogfile $ ./script 2/>> /tmp/scriptlogfile

$ ./script 2>> /tmp/scriptlogfile

Which key combination would allow you to switch from the GUI to the text virtual terminal 4? -CTRL-SHIFT-F4 -CTRL-ALT-SHIFT-SUPER-F4 -CTRL-ALT-F4 -CTRL-SHIFT-F4

-CTRL-ALT-F4

The _____ shortcut is used to terminate a foreground process. -CTRL-C -CTRL-Z -ALT-C -ALT-Z

-CTRL-C

Identify the correct statements. -High priority jobs have higher nice value. -High priority jobs have lower nice value. -Low priority jobs have higher nice value. -Low priority jobs have lower nice value.

-High priority jobs have lower nice value. -Low priority jobs have higher nice value.

What are the topics in info pages called? Items -Nodes -Sections -Menus

-Nodes

The at utility is used to execute: -Interactive programs at a specific time -Non-interactive programs at a specific time -Interactive programs at periodic time intervals -Non-interactive programs at periodic time intervals

-Non-interactive programs at a specific time

What is the use of the Impress component in LibreOffice? -Word Processing -Spreadsheets -Create and edit graphics and diagrams -Presentations

-Presentations

Assuming you are not the root user, which of the following commands would turn off the graphical desktop, depending on your specific Linux distribution? -sudo telinit 3 -sudo systemctl stop dgm -init 3 -sudo systemctl stop lightdm

-sudo telinit 3 -sudo systemctl stop dgm -sudo systemctl stop lightdm

Which of the following can be used to view process information? -top -pstree -which -w

-top -pstree

Which commands allow you to locate programs? -whichis -which -whichever -whereis

-whereis -which

Please select a possible correct full path for a file named photo.jpg on a Linux system.

/data/user1/images/photo.jpg

Where can you find the device nodes of a Linux system? /etc /mnt /dev /var

/dev

Which of the following configuration files shows which filesystems will be automatically mounted when the system is brought up into multi-user mode? /etc/login.defs /etc/fstab /etc/profile /proc/sys/fs

/etc/fstab

Identify the log file in which the sudo commands and failures are logged in by default under the Debian family: /var/log/auth.log /var/messages /var/log/USER /etc/sudoers

/var/log/auth.log

Which of the following is used to exit emacs after prompting to save all modified files? CTRL-x c CTRL-x s CTRL-x CTRL-s CTRL-x CTRL-c

CTRL-x CTRL-c

distribution

Collection of software making up a Linux-based OS Example: Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, Ubuntu and Gentoo

Shell

Command line interpreter that interprets the command line input and instructs the operating system to perform and necessary tasks and commands Example: bash, tcsh, and zsh

Which protocol is used to set the local time via Internet servers? -Network Clock Protocol (NCP) -Network What Time is IT Protocol (NWTIP) -Network Time Protocol (NTP) -Network GPS Protocol (NGP)

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

boot loader

Program that boots the operating system Example: GRUB and ISOLINUX

service

Program that runs as a background process Example: httpd, nfsd, ntpd, ftpd, and named

The two commands gunzip foo and gzip -d foo do the same thing. True False

True

What does the info command (with no arguments) show? -Shows the index of topics -Searches the Internet for information -Shows the info page for the currently running Linux kernel -Prints out every info page

Shows the index of topics

Which command checks whether a host is online? ping route traceroute netstat

ping

Which of the following permissions provides read and execute access? rwx r-- rw- r-x

r-x

What do we call the user account possessing supreme authority over the system? administrator root master superior

root

Which command is used to combine three files into a fourth file? cat file1 file2 file3 > file4 cp file1 file2 file3 > file4 cat file1 > file2 > file3 > file4 cat file1 > file2 > file3 | file4

cat file1 file2 file3 > file4

If you want to substitute the result of an expression (say echo /tmp) to be the argument for cd, how will you represent them (select all that apply)? cd `echo /tmp` cd (echo /tmp) cd echo /tmp cd $(echo /tmp)

cd $(echo /tmp) cd `echo /tmp`

Which command displays a short synopsis of built-in shell commands?

help

Which of the following are valid commands to use with ssh? ssh -l haskell eddie.com ssh [email protected] yum -y update ssh -l [email protected] whoami ssh -l haskell eddie.com whoami

ssh -l haskell eddie.com ssh [email protected] yum -y update ssh -l haskell eddie.com whoami

Which command is used to print strings of printable characters found in files?

strings

How would you change your system's hostname to LFstudent?

sudo hostname LFstudent

Where does the shell store the command history? bash ~/.bash_history /bin/bash /bin /etc /var unanswered

~/.bash_history

Which of the following are examples of an absolute path? - /etc/passwd - ../passwd - //etc/passwd - \\passwd

- /etc/passwd -//etc/passwd

Consider a data file /usr/data/employee that contains the information of 300 employees, in the following format: (emp-name:age:date-of-birth) Select the correct syntax of the awk command that prints the name and date-of-birth. $ awk -F: '{ print $1 ; $3 }' /usr/data/employee $ awk -F: '{ print $1 & $3 }' /usr/data/employee $ awk -F: '{ print $1 $3 }' /usr/data/employee $ awk -F: '{ print $1 - $3 }' /usr/data/employee

$ awk -F: '{ print $1 $3 }' /usr/data/employee

Which of the following commands will compress all the files in some_dir, along with all of the files in all the directories under it? $ gzip * $ gzip -r some_dir $ gzip -d some_dir $ gunzip some_dir

$ gzip -r some_dir

Which of the following parameters contains the name of the script being executed? $n var $0 $*

$0

Select the correct syntax to find the length of the string abc. $#[abc] ${abc#} $#{abc} ${#abc}

${#abc}

What does the man -k command display? -All man pages in sequence with the given name in all chapters -The man pages with a word in the name -The manual page for the given topic -A list of the man pages discussing the subject

-A list of the man pages discussing the subject

Which of the following tasks does not require root privileges? -Accessing files that the user has proper permissions to access -Accessing specific devices such as printers -Managing software packages -Removing or modifying system files

-Accessing files that the user has proper permissions to access -Accessing specific devices such as printers

What does the man -a command display? -All man pages in sequence with the given name in all chapters -The man pages with a word in the name -The manual page for the given topic -The man pages discussing the subject

-All man pages in sequence with the given name in all chapters

Which of the following are binary-compatible Linux distributions which are free alternatives to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)? Choose all that apply.

-CentOS -Scientific Linux

Which two things can CUPS do? -Connect a local printer to a Linux system and share it over a network -Connect a network printer to a Linux system -Configure a network IP to the system -Configure a local printer on Windows machine

-Connect a network printer to a Linux system -Connect a local printer to a Linux system and share it over a network

Which of the below choices points to server processes that get initialized during system startup and then wait for a user or system request indicating that work needs to be done? -Batch Processes -Daemons -Nice Processes -Interrupt Handlers

-Daemons

Which two of the following are common protocols used to access emails stored on a remote mail server? -mutt -POP -mail -IMAP

-IMAP -POP

Which VPN technologies does the Network Manager support? -OpenVPN -Cisco OpenConnect -IPSec -All of the above

-IPSec -Cisco OpenConnect -OpenVPN

Which of the following statements are true about the case statement? -It enables you to match several values against one variable. -It ensures that the condition is true for all cases. -It is a good alternative to nested multilevel if-then-else-fi statements. -It indicates that any one of the conditions needs to be true, to perform the specified action.

-It is a good alternative to nested multilevel if-then-else-fi statements. -It enables you to match several values against one variable.

Why is FTP use no longer considered up to modern standards? Pick all answers that apply. -It transmits unencrypted passwords which can be intercepted. -It uses TCP/IP as a transmission protocol. -It does not work with many operating systems. -It is more than 40 years old and contains a lot of historical baggage.

-It is more than 40 years old and contains a lot of historical baggage. -It transmits unencrypted passwords which can be intercepted.

Choose the correct statements related to 'CTRL-Z'. -It is used to suspend the foreground processes. -It is used to suspend the background processes. -It is used to reinitiate the foreground processes. -It is used to reinitiate the background processes.

-It is used to suspend the foreground processes.

What type of Linux configuration file(s) is/are used to automate the installation process? -Kickstart -AutoYaST -CD/DVD -USB

-Kickstart -AutoYast

Which of the following is the unique identifier for a process? -PID -PPID -TID -UID

-PID

Which of the following are displayed by top by default? -PID -PR -UID -USER

-PID -PR -USER

In addition to the kernel, what are some of the purposes of the other software tools required for developing a full Linux distribution?

-Performing file-related operations -Maintaining user management _Taking care of software package management

How would you find the name of a previously used command and easily rerun that command without having to type it at the prompt? -Press the Down arrow key until you locate the command, and then press Enter to rerun the command. -Press the Up arrow key until you locate the command, and then press Enter to rerun the command. -Use the history command to locate the command, and then press Enter to rerun the command. -Press the Right arrow key until you locate the command, and then press Enter to rerun the command.

-Press the Up arrow key until you locate the command, and then press Enter to rerun the command.

What are possible states of a process? -Running -Agitated -Sleeping (Waiting) -Nice

-Running -Sleeping (Waiting)

Which of the following settings can you configure using the Display panel? -Preferred Applications -Screen Resolution -Network Routing -User Name

-Screen Resolution

What does info <topic> show? -Shows the list of all pages involving the topic -Requests you type in information about the topic -Shows the info page for the specified topic -Searches the internet for information on the topic

-Shows the info page for the specified topic

Which of the following are sources of Linux documentation? -MSDN network -The man pages - https://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/ -The Congressional Record

-The man pages - https://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/

What is displayed when running man with no options other than the topic as an argument? - All man pages in sequence with the given name in all chapters -The manual page for the given topic -The man pages with a word in the name -The man pages discussing the subject

-The manual page for the given topic

Which of the following describes things pstree can display? -The relationship between -parent and child processes -Recently terminated processes -Repeated processes -Threads in curly braces

-The relationship between -parent and child processes -Threads in curly braces

The command tar zcvf backup.tar.gz ~ will archive which of the following in the file backup.tar.gz? -The user's home directory -The user's entire home directory tree -The entire Hard Disk -The entire partition the user's home directory resides in

-The user's entire home directory tree

What are the advantages of startup files? -They help the users change to the root account. -They can set command-line shortcuts and aliases. -They can provide full access to the system. -They can set the default text editor.

-They can set command-line shortcuts and aliases. -They can set the default text editor.

Which of the following network connections are usually automatically configured? -Wireless -Wired -Broadband Connection -VPN

-Wired

OpenSUSE uses _____________ to add and remove software packages. -Google Play -YaST Software Management -YaST Configuration Management -SUSE Software Center

-YaST Software Management

Which of the following are high-level package managers? -dpkg -apt -yum -zypper

-apt -zypper -yum

Which of the following is scheduled to run and then disconnected from the terminal? -interactive process -batch process -kernel threads -threads

-batch process

Identify the command option that should be present in the paste command to combine two files with a specified delimiter. -d -n -t -r

-d

In an if statement, the ____ operator is used with a name as argument to check if it exists and is a directory. -e -d -f -s

-d

Which of the following are correct conditional options that can be used to test for file attributes? -e -z -d -r

-d -e -r

Which of these are default directories available under the home directory? -desktop -documents -root -downloads

-desktop -documents -downloads

Which two of the following package management utilities are used by Ubuntu? -up2date -dpkg -yum -the Ubuntu Software Center

-dpkg -The Ubuntu Software Center

Which of the following are low-level package managers? -dpkg -apt -yum -rpm

-dpkg -rpm

Which of the following commands will ensure that the shared files are available over a network? -exportfs -exportnfs -exportfiles -exportnetwork

-exportfs

Which of the following statements are true? -su is safer to use than sudo. -sudo is safer to use than su. -Normal userids have values of 1000 or greater. -Normal userids have valudes of 499 or less.

-sudo is safer to use than su. -Normal userids have values of 1000 or greater.

Which command is used to bring the process to the foreground? -bg -Sleep -fg -&

-fg

Which command will show you the type of the file named some_file? -identify some_file -locate some_file -file some_file -diff some_file

-file some_file

What is the default Text Editor in GNOME? -gedit -Notepad -Nautilus -redit

-gedit

Which of the following commands might be used to start the GNOME graphical help system? -gnome-help -gnome-info -yelp -pleasehelpme

-gnome-help -yelp

Which of the following are the built-in help options that can be used for quick references? -h --help /help help --

-h --help

Which command is used to enumerate the background processes running in the current terminal session? -sleep -fg -jobs -bg

-jobs

Using which command can you view an entire file with scroll-back? -tail -cat -less -head

-less

Which two of the following are text mode email clients widely available in Linux? -mutt -Evolution -mail -Claws Mail

-mail -mutt

While copying one directory to a similar directory on another system over the network, rsync copies: -all files -all subdirectories -all files and subdirectories that have changed -only the parts of all files and subdirectories that have changed

-only the parts of all files and subdirectories that have changed

Using which command you forcefully remove a directory recursively? -rmdir -rm -rf -rmdir -rf -rmdir -f -rm -rf

-rm -rf

Assuming you are the root user, which commands allow you to shut down your system without rebooting? -halt -shutdown -r now -poweroff -shutdown -h now

-shutdown -h now -halt -poweroff

What information does the second line of the top output display? -user sessions -stopped processes -steal time -zombie processes

-stopped processes -zombie processes

Which of the following Linux device nodes provide random numbers? /dev/rnd /dev/urandom /dev/urnd /dev/random

/dev/urandom /dev/random

Shadow passwords used on most modern distributions are stored under which file? /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/passwd/shadow /etc/shadow/password

/etc/shadow

Which is the home directory of the superuser account? /bin /root /dev /boot

/root

Which bash wildcard is used to match any single character?

?

You have just brought home a new set top box for your television, that includes a digital video recorder (DVR). It is probably running Linux, like most currently popular multi-media appliances. Which variety of Linux would you expect to have been installed on it? -A Desktop version with a friendly graphical interface -A Server version, such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux -A specialized version with only the minimal set of software needed to accomplish its task

A specialized version with only the minimal set of software needed to accomplish its task

What are the different types of commands that can be used in a bash shell script? Compiled applications Built-in bash commands Other scripts All of the above

All of the above

Which one of the following component actually loads Linux? -boot loader -init -X Window System -BIOS

Boot loader

Which of the following environment variables is used to specify the prompt string? EXPORT PS1 ENV SHELL

PS1

Which of the following is a popular desktop environment and graphical user interface that runs on top of the Linux operating system? -Fedora -GNOME -SUSE -Debian

GNOME

Kernel

Glue between hardware and applications Example: Linux kernel

X Window system

Graphical subsystem on nearly all Linux systems

desktop environment

Graphical user interface on top of the operating system Example: GNOME, KDE, Xfce, and Fluxbox

Which of the following is a commonly used environment variable? HOMEDIR SECRET_PASSWORD GROUP HOME

HOME

command line

Interface for typing commands on top of the operating system

Which of the following mechanisms are used to automatically verify that passwords created or modified using the passwd utility are strong enough (select all that apply)? RAM PAM John The Ripper Password Aging

John The Ripper PAM

What are the various ways in which security can be compromised if hardware is accessible? Key logging Network sniffing Locking workstations and servers Remounting and modifying disk content

Key logging Network sniffing Remounting and modifying disk content

filesystem

Method for storing and organizing files Example: ext3, ext4, FAT, XFS, NTFS, and Btrfs

Which of the following are graphical browsers used in Linux? lynx Mozilla Firefox konqueror Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome konqueror

Which of the following types of documentation can be accessed through /usr/share/doc? -man pages -Package Documentation -info pages -Internet resources

Package Documentation

Which of the following steps initiates changing the desktop background? -When logging in, before typing your password, click on the upper right corner -Right-click on the desktop and select Change Desktop Background -Reinstall the system

Right-click on the desktop and select Change Desktop Background

What keyboard shortcut is used to lock the screen? -CTRL-SUPER-ALT-L -SUPER-L -CTRL-ALT-F7 -CTRL-ALT-DEL

SUPER-L

What action saves the current state of the system in RAM? -Switching user -Suspending -Shutting down -Logging out

Suspending

What is Ekiga used for? -To connect to VoIP -To access IRC -To connect to FTP Servers -To access GTalk

To connect to VoIP

Which character is used to represent the continuation of a command over several lines? / | \ -

\

Which of the following is not a valid looping construct? while until after for unanswered

after

Which command is used to create an alias, cdtmp, for cd /tmp?

alias cdtmp='cd /tmp'

Which of the following commands is used to manually pass a text file, script.sh, to the shell interpreter? bash script.sh script.sh bash ./script.sh .sh ./script

bash script.sh

The /dev/null file is also known as the _________ or black hole.

bit bucket

Identify the Linux utility that ensures that passwords, if cracked, will only be usable for a limited amount of time.

chage

Which command is used to make some_script.sh executable? chmod a some_script.sh chmod +x some_script.sh ./some_script.sh some_command cat ./somescript.sh

chmod +x some_script.sh

Which facility is used to schedule a periodically performed task?

cron

Which command is used to extract columns from a file to work on them later? tr tee wc cut

cut

Which of the following commands will recursively compare two directory trees, just mentioning which files are different, new or deleted? -diff -wq /usr/src/linux-4.9 /usr/src/linux-4.10: -diff -qr /usr/src/linux-4.9 /usr/src/linux-4.10: -diff -sr /usr/src/linux-4.9 /usr/src/linux-4.10: -diff -ir /usr/src/linux-4.9 /usr/src/linux-4.10: unanswered

diff -qr /usr/src/linux-4.9 /usr/src/linux-4.10:

Which command is used to display a line of text?

echo

Which of the following will set your bash prompt to include the current working directory? export PS1='\w$ ' export PS1='\u@\h:\d$ ' export PS1='$ ' echo $PS1

export PS1='\w$

What commands are used to write the output of the free command to /tmp/free.out? free >> /tmp/free.out free < /tmp/free.out free > /tmp/free.out free <> /tmp/free.out

free > /tmp/free.out free >> /tmp/free.out

Which of the following is a program that adds many more customization options to a GNOME desktop, including installing and configuring extensions? -gnome-extension-editor -gnome-tweak-tool -gnome-restore-omitted-options -gnome-make-desktop-sane

gnome-tweak-tool

Which of the following grep commands can be used to print out all of the lines that do not match the specified pattern? grep -C 3 [pattern] <filename> grep -v [pattern] <filename> grep [pattern] <filename> grep -w [pattern] <filename>

grep -v [pattern] <filename>

Which commands can be used to print the lines that contain the numbers 0-5 in a file? grep [0,1,2,3,4,5] filename grep [0-5] filename grep [-e0 -e1 -e2 -e3 -e4 -e5] filename grep {0-5} filename

grep [0,1,2,3,4,5] filename grep [0-5] filename

Which of the following statements can be used to compare two strings? if [ $STR1 == $STR2 ] ; then echo match found ; fi if [ $STR1 -eq $STR2 ] ; then echo match found ; fi if [[ $STR1 = $STR2 ]] ; then echo match found ; fi All of the above

if [ $STR1 == $STR2 ] ; then echo match found ; fi if [[ $STR1 = $STR2 ]] ; then echo match found ; fi

Which of the following is responsible for starting system and network services at boot time? -Kernel -Boot loader -Init -GRUB

init

Which of the following looping constructs produces an output different than the others? j=7 ; while [ $j -lt 10 ] ; do echo $j ; j=$(($j+1)) ; done j=7 ; until [ $j -eq 10 ] ; do echo $j ; j=$(($j+1)) ; done for j in 7 8 9 ; do echo $j ; done j=7 ; for ( j < 10 ) ; do echo $j ; j=$j+1 ; done

j=7 ; for ( j < 10 ) ; do echo $j ; j=$j+1 ; done

Which command will combine two files that share a common field? merge paste join cat

join

Which of the following utilities can be used to identify how long a user account has remained inactive? who last finger journalctl

last

Which are possible correct commands to add two numbers? expr 2 + 3 echo expr 2 + 3 let x=( 1 + 2 ); echo $x echo (expr(2 + 3))

let x=( 1 + 2 ); echo $x expr 2 + 3

Which command is used to perform a database search of pathnames given the substring that is provided as a parameter?

locate

Which command is used to create a temporary directory? mktemp -d mktemp -dir mkstemp -d mktempdir

mktemp -d

Which command can be used to inquire whether a filesystem is mounted as read-only or as read/write? df -Th cat /etc/fstab mount exportfs -av

mount

Which of the following commands will replace all instances of the word "dog" with "pig" in the file named some_file and send the output to stdout? sed -e s/dog/pig/g some_file sed -e s/dog/pig/ some_file sed -e s:dog:pig:g some_file cat some_file | sed -e s/dog/pig/g

sed -e s/dog/pig/g some_file sed -e s:dog:pig:g some_file cat some_file | sed -e s/dog/pig/g

If we want to debug the 15th line of a script, we must provide the _______ command on 14th line and the ___________command on 16th line of the script. ./script 2> >, set +x set -x, set +x ./script 2>>, set +x set +x, ./script 2>>

set -x, set +x

Which of the following supplies the correct syntax to declare the function named showpath? showpath [ echo $PATH ] showpath {echo $PATH} showpath () { echo $PATH } showpath (echo PATH)

showpath () { echo $PATH }

Which of the following commands can be used to view the last 15 lines of a file? tail +15 some_file tail -15 some_file tail -n15 some_file tail=15 some_file

tail -15 some_file tail -n15 some_file

In the vim editor, which command is used to launch the tutorial?

vimtutor

Which of the following are command line utilities that can be used to download webpages? wget ssh curl Epiphany

wget curl