TESOL Unit 1 - Listening

What are inaccurate perceptions.

Listening barrier that allows our perceptions of a person effect how we listen to them. Listening and perception are two sides to the same coin. Drown out a talkative person, listen carefully to a quiet person. Solution : keep an open mind and suspend judgment until the speaker is finished.

What are non-listening behaviors.

Listening barrier that are habits that limit our ability to listen effectively.

What is daydreaming.

Listening barrier that lets personal concerns or preoccupations to distract us from listening attentively to a friend, teacher, or family member. Can be good, relaxes us, reflection time, creative time. Solution: Focus on speaker, eye contact, positive verbal feedback.

What is information overload

Listening barrier that occurs when a person receives more information than he can handle at one time. Solution: can be reduced by focusing attention on one source for limited amounts of time.

What is overconfidence.

Listening barrier when we assume we know what the speaker is saying, and we don't but effort into listening, and only hear. Take every listening experience as a chance to learn something new.

What is ambushing.

Listening of the sake of attack, or the purpose of accusation.

What is informational learning. (also called deliberate listening)

Listening whose purpose is to seek understanding of the thoughts or concepts being presented. requires competence in several areas: attention, organization, clarification, and recall. Clarification - ask to divulge more information, shows you're listening as well.

What is pseudo-listening.

Pretending to listen when we are really thinking of other things. Mask their inattention with seemingly positive nonverbal feedback.

What is remembering.

The fifth and final stage in the listening process, our reconstruction, formed partially by fact and partially by perception, of what a speaker said. Experts have estimated that after listening to information, we immediately only retain half of it. Decreases until we are left with only a basic impression of what was said. These impressions or ideas are systematic reconstructions of what was actually said. TAKE NOTES.

Selection (selecting)

The first stage of in the listening process. May be influenced externally by loud or repetitious sounds or internally by motives or expectations.

What are selecting, understanding, evaluating, responding and remembering.

The five stages of listening.

What is responding.

The fourth stage of listening where one uses feedback to demonstrate to the speaker our thoughts (shows level of interest too).

What is hearing?

The passive reception of sound by the eardrum. "external". Don't have to exert energy to do this.

What is listening?

The process of selecting, understanding, evaluating, responding, and remembering auditory signals. "internal"

What are selective listening strategies.

When approaching a listening situation 1) Be ready to listen, 2) be an attentive listener 3) Hear the whole message 4)Apply the best listening skills.

What is emphatic listening.

listening characterized by support, comfort and sympathy. Goal of this listening is not help listener, but to help the speaker. When we empathize with someone, we identify intellectually with his or her thoughts or feelings. Examine from speakers perspective, allows us to vicariously experience it. Evaluating can deter the speaker, Sometimes it's best to reserve judgment until the speaker has requested it; and then it should be constructive, not a personal attack.

What is monopolizing

Hogging the stage. reflects a lack of concern for other people. Why and how often are you interrupting? Not all interruptions are bad.

What is perception checking.

Process of gathering valid information and monitoring any self-serving bias before making a final judgement. Used to make sure our evaluations of people are as accurate as possible.

What are some ways to recall, remember information.

Repeating. Attaching already known information to it. Mnemonics

What is negative feedback

Showing disinterest in the speaker's thoughts such as slouching, yawning, lack of eye contact, and no verbal interaction.

Understanding

The second stage of the listening process when we grasp the meaning of a message. It involves organizing the speaker's expressed thoughts and emotions according to grammatical and pragmatic rules. Not knowing the "context" can cause confusion.

What are environmental distractions, information overload, daydreaming, overconfidence, inaccurate perceptions, andnon-listening behaviors

The six types of listening barriers.

Evaluating (judged)

The third stage of the listening process that happens after a message is understood. This is done mostly to determine their truthfulness and their underlying intent. May be influenced by several factors such as stereotyping and implicit personality theory.

What are informational, critical and emphatic listening.

The three listening styles.

Questioning and paraphrasing (rewording) to help speaker.

There are two ways to check or enhance understanding of the speaker's perspective: questioning and paraphrasing. . When we paraphrase, we use our own words to restate what someone has said. In this way, the speaker may verify if we understand, or correct us if we don't. Paraphrasing can take on several different forms: questioning for clarification prior to paraphrasing, content paraphrasing, feelings paraphrasing, and a combination of content and feelings paraphrasing.

What are environmental distractions.

This listening barrier includes noise, temperature, air quality, and physical well-being. Solution: remove them or move away from them

What is feedback.

Used in responding stage of listening. Can be verbal or nonverbal.

Critical listening

Useful listening for analyzing or judging what we have heard. Requires attention, organization, clarification, recall and also evaluating what is said. tests the merit of a message by gathering information, evaluating the speaker's credibility, and questioning the speaker's evidence and reasoning. A speaker's evidence should be judged on its quality and its quantity. Speakers who rely on emotion or use faulty reasoning should be questioned about the reliability of their information. The phrase "everyone is doing it" is an example of an appeal based on faulty reasoning. Watch out for all-inclusive phrases like "everyone," "no one," "always," and "never." These terms are often red flags, signifying exaggeration or faulty reasoning.

What is constructive criticism ?

When one offers suggestions for improvement or advice without unnecessary offense. Avoid judgmental questions.

What is selective listening

When one only listens to parts of a speakers message. Sometime acceptable as in on an airplane. Can be caused by uncomfortable situations. Try listening to everything.

What is defensive listening.

When we become preoccupied with the speaker's motivations. innocent comments are interpreted as attacks. Solution : ask for clarification.

What is positive feedback

While speaker is talking, might include, alert posture, direct eye contact, appropriate facial expressions, head nods and supportive phrases such as "go on" and "uh-huh". After speaker talks might include requests for clarification (questions) or empathic statements.

What is mnemonics.

a short rhyme, phrase, acronym, or other mental technique used to ease the task of memorization. EGBDG Every Good Boy Does Good (Music notes) ICE (informational, critical and emphatic)

Possessing competent listening skills will enable you to:

• help others because you will better hear and understand what their needs are and be more empathetic; • be more accepted socially because people like others who listen supportively; • develop awareness of the world around you by becoming more knowledgeable about your environment, your experiences, and the experiences of others; • stumble less in life, since by listening to others, you can learn how they overcame mistakes and learn to avoid them yourself; • increase your circle of influence—people follow those who have listened to them, shown respect to them, and made them feel understood; • solve problems faster and more completely because you will have benefited from the knowledge of others.